Table Of Content
ROUTLEDGE HISTORY OF WORLD
PHILOSOPHIES
VOLUME 3
Routledge History of World Philosophies
Since the publication of the first volumes in 1993, the prestigious Routledge History
of Philosophy, edited by G.H.R. Parkinson and S.G. Shanker, has established itself as
the most comprehensive chronological survey of Western philosophy available. It
discusses the most important philosophical movements from the sixth century BC up
to the present day. All the major figures in Western philosophy are covered in detail in
these volumes. The philosophers are clearly situated within the cultural and scientific
context of their time.
Within the main corpus of the Routledge History of Philosophy, the Jewish, Islamic,
and Chinese traditions are discussed in the context of Western philosophy, with which
they are inextricably linked. The History of Islamic Philosophy, the History of Jewish
Philosophy, and the History of Chinese Philosophy are designed to supplement the core
volumes by dealing specifically with these three philosophical traditions; they provide
extensive analysis of the most significant thinkers and concepts. In keeping with the
rest of the series, each volume has a comprehensive index and bibliographies, and
includes chapters by some of the most influential scholars in the field.
ROUTLEDGE HISTORY OF WORLD
PHILOSOPHIES
VOLUME 3
HISTORY OF CHINESE
PHILOSOPHY
Edited by
Bo Mou
First published 2009
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2009 Bo Mou for selection and editorial matter; individual contributors
for their contributions
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Routledge history of Chinese philosophy / editor, Bo Mou.
p. cm. – (Routledge history of world philosophies)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Philosophy, Chinese–History. I. Mou, Bo, 1956- II. Title: History of Chinese philosophy.
B5231.R68 2008
181'.11–dc22
2008034710
ISBN 0-203-00286-5 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0-415-35688-1 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0-203-00286-5 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-35688-6 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-00286-5 (ebk)
CONTENTS
Notes on contributors vii
Preface xi
On some methodological issues concerning Chinese philosophy: an introduction 1
Bo Mou
I Identity of Chinese philosophy 41
1 The emergence of the history of Chinese philosophy 43
Antonio S. Cua
II Classical Chinese philosophy (I): Pre-Han period 69
2 The Yi-Jing and Yin-Yang way of thinking 71
Chung-ying Cheng
3 Classical Confucianism (I): Confucius and the Lun-Yü 107
Edward Slingerland
4 The Mohist school 137
Chris Fraser
5 The school of Names 164
Yiu-ming Fung
6 Classical Confucianism (II): Meng Zi and Xun Zi 189
Kim-chong Chong
7 Daoism (I): Lao Zi and the Dao-De-Jing 209
Xiaogan Liu
8 Daoism (II): Zhuang Zi and the Zhuang-Zi 237
Vincent Shen
III Classical Chinese philosophy (II): From Han through Tang 267
9 Philosophy in the Han dynasty 269
Yiu-ming Fung
10 Neo-Daoism 303
Alan K.L. Chan
11 Chinese Buddhist philosophy from Han through Tang 324
Whalen Lai (with assistance from Yu-Yin Cheng)
CONTENTS
IV Classical Chinese philosophy (III): From Song through early Qing 363
12 Neo-Confucianism (I): From Cheng Yi to Zhu Xi 365
Shu-hsien Liu
13 Neo-Confucianism (II): From Lu Jiu-yuan to Wang Yang-ming 396
Shu-hsien Liu
14 Philosophical development in late Ming and early Qing 429
Chung-yi Cheng
V Modern Chinese philosophy: From Late Qing through the twenty-first
century 471
15 Enlightenment movement 473
Xinyan Jiang
16 Development of dialectical materialism in China 512
Chenshan Tian
17 Contemporary Neo-Confucian philosophy 539
Sor-hoon Tan
18 Constructive engagement of Chinese and Western philosophy: 571
a contemporary trend toward world philosophy
Bo Mou
Appendixes
1 Comparative chronology of philosophers 609
2 Note on transcription 613
Index 615
vi
CONTRIBUTO RS
Chan, Alan K.L. is Professor of Philosophy and Associate Provost for undergraduate
education at the National University of Singapore. His research focuses on ancient
and early medieval Chinese philosophy, especially Daoism. His latest publications
include two edited volumes on Philosophy and Religion in Early Medieval China and
Interpretation and Literature in Early Medieval China, both to be published by the
State University of New York Press. He received his Ph.D. from the University of
Toronto.
Cheng, Chung-yi is Professor in the Philosophy Department at the Chinese University
of Hong Kong. His primary research interests lie in Confucian philosophy,
especially from Song–Ming to contemporary, but he also has a strong interest in
comparative philosophy. He has published The Transformation of Confucianism
during the Transitional Period of Ming-Qing (in Chinese). An anthology entitled
Confucianism, Philosophy and the Modern World (in Chinese) is forthcoming. He is
currently writing a book on Ming Confucian philosophy.
Cheng, Chung-ying is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii at Manoa,
USA. He received his Ph.D. degree from Harvard University (1964). Cheng
is the founder and honorary President of the International Society for Chinese
Philosophy and International Society for the Yijing; he is the Editor-in-Chief
of Journal of Chinese Philosophy. He is the author of many articles and books on
Chinese philosophy and comparative philosophy, including Peirce’s and Lewis’s
Theories of Induction (1969), Modernization and Universalization of Chinese Culture
(1988, in Chinese), New Dimensions of Confucian and New-Confucian Philosophy
(1991). He is co-editor of Contemporary Chinese Philosophy (2002).
Chong, Kim-chong is Professor in the Division of Humanities, Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology. He previously taught at the National University
of Singapore. His interests are in ethics, Chinese philosophy, and comparative
philosophy. Two of his recent publications are ‘Zhuangzi and the Nature of
Metaphor’ (Philosophy East and West, 56:3, 2006) and Early Confucian Ethics:
Concepts and Arguments (2007).
Cua, Antonio S. (Ke, Xiong-wen, 1932–2007) obtained his BA from the Far
Eastern University (Manila, 1952), MA (1954) and Ph.D. (1958) from the
University of California at Berkeley. Cua was Professor of Philosophy at the
Catholic University of America. He was past President of the Society for Asian
and Comparative Philosophy (1978–9) and the International Society for Chinese
Philosophy (1984–6). His numerous articles appeared in many professional
CONTRIBUTORS
philosophical journals. He is the author of the following books: Reason and Virtue: A
Study in the Ethics of Richard Price (1966); Dimensions of Moral Creativity: Paradigms,
Principles, and Ideals (1978); The Unity of Knowledge and Action: A Study in Wang
Yang-ming’s Moral Psychology (1982); Ethical Argumentation: A Study in Hsun Tzu’s
Moral Epistemology (1985); and Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese Ethics
(1998). Cua was the editor of Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy (2003), co-editor
of the Journal of Chinese Philosophy, an associate editor of the International Journal
of the Philosophy of Religion, and a member of the Editorial Board of the American
Philosophical Quarterly and Philosophy East and West.
Fraser, Chris is Assistant Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the Chinese
University of Hong Kong. He holds an undergraduate degree from Yale University
and graduate degrees from National Taiwan University and the University of Hong
Kong. He is currently writing a monograph on Mohist thought.
Fung, Yiu-ming is a Chair Professor of the Division of Humanities at the Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology. He received his Ph.D. in philosophy from
the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1984. Fung is the author of several books
in Chinese, including The Methodological Problems of Chinese Philosophy (1989);
Chinese Philosophy in the Ancient Period, 4 vols (1992); Gong-Sun-Long-Zi: A
Perspective of Analytic Philosophy (1999); and The Myth of Transcendent Immanence:
A Perspective of Analytic Philosophy on Contemporary Neo-Confucianism (2003). He
has also published more than eighty research papers in both Chinese and English.
Jiang, Xinyan is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Redlands. Her
interests are primarily in Chinese philosophy, comparative philosophy, and ethics.
She has published in English journals such as the History of Philosophy and Logic,
Philosophy East and West, Journal of Chinese Philosophy, Philosophical Inquiry, and
Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy, and in several anthologies. She is the editor
of an anthology, The Examined Life: Chinese Perspectives (2002). She was Chair of
the Committee on Asian/Asian American Philosophers and Philosophies of the
American Philosophical Association (1998–2002) and a member of the Advisory
Committee to the Program Committee of the Eastern Division of the American
Philosophical Association (2002–5). Currently, she is Treasurer of the International
Society for Chinese Philosophy.
Lai, Whalen is Professor in the Program in Religious Studies at the University of
California, Davis. He was born in Hong Kong and received his BA in Religion and
Philosophy from the International Christian University, Tokyo, and his Ph.D. in
Comparative Religion from Harvard University. He is the co-author with Michael
von Brück of Buddhismus und Christentum: Geschichte, Konfrontation, Dialog (1997)
and has contributed over 100 articles to various journals, dictionaries, and encyclo-
pedias on Chinese Buddhism, Asian philosophy, and mythology. He is currently
viii
CONTRIBUTORS
working with Professor Yu-yin Cheng on a study of ghosts in Chinese history after
the manner of the French histoire de mentalité.
Liu, Shu-hsien earned his Ph.D. in Philosophy from Southern Illinois University
at Carbondale (1966), taught at SIU-C as a full professor from 1974 to 1981, was
chair-professor of philosophy at the Chinese University of Hong Kong from 1981
to 1999. Now he is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at CUHK, adjunct research
fellow at the Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica,
Taipei, and also chair-professor of Soochow University and Chengchi University,
Taipei. He has published more than twenty books in Chinese including books
on Zhu Xi and Huang Zong-xi. His English publications include more than sixty
articles and two books: Understanding Confucian Philosophy: Classical and Sung-Ming
(1998) and Essentials of Contemporary Neo-Confucian Philosophy (2003).
Liu, Xiaogan is Professor of Philosophy in the Department of Philosophy and Director
of the Research Centre for Chinese Philosophy and Culture at the Chinese
University of Hong Kong. He received his Ph.D. from Peking University, where
he has taught and conducted research. His other appointments have taken him
to Harvard University, Princeton University, the University of Michigan, and the
University of Singapore. He is author, editor, and contributor of numerous books
and journals, including Classifying the Zhuangzi Chapters (2004), Daoism and Ecology
(2001), and ‘From Bamboo Slips to Received Versions: Common Features in the
Transformation of the Laozi’ (Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 2003). Many of
his books and articles have been translated into English, Chinese, Japanese, and
Korean.
Mou, Bo is Director of the Center for Comparative Philosophy at San Jose State
University, USA. After receiving a BS in mathematics, he received an MA from
the Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and his Ph.D. from the
University of Rochester, USA. Representative publications include ‘The Enumerative
Character of Tarski’s Definition of Truth and its General Character in a Tarskian
System’, Synthese (2000), Two Roads to Wisdom? Chinese and Analytic Philosophical
Traditions (contributing editor, 2001), ‘A Re-examination of the Structure and
Content of Confucius’s Version of the Golden Rule’, Philosophy East and West
(2004), and Davidson’s Philosophy and Chinese Philosophy (contributing editor 2006),
and Searle’s Philosophy and Chinese Philosophy (contributing editor 2008).
Shen, Vincent received his BA and MA from Fu-jen University, Taipei, and his
MA and Ph.D. from Université Catholique de Louvain. He is currently the Lee
Chair in Chinese Thought and Culture in the Department of Philosophy and the
Department of East Asian Studies, and Chair of the Department of East Asian
Studies, University of Toronto. His major publications include: Disenchantment of
the World: Impact of Science and Technology on Culture (1984), Studies in Contemporary
Philosophy East and West (1985), After Physics: The Development of Metaphysics
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