Sacred Time, Sacred Place: Archaeology and the Religion of Israel

244 Pages·2002·11.98 MB·English

by  Barry M. Gittlen

SACRED TIME, SACRED PLACE

Sacred Time, Sacred Place
Archaeology and the
Religion of Israel
edited by
Barry M. Gittlen
Winona Lake, Indiana
El SEN BRAUNS
2002
© Copyright 2002 by Eisenbrauns.
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Cataloging'in'Publication Data
Sacred time, sacred place : archaeology and the religion of Israel / edited
by Barry M. Gittlen.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN i'575o6'054'X (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Bible. O.T.—Evidences, authority, etc. 2. Bible. O.T.—
Antiquities. 3. Archaeology and religion. 4. Middle East—
Religion. 5. Judaism—History—To 70 A.D. 6. Jews—History—To
70 A.D. 7. Middle East—Antiquities. I. Gittlen, Barry M.
BS1180.S16 2001
22I.9'3—dc2i
2001033724
CIP
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the
American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for
Printed Library Materials, ANSI 739.48'! 984.0
Contents
Archaeology and the Religion of Israel xi
Barry M. Gittlen
Part I
Charting the Course:
The Relationship between Text and Artifact
Religion Up and Down, Out and In ............................................................... 3
Jonathan Z. Smith
Theology, Philology, and Archaeology:
In the Pursuit of Ancient Israelite Religion................................. 11
William G. Dever
Philology and Archaeology:
Imagining New Questions, Begetting New Ideas........................ 35
ZlONY ZEVIT
Part II
Prayers in Clay:
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Figurines
Israelite Figurines: A View from the Texts .................................................. 45
Karel van der Toorn
On the Use of Images in Israel and the Ancient Near East:
A Response to Karel van der Toom .............................................. 63
Jack M. Sasson
Part III
The Mythology of Sacred Space:
Structure and Structuralism
Preamble to a Temple Tour ....................................................
ZlONY ZEVIT
V
VI Contents
Solomon’s Temple: The Politics of Ritual Space......................................... 83
Elizabeth Bloch-Smith
The Four-Homed Altar and Sacred Space:
An Archaeological Perspective...................................................... 95
Seymour Gitin
Ritual as Symbol: Modes of Sacrifice in Israelite Religion...................... 125
Baruch A. Levine
Part IV
Death in the Life of Israel
Death in the Life of Israel ............................................................................ 139
Elizabeth Bloch-Smith
Tombs and Offerings: Archaeological Data and
Comparative Methodology in the Study of Death in Israel ... 145
Wayne T. Pitard
How Far Can Texts Take Us? Evaluating Textual Sources for
Reconstructing Ancient Israelite Beliefs about the Dead .... 169
Theodore J. Lewis
Indexes
Index of Authors ........................................................................................... 219
Index of Scripture ......................................................................................... 225
Abbreviations
Qeneral
EB Early Bronze Age
GHD Genealogy of the Hammurapi Dynasty
LB Late Bronze Age
LXX Septuagint
MB Middle Bronze Age
MT Masoretic Text
NJPSV New Jewish Publication Society Version
NRSV New Revised Standard Version
NT New Testament
OB Old Babylonian
OT Old Testament
RS Field numbers of objects excavated at Ras Shamra
RSV Revised Standard Version
Reference Works
AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
AB Anchor Bible
ABD The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by D. N. Freedman. 6 vols. Garden
City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1992
AfO Beiheft Archiv fur Orientforschung Beiheft
ALASP Ahhandlungen zur Literatur Alt^Syrien-Palastinas
ANEP Pritchard, J. B. (editor). The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the
Old Testament. 2d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969
ANET Pritchard, J. B. (editor). Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old
Testament. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969
AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament
ARMT Archives royales de Mari (texts in transliteration and translation)
ASOR Dissertation Series American Schools of Oriental Research Dissertation
Series
ATD Das Alte Testament Deutsch
BA Biblical Archaeologist
BA Rev Biblical Archaeology Review
BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
BBB Bonner hiblische Beitrage
BDB Brown, F., S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs. Hebrew and English Lexicon of
the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1907
BeO Bibbia e oriente
Vll
viii Abbreviations
Bib Biblica
BMB Bulletin du Musee de Byrouth
BN Biblische Notizen
BO Bibliotheca Orientalis
BRL Galling, K.. Biblisches Reallexikon. Tubingen, 1937; 2d ed., 1977
BWANT Beitrage zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament
BZ Biblische Zeitschrift
CAD Oppenheim, A. L., et al. (editors). The Assyrian Dictionary of the
Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago: The Oriental
Institute of the University of Chicago, 1956-
CahRB Cahiers de la Revue biblique
CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly
CTM Concordia Theological Monthly
Erlsr EretZ'Israel
HALAT Koehler, L., and W. Baumgartner, et al. (editors). Hebraisches und
aramaisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament. 4 Vols. Leiden: Brill, 1967-90
HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs
HSS Harvard Semitic Studies
HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual
IE) Israel Exploration Journal
JANES(CU) Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society (of Columbia University)
JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society
JBL Journal of Biblical Literature
JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies
JJS Journal of Jewish Studies
JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies
JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages
JQR Jewish Quarterly Review
JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series
JTS Journal of Theological Studies
KAI Donner, H., and W. Rollig. Kanaanaische und aramaische Inschriften.
Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1962-64
KTU Dietrich, M., O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartfn. Die Keilalphabetischen Texte
aus Ugarit. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 24. Kevelaer: Butzon &
Bercker / Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1976
MAR/ Mari: Annales de recherches interdisciplinaires
MDOG Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft
NABU Nouvelles assyriobgiques breves et utilitaires
NEA Near Eastern Archaeobgy
OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis
OIP Oriental Institute Publications
OrAnt Oriens antiquus
OTL Old Testament Library
OTS Oudtestamentische Studien
PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly
PTMS Pittsburgh Theological Monograph Series