Puntland Nabad Ah

72 Pages·2016·1.68 MB·Somali

Puntland Nabad Ah: Astaynta Horumarka
Dimuqraadiyadda, Maamul-Baahinta,
iyo Sarraynta Sharciga
Barnaamijka Tiirarka Nabadda
Garowe, November 2015

Mahadnaqa Qoraalkan waxa isla diyaariyey Xarunta Horumarinta Cilmi-baarista
Puntland (PDRC) iyo Xafiis-goboleedka Interpeace ee Bariga iyo Bar-
tamaha Africa.
Cilmi-baarayaasha
Xriirinta Cilmi-baarista: Ali Farah Ali
Tiirka Amniga iyo Sarraynta Sharciga: Ahmed Osman Adan
Tiirka Dimuqraadiyadda: Mohamoud Ali Said, Hassan Aden Mohamed
Tiirka Maamul-baahinta: Amina Mohamed Abdulkadir
Kooxda Maqal-Muuqaalka: Muctar Mohamed Hersi
La-taliyaha Cilmi-baarista
Abdirahman Osman Raghe
Tifaf-tirka waxa gacan ka geeystey
Peter W. Mackenzie, Peter Nordstrom, Jessamy Garver-
Affeldt, Jesse Kariuki and Claire Elder
Naqshadda buugga
David Müller
Daabacaadda
Kul Graphics Ltd
Sawirka bogga Hore: Dhaarinta Golaha Degaanka Galkayo
Sawirka bogga dambe: Hooyo wiilkeedi colaad sokeeye lagu dilay oo nabad
ku baaqyesa iyo in aan la aarsan – Kooxda Maqawal-Muuqaalka Guur-guura
ISBN: 978-9966-1665-7-9
Xuquuqda Daabacaadda: Xaunta Horumarinta Cilmi-baarist, Puntland
Development Research Center (PDRC)
Waxa la Daabacay: November 2015
Qoraalkan waxa soo saaray Xarunta Horumarinta Cilmi-baarista Punt-
land iyada oo la kaashaneysa Interpeace wuxuuna ka tarjumayaa arag-
tidooda oo qura. Aragtiyaha ku jira ma aha kuwo ay qaateen ama an-
sixiyeen Deeq-bixiyeyaasha wax ka maalgeliyey loomana qaadan karo
aragtida rasmiga ah ee deeq-bixiyeyaasha ama adeegyadooda. Deeq-bix-
iyeyaashu ma dammaanad qaadayaan dhab ahaanta xogta halkan ku
qoran, mas’uulna kama aha xigashadeeda.
Shaxda Ereyo la soo gaabshey 6
Araar 7
bogagga
1 Hordhac 8
1.1 Xaaladda Mandiqadda 10
1.2 Tiirarka Nabadda: Wajiga II 12
2 Amniga iyo Sarreynta Sharciga 14
2.1 Hordhac 14
2.2 Caqabadaha Amniga 15
2.2.1 Awoodaha Hay’adaha Amniga oo Hooseeysa 15
2.2.2 Hubka oo faraha ka baxay 17
2.2.3 Xiriirka booliiska iyo bulshada 18
2.2.4 Xag-jirnimo 18
2.2.5 Arimaha xuduudaha gudaha iyo dibadda 19
2.2.6 Kalluumaysiga sharci darrada ah iyo saamenyta uu
la iman karo 20
2.3 Caqabadaha Garsoorka iyo Hannaanka Sharciga Puntland 21
2.3.1 Caqabado hay’adeed oo ba’an 21
2.3.2 Hannaanka garsoorka dawladda iyo kan dhaqanka 22
2.4 Caqabadaha dib-u-heshiisiinta bulshada 23
2.4.1 Soo-noqnoqshada colaadaha khayraadka ku salaysan 23
2.4.2 Wadajirka bulshada oo hooseysa 23
2.5 Sahaminta Fursadaha Jira ee Wax-ka-tari kara Xallinta
Caqabadaha Amniga 24
2.5.1 Aragti iyo dadaalada amniga ee muuqda 25
3 Tiirka Dimuqaraadiyadeynta 34
3.1 Hordhac 34
3.2 Caqabadaha Hortaagan Geeddi-Socodka Dimuqraaddiyadda 35
3.2.1 Ka gudbidda Hannaanka Qabiilka iyo U-gudbidda
Dimuqraaddiyadda 35
3.2.2 Ka go’naanshaha iyo Awoodda Waxqabad oo Liidata 39
3.2.3 Baahsanaanta iyo Helitaanka Sahlan ee Hubka 40
3.3 Caqabadaha Hor-taagan Doorashooyinka 40
3.3.1 Wacyiga Dadka oo Hooseeya 40
3.3.2 Jiritaan La’aan Maxkamad Dastuur 41
3.3.3 Jiritaan La’aan Xuduudaha Gobollada iyo Degmooyinka 41
3.3.4 Jiritaan La’aan Diiwaanka Cod-bixi yeyaasha iyo
Waraaqaha aqoonsiga 41
3.3.5 Ilaha Dhaqaale oo Xaddidan 42
3.3.6 Axsaabta Siyaasadeed ee Cusub 42
3.4 Fursadaha Jira ee Faa’idada u Leh Dimuqraaddiyadda Puntland 42
3.4.1 Taageerada Dadka 43
3.4.2 Ka go’naanshaha Guud ee Dawladda (General government commitment) 43
3.4.3 Faa’idada Dadku ka Filayo Dimuqraaddiyadda 44
3.4.4 Wakhti Ku Filan (Sufficient time) 44
3.5 Meelaha Laga Xoojin Karo Dimuqraaddiyadda 45
3.5.1 Dib-u-Xoojinta Midnimada Beelaha 46
3.5.2 Dar-dar Gelinta Barashada Madaniga iyo Cod-bixiyaha 46
3.5.3 Soohdimeynta Degmooyinka Puntland 47
3.5.4 Aqoonsiga iyo Diiwaan-gelinta Cod-bixiyeyaasha 48
3.5.5 Sugidda Amniga 49
3.5.6 Dhismaha Maxkamad Dstuuri ah 49
4 Tiirka Maamul-Baahinta 51
4.1 Hordhac 51
4.2 Guulihii Laga Gaaray Maamul-Baahinta 52
4.3 Caqabadaha Hor-Taagan Maamul-Baahinta Puntlana 54
4.3.1 Jiritaan La’aan Awood Hay’adeed (maamul, dhaqaale iyo xoog shaqaale) 54
4.3.2 Ka-qaybgalka Dadka oo Liita (Low citizen participation) 56
4.3.3 Dhaqaale Yari (Limited Financial Resources) 57
4.3.4 Ka Faa’ideysiga Kheyraadka Dabiiciga 58
4.3.5 Awoodda Dakhli Dhalin (Revenue generation capacities) 58
4.3.6 Hufnaan iyo La-xisaabtan (Transparency and accountability) 59
4.3.7 Bixinta Adeegga (Public Service Delivery) 59
4.3.8 Kororka Tirada Degmooyinka: Natiijada Ka Dhalatay 60
4.3.9 Xiriirka u Dhexeeya Dawladda Dhexe iyo Dawladaha Hoose 60
4.4 Fursadaha Hannaanka Maamul-baahinta Puntland 61
4.5 Meelaha Laga Xoojin Karo Dimuqraaddiyadda 62
4.5.1 Xoojinta Awoodda Waxqabad ee Dawladaha Hoose 62
4.5.2 Xoojinta Ka-qaybgalaka Arrimaha Degaanka 63
4.5.3 Wax ka qabashada Kororka Degmooyinka 64
4.5.4 Xoointa Awoodda Dakhli-Ururin ee Dawladaha Hoose 64
4.5.5 Xoojinta Xiriirka Hay’adaha Dawladda 65
5 Gunnaanad 67
6 Raadraaca 69
Ereyo la soo ALGAPL Association of Local Government Authorities of
Puntland State
gaabshey
CRRC Conflict Resolution and Ratification Committee
CSO Civil Society Organization
DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration
DfP Dialogue for Peace
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FGS Federal Government of Somalia
HoR House of Representatives
IDP Internally Displaced Person
KII Key Informant Interviews
MAVU Mobile Audio-Visual Unit
MOCFAD Ministry of Constitution, Federal Affairs and
Democratization
MOI Ministry of Interior
MOS Ministry of Security
PAR Participatory Action Research
PDRC Puntland Development Research Center
PMPF Puntland Marine Police Force
PoP Pillars of Peace
PSM Puntland Stakeholders Meeting
SC Steering Committee
SfP Search for Peace
SRoL Security and Rule of Law
SSC Sool, Sanaag and Cayn
SSF Somalia Stability Fund
TPEC Transitional Puntland Electoral Commission
UNSOM United Nations Office for Somalia
WSPI War-Torn Societies Project International
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Araar Qoraalkani waa natiijada cilmibaaris sannad qaadatay oo lagu soo ogaanayey
caqabadaha iyo fursadaha ka jira arrimaha la xiriira dimuqraadiyaynta, baahin-
ta maamulka iyo amniga iyo sarraynta sharciga. Waxa lagu fuliyey Barnaamijka
Tiirarka Nabadda wajigeeda 2aad, kaas oo ay si wada jir ah isaga kaashadeen
hay’daha PDRC iyo Interpeace oo sannado badan ku bahoobey horumarinta
nabadda iyo baritaarka dimuqraadiyadda.
Cimibaaristu waxay siyaabo kala duwan ula kulantay dad ka badan ilaa 389 iyada
oo si gaar-gaar ah loo waraystay ama ka qaybgalay dood-kooxeedyo, kuwaas oo
ku sugnaa 11 degmo oo ka mid ah 9ka gobol ee Puntland ka kooban tahay. Waxa
intaas raacey ergooyin tiradoodu dhantahay 140 qof oo ka qaybgalay Shirweyni-
hii Deneeyeyaasha Puntland oo Garowe lagu qabtay 3dii ilaa 5tii February 2015,
shirkaas oo ansixiyey natiijadii Cilmibaarista. Xarunta Horumarinta Cilmibaarista
iyo Interpeace waxay uga mahadnaqayaan dhammaan dadkii ka qaybqaatay cilm-
ibaarista iyo wax-ku-biirintoodii qiimaha badnayd oo wax-ku-oolka ahayd.
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1 Hordhac
Xarunta Horumarinta Cilmi-baarista Puntland Waxyaabaha u fududeeya Xarunta in ay ku
(XHCP) waa hay’ad aan dawli ahayn oo saldhi- guulaysato hawleheeda waxa ugu mudan in ay
geedu yahay Garowe, Galkacayo-na ku leh laan. kulmiso wakiillada dhammaan qaybaha bulsha-
Xarunta waxa la asaasay bishii November 1999, da Puntland ka kooban tahay, iyada oo hoos u
iyada oo ka xuubsiibatey Hay’addii la oran jirey sii eegeysa qaybaha bulshada ka tirsan ee la ha-
Mashruuca Bulshooyinka dagaalladu Aafeeyeen dhiinaysto ama aan ka-qayb-gal ku lahayn habka
ee Caalamiga ah (War-torn Societies Project go’aan qaadashada, sida haweenka, dhallinyara-
International – WSPI), haatanna loo yaqaan In- da iyo dadka la hayb-sooco. Si looga qaybgeliyo
terpeace. doodaha muhiimka ah, waxa ay xaruntu xaqii-
jisaa in hab-socodka hay’adaha muhiimka u ah
bulsho awood leh iyo dawladnimo si fiican u
Himilada Xarunta: in ay ka qayb-qaa- shaqayneysa ay si dhab ah uga muuqdaan dan-
dato, iyada oo ah daneeye iyo danle, aha kala duwan ee reer Puntland.
nabadda iyo dib-u-dhiska Somalia; ayna
gacan ka gaysato abuuridda isku xukun- Siyaabo kala duwan ayey Xaruntu u hirgelisaa
ka nidaam dimuqraaddi ah, horumarinta in bulshadu wadatashato, iyada oo si gaar-gaar
dhaqaalaha iyo arrimaha bulshada, iyo ah ula xirriira ama isugu keenta madal ballaaran
xurmaynta xuquuqda aadanaha. iyo shirweyneyaal, sidaa oo kalena u qabata tiro
barnaamijyo tababbarro, hawlo wacyi-gelin iyo
barashada madaninimada, kuwaas oo ay kala
Xaruntu waxa ay magac iyo maamuusba ku kas- kaashanayso dawladda, daneeyeyaasha maxalli-
batay in ay noqotay hay’ad ka shaqaysa nabadda ga ah iyo hay’adaha caalamiga ahba. Waxa kale
gobollada Waqooyi-bari Somalia haatanna loo oo ay adeegsataa aaladda maqal-muuqaalka
yaqaan Puntland oo ka soo kabanaysa aafada guur-guura oo ku habboon in si baahsan xog-
Dagaalladu sokeeye (kuwaas oo qarxay san- ta loogu gudbiyo bulshada, doodana lagu dhex
nadkii 1991), iyo weliba colaadihii diimeed iyo dhigo.
fawdadii ka dambaysey.
XHCP/PDRC waxa ay adeegsataa Habka Cil-
Lix iyo tobankii sano ee ina soo dhaafay, xarun- mi-baarista laga wada Qaybgalay (Paticipatry
tu waxa ay ahayd madal dhex-dhexaad ah oo Action Research – PAR), taas oo ku qotonta
lagu wada tashado, lagu heshiiyo, iyada oo guud mabaadii’da lagu xoojinayo awoodaha, horu-
ahaan la adeegsanayo barnaamijyo ay iska kaas- marinta u dhammaanshaha, iyo baadi-goobka
hadeen hay’adda Interpeace. go’aan-qaadasho loo dhan yahay oo heer kasta
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ah. Nuxurka Habka Cilmibaarista laga wadata- ay isla garwaaqsadaan halka ay dhibaatadu salka
shaday waa baadi-goobka xal la isku raacsan ya- ku hayso. Shirarkaasi waxa ay abuureen fursa-
hay in loo helo caqbadaha ay isla soo ogaadeen do lagu soo celinayo is aaminaad, isku kalsoo-
daneeyeyaasha ay khusayso oo dhan. Xalkaasi ni iyo sidoo kale in la yagleelo dawladnimo
waxa uu ku saleysan yahay ka qayb-galka dham- waarta iyo is-xukun. Qoraalladii ka soo baxay
maan qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshada (tusaale cilmibaaristaas waxa ka mid ahaa Maal-gashi-
ahaan in si baahsan looga qaybgeliyo [Gudub ga Mustaqbalka (Funding the Future), oo ku
- Horizontal] iyo in bulshada qaybaheeda asaas- saabsanaa sidii dakhliga guud si wanaagsan
iga ah illaa iyo siyaasiyiinta [Joog - vertical]) laga loogu kharash-garayn lahaa adeegga bulshada,
soo unko. Taasi waxa ay horseedeysaa in la- iyo weliba qoraallo laga qoray dhanka siyaasa-
haanshaheeda ay bulshadu yeelato, ayna ku dda sida Heshiiskii Gobolka Mudug ee 1993dii:
gaaraan go’aan-qaadashada xagga qorsheynta nabad-ka-dhallinta Is-gooysyada iyo Xididdada
iyo maamulkaba. Sannaddihii ina soo dhaafay Dawlad-Wanaagga oo ka hadlayey habka geed-
habkaas cilmi-baarista laga wada-qayb-galay di-socodka Dimuqraadiyadda (Nidaamka Xisbi-
waxa uu saldhig adag u noqday nabadaynta yada Badan).
ay wadeen hay’adaha Interpeace iyo XHCP/
PDRC.
Aragtida Barnaamijka Tiirarka Nabad-
du waa in uu ka unkamo khibraddii
Aragtida “Barnaamijka Wada-tashiga laga helay dhawr iyo toban sano ee
Nabadda” waa in uu bilo oo Dhidibbada nabad iyo dawlad-dhis iyo taakulayntii
u aaso habka nabadaynta iyo dhisma- hay’adaha dawladnimada si loo horu-
ha dawladeed ee Somalia iyada oo la mariyo, isla markaasna dhidibbada loogu
adeegsanayo u-dhammaansho, saldhig aaso baritaarka iyo sii wadidda nabad
cilmibaaris iyo muwaafaqo laga wadata- Soomaaliya oo dhan ka hirgasha iyada
shaday. oo lagu sar-jarayo hannaan muwaafaqo
ku jahaysan oo nabad-dhisid iyo daw-
la-dhisid ku qotoma.
XHCP/PDRC waxa ay hirgelisey tiro barnaam-
ijyo ku qotoma habka cilmi-baarista laga wa-
da-tashaday kuwaas oo ay ku iftiimiso arrimaha Barnaamijka Baadigoobka Nabadda [The
la xiriira colaadaha soo food-saara bulshada Search for Peace (SfP)] ayaa ka soo farcamay kii
reer Puntland si ay uga hawlgalaan, talooyinna ka Horreeyey ee Wada-Tashiga Nabadda, kaas
uga dhiibtaan wax ka qabashada ammuurahaas. oo ka koobnaa in diraasad qoto-dheer lagu
Barnaamijka wada-tashiga Nabadda [The Di- sameeyo colaadaha iyo sidii looga gun-gaari-
alogue for Peace (DfP)], oo la fuliyey intii u lahaa xallintooda iyo waayo-aragnimadii laga
dhexeeysey 2004 iyo 2008, waxa uu geyiga helay dhex-dhexaadintooda. Dheeftii ama
Soomaaliya ee colaaduhu aafayeen ka abuuray mirihii ka dhashay diraasaddaasi waxa u ahaa
madal wada-tashi oo wax-ku-ool ah. Iya- Waayo-aragnimadii Puntland: Abbarta gun-
da oo daneeyeyaasha lagu kulminayey madal ka-unkan ee nabadda iyo dawlad-dhiska (The
dhex-dhexaad ah ama gogosha wada-hadalka Puntland Experience: A Bottom Up Approach
iyo geedka hoostiisa. to Peace and Statebuilding1). Barnaamijka Baa-
Ujeeddada wadahalladaasi waxa ay ahayd in ay 1 Puntland Development and Research Center (PDRC).
uga doodaan arrimaha ka dhexeeya, isla mar- “The Puntland Experience: A Bottom-up Approach to
Peace and State Building.” The Search for Peace: Somalia
kaana xal ugu helaan colaadaha aloosan, marka
Program, in collaboration with Interpeace, 26 July 2011.
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digoobka Nabaddu kuma ekayn oo keliya cilm- siyaasadda ku leeyihiin. Muddadii astayntu so-
ibaarista ammuuraha maxalliga ah ee Soomaal- cotey kooxdu waxa ay la kulmeen cuqaasha/
iya balse waxa kale oo uu diiradda saaray odayaasha, culimada, ururrada bulshada, wakiil-
falanqaynta iyo qiimaynta shirarkii is-daba-joog- lo dadka dan-yarta ah, barakacayaasha, siyaas-
ga ahaa ee lagu baadigoobayey dib-u-heshhisii- iyiin, waxgarad iyo shaqaale beesha caalamka
nata Qaran iyo wixi ka soo baxay. ka tirsan. Meelaha ay kooxda cilmibaaristu soo
booqdeen kuma ekaan oo keliya waraysiyo iyo
Barnaamijka Tiirarka Nabaddu waxa uu ku dood-kooxeedyo, balse waxa ay soo bandhi-
dhisan yahay Khibraddii ay XHCP/PDRC iyo gayeen aflaam (Films) lagu muujinayo guulihii
Interpeace ka heleen shan iyo toban sano oo laga soo hoyey wajigii kowaad ee barnaamijka
ay iska kaashanayeen nabadaynta iyo dhisma- Tiirarka Nabadda waxa ayna isla markaas faafi-
ha dawladnimo. XHCP/PDRC iyo Interpeace nayeen farriimo wacyigelinta madaniga ah.
waxa ay fuliyeen barnaamijyo nabadayn iyo
dawlad-dhisba ah, kuna hirgelisey dhaqan wa- Shirweynihii wadatashi oo ku saabsanaa astayn-
da-hadal, u-dhammaansho, ka-wada-qaybgal iyo tu waxa uu isla waafaqay mugga ay leeyihiin
wada-tashiga qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshada caqabaduhu, halkaas ayey daneeyeyaashu ku an-
iyo maamullada. Barnaamijyadaasi waxa ay ku sixiyeen, mudnaantana u kala siiyeen. Sidaas oo
salaysnaayeen muwaafaqo-raadin, is-kaabid, ka kale, sannadkii 2010, ayaa caqabadahaas loogu
mid ahaansho iyo lahaansho maxalli ah. ansixiyey Shirweynihii Daneeyeyaasha2. Natiija-
da ka soo baxday waxa lagu daabacay qoraal
Wajiga kowaad ee barnaamijka Tiirarka Na- la magac baxay “Asteynta Saldhigga Nabadda”.
baddu waxa uu bilowday horraantii 2009kii Ka dib qabsoomidda Shirweynahaas, Xaruntu
waxa uuna dhammaaday dabayaaqadii 2012. waxa ay ku tallaabsatay fulinta barnaamij cilm-
Wajiga labaad ee barnaamijku waxa uu ku bi- ibaaris oo ay ku baadi-goobeyso tallooyin iyo
lawday diraasad iyo astayn lagu soo ogaanay- hawlgal.
ey Caqabadaha, Fursadaha iyo dadaallada ka
jira Tiirarka Amniga iyo Sarreynta Sharciga, Wajigii kowaad ee barnaamijka Tiirarka Na-
Dimuqraadiyadda iyo Maamul-baahinta. Natii- badda, ee kor ku qeexan, waxa uu curiyey wa-
jadii cilmibaaristaas ayaa lagu soo bandhigay reeg labaad oo cilmibaaris oo uu asaas u yahay
Shirweynihii Daneeyeyaasha Puntland Bishii qoraalkani.
February 2015. Qoraalkani waxa uu xambaar- Tan iyo markii uu bilowday wajiga kowaad ee
san yahay natiijadii ka soo baxday astayntii la barnaamijka Tiirarka Nabaddu, xaaladda Punt-
soo sameeyey iyo weliba macluumaad kale oo land waxa ku dhacay is-beddel weyn, gaar ahaa
la soo ururiyey Shirweynahaas ka dib. saaxadda siyaasadda.
Markii la isku waafaqay aaladaha iyo istrateji-
yada loo adeegsanayo, kooxda cilmibaaristu
2 Xarunta Horumarinta Cilmibaarista Puntlabd “Qpraal-
waxa ay soo booqdeen illaa 11 degmo oo si ka Puntland: Astaynta Caqabada Hortaagan Amniga iyo
taxaddar leh loogu xushay baaxaddooda, halka Sarraynta Sharciga, Geedi-socodka Dimuqraadiyadda iyo
Maamul Baahinta.” Pillars of Peace: Somalia Program, in
ay dhacaan, heerkooda dhaqaale, iyo mugga ay
collaboration with Interpeace, 27 May 2014.
1.1 Xaaladda Mandiqadda
Bishii January 8dii 2014, Puntland waxa ay ka soo samata-baxday qalalaase siyaasadeed,
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