Root Biology

519 Pages·2018·11.31 MB·English

by  Bhoopander Giri

Soil Biology
Bhoopander Giri · Ram Prasad 
Ajit Varma Editors
Root
Biology
Soil Biology
Volume 52
Series Editor
Ajit Varma, Amity Institute of Microbial Technology,
Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/5138
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Bhoopander Giri Ram Prasad Ajit Varma
Editors
Root Biology
Editors
BhoopanderGiri RamPrasad
DepartmentofBotany AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology
SwamiShraddhanandCollege AmityUniversity
UniversityofDelhi Noida,UttarPradesh,India
Delhi,India
AjitVarma
AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology
AmityUniversity
Noida,UttarPradesh,India
ISSN1613-3382 ISSN2196-4831 (electronic)
SoilBiology
ISBN978-3-319-75909-8 ISBN978-3-319-75910-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75910-4
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Preface
Roots are typically underground, complex, and essential parts of the plants, which
performanarrayoffunctions,viz.,anchortheplantbodytothesoilforphysicaland
mechanicalsupport,absorbwaterandmineralnutrientsfromthesoil,andtranslocate
them to other parts of the plant for conducting a myriad of metabolic activities. In
certain cases, roots serve as storage organs. In the rhizosphere, a dynamic zone
dominated by a variety of organic compounds, root interacts with a sort of organ-
isms.Plantrootshaveanextraordinarycapacitytorespondtobothpathogenicand
plantgrowth-promotingmicroorganisms.Certainsoilmicroorganismsintherhizo-
sphere communicate with plant root and establish intimate associations. Among
these, mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria are identical. These
microbes improve nutrient status of their hosts, protect against potentially harmful
microbes and abiotic environmental stresses, thereby improving plant fitness and
yield.Attheonsetofsymbiosis,mycorrhizalfungimodulateplantrootmorphology,
physiology, and biochemistry and alter plant’s functioning. Indeed, certain phyto-
hormoneslargelyimpactgrowthandfunctioningofplantrootsbymodulatingroot
morphology or other physiological processes. Under current scenarios of climate
change, which is expected to aggravate in future too, the functioning of such
potential microorganisms is promising as water and soil nutrient availability is
predicted to be steadily declining largely due to exertion of physiological drought
conditions; consequently, plant roots could rigorously face scarcity of water and
mineralnutrientsleadingtodecreasedplantgrowthandproductivity.
During recent decades, enormous advances have been made in the area of root
researchthat tempt us toprovide acomprehensiveandupdated overviewofrecent
progress made in this field; thus, we conceived the book Root Biology. We
approached leading scholars working in the area of plant root biology and invited
them to develop articles in the areas of root system architecture, anchorage in the
soil, biology of root formation, physiology and molecular developments of root,
mutualistic symbioses, rhizosphere root interactions, biological control of root
pathogens,andstressbiology.
v
vi Preface
This volume contains 21 thought-provoking chapters written by 75 leading
researchersintheareaoftheirspecializationhighlightinglatestresearchandfuture
prospects.Chapter1highlightstheroleofphytohormonesintailoringunderground
plantrootsystemarchitecture;Chap.2shedslightontheroleofstrigolactonesinroot
development and interaction of strigolactones with other phytohormones in
determining root architecture; Chap. 3 discusses effects of mineral nutrients and
phytohormonesonroothairgrowthanddevelopment;Chap.4dealswithmorpho-
logicalandsymbioticrootmodificationsformineralacquisitionfromnutrient-poor
soils;Chap.5discussesrootexudatesandmicrobialcommunitiesthatdrivemineral
dissolution and the formation of nanosize minerals in soils in relation to soil C
storage;Chap.6describesinfluenceoftherootexudatesonplantgrowth-promoting
rhizobacteria and pathogens; Chap. 7 provides an overview of different aspects of
controlofsoil-bornepathogensthatinducerootdiseases;Chap.8dealswiththerole
of nematophagous fungi in the control of root-knot and cyst nematodes; Chap. 9
describestheroleoffungiinimprovingdatepalmtolerancetodrought,salinity,and
vascularFusarium-inducedwilt;Chap.10uncoverstheroleofmycorrhizalsymbi-
osisinameliorationofsaltstress;Chap.11describestheroleofbacterialandfungal
endophytesinprotectingplantsfromdroughtstress;Chap.12focusesontheroleof
ACCdeaminase-producingbacteriainameliorationofabioticstress;Chap.13high-
lights importance of root–microbe interactions for plant growth and development;
Chap.14dealswiththeimportanceofrhizospherecommunitiesinrelationtoplant
growth promotion and sustainable agriculture; Chap. 15 covers morphology and
physiological aspects of symbiotic plant–microbe interactions and their ecological
significance;Chap.16shedslightontheimpactofclimatechangeonroot–pathogen
interaction; Chap. 17 deals with mycorrhizal fungi and their responses to nutrient
enrichmentintheterrestrialecosystems;Chap.18providesmostrecentinformation
ontheimprovedordepressedeffectofarbuscularmycorrhizafungionplantgrowth;
Chap.19discussestheroleofarbuscularmycorrhizainconservationofendangered
tropical legume trees; Chap. 20 sheds light on the paradigm shift from
mycorrhizospheretorhizospheremicrobiomeandalsodealswithdiversity,interac-
tion, and management of mycorrhizal microbiome for better plant health and crop
productivity;andChap.21talksabouttheinfluenceofarbuscularmycorrhizalfungi
ongrowthofdifferentspeciesandprovenancesofjujubeplants.
We are highly thankful to Dr Bhawna Saxena, Swami Shraddhanand College,
University ofDelhi,Delhi, for her valuablehelp inincorporatingeditorial changes
during the preparation of this volume. We wish to thank Springer officials, partic-
ularlyWilliamFCurtis,EricSchmitt,HannaHensler-Fritton,Man-ThiTran,Isabel
Ullmann, and Bibhuti Bhusan Sharma for their generous support and efforts in
accomplishingthisvolume.Wearehighlydelightedandthankfultoallourcontrib-
uting authors for their vigorous support and outstanding cooperation to write
altruistically these authoritative and valuable chapters. We specially thank our
familiesforconsistentsupportandencouragement.
Preface vii
Withabouquetofinformationondifferentaspectsofrootbiology,wehopethis
book is a valuable resource for the students of different strata; researchers and
academicians, working in the field of plant sciences, agriculture, microbiology,
andfungalbiology;andthescholarsinterestedinstrengtheningtheirknowledgein
theareaofplant–soilorplant–microbeinteractions.
NewDelhi,India BhoopanderGiri
Noida,India RamPrasad
Noida,India AjitVarma
Contents
1 InsightsintoPivotalRoleofPhytohormonalCrossTalk
inTailoringUndergroundPlantRootSystemArchitecture. . . . . . . 1
PriyankaSinglaandSurinderKaur
2 EffectsofStrigolactonesonPlantRoots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
AdrianusP.ClaassensandPaulN.Hills
3 RootHairGrowthandDevelopmentinResponsetoNutrients
andPhytohormones.. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 65
De-JianZhang,Yu-JieYang,Chun-YanLiu,FeiZhang,
andQiang-ShengWu
4 MorphologicalandSymbioticRootModificationsforMineral
AcquisitionfromNutrient-PoorSoils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
A.Kleinert,V.A.Benedito,R.J.L.Morcillo,J.Dames,
P.Cornejo-Rivas,A.Zuniga-Feest,MabelDelgado,
andGastónMuñoz
5 RootExudatesandMicrobialCommunitiesDriveMineral
DissolutionandtheFormationofNano-sizeMineralsinSoils:
ImplicationsforSoilCarbonStorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
GuanghuiYu
6 RootExudatesDominatetheColonizationofPathogen
andPlantGrowth-PromotingRhizobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
JunYuan,WaseemRaza,andQirongShen
7 BiocontrolofSoilborneRootPathogens:AnOverview. . . . . . . . . . 181
PratibhaThakurandIshwarSingh
8 BiologicalControlofRoot-KnotandCystNematodesUsing
NematophagousFungi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 221
GeetaSaxena
ix
x Contents
9 OptimizingGrowthandToleranceofDatePalm
(PhoenixdactyliferaL.)toDrought,Salinity,andVascular
Fusarium-InducedWilt(Fusariumoxysporum)byApplication
ofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi(AMF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
AbdelilahMeddich,MohamedAitElMokhtar,WidadBourzik,
ToshiakiMitsui,MarouaneBaslam,andMohamedHafidi
10 ImprovementofSaltToleranceinRicePlantsbyArbuscular
MycorrhizalSymbiosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
JuanManuelRuiz-Lozano,RosaPorcel,MónicaCalvo-Polanco,
andRicardoAroca
11 BioprotectionofSoybeanPlantsfromDroughtStress
byApplicationofBacterialandFungalEndophytes. . . . . . . . . . . . 281
DipantiChourasiya,RichaAgnihotri,AnilPrakash,KamalK.Pal,
andMahaveerP.Sharma
12 PerspectivesofRhizobacteriawithACCDeaminaseActivity
inPlantGrowthUnderAbioticStress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
RichaRaghuwanshiandJayKishorPrasad
13 Root–MicrobeInteractions:UnderstandingandExploitation
ofMicrobiome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
AmitaSharmaandRajnishKumarVerma
14 UnfoldingtheRoleofRhizomicrobiomeTowardSustainable
Agriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
SanjanaKaul,SuruchiGupta,TanwiSharma,andManojK.Dhar
15 MorphologicalandPhysiologicalAspectsofSymbiotic
Plant–MicrobeInteractionsandTheirSignificance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
SurinderKaurandGurpreetKaur
16 ImpactofClimateChangeonRoot–PathogenInteractions. . . . . . . 409
ParinitaSingh,TouseefHussain,SeemaPatel,andNadeemAkhtar
17 ArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiandTheirResponses
toNutrientEnrichment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
HaishuiYang,MichelleSchroeder-Moreno,BhoopanderGiri,
andShuijinHu
18 RelationshipBetweenArbuscularMycorrhizasandPlant
Growth:ImprovementorDepression?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Li-HuiLü,Ying-NingZou,andQiang-ShengWu
19 ArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiSymbiosisandConservation
ofEndangeredTropicalLegumeTrees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
HusnaFaad,FaisalDanuTuheteru,andAsriantiArif