Prudence and Pressure: Reproduction and Human Agency in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900

406 Pages·2010·100.84 MB·English

by  Noriko O. Tsuya

The MIT Press Eurasian Population and Family History Series
Editorial Board: Marco Breschi, Cameron Campbell/ Akira Hayami
(honorary), Christer Lundh, Michel Oris, and Noriko O. Tsuya
Series Editors: James Z. Lee, Tommy Bengtsson, and George Alter
Life under Pressure: Mortality and Living Standards in Europe and Asia,
1700-1900
Tommy Bengtsson, Cameron Campbell, James Z. Lee, et al.
Prudence and Pressure: Reproduction and Human Agency in Europe and
Asia, 1700-1900
Noriko O. Tsuya, Wang Feng, George Alter, James Z. Lee, et al.
Forthcoming:
Similarity in Difference: Marriage in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900
Satomi Kurosu, Christer Lundh, et al.
Prudence and Pressure
Reproduction and Human
Agency in Europe and Asia,
1700-1900
Noriko O. Tsuya, Wang Feng,
George Alter, James Z. Lee,
etal.
The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
© 2010 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any elec
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Prudence and pressure : reproduction and human agency in Europe and Asia, 1700-
1900 / Noriko O. Tsuya ... [et al.].
p, cm. — (The MIT Press Eurasian population and family history series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-262-01352-9 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Fertility, Human—Europe. 2. Europe—Economic conditions. 3. Europe—Social
conditions. 4. Fertility, Human—Asia, 5. Asia—Economic conditions. 6. Asia—Social
conditions.
HB991.A3.P78 2010
304.6'30950903—dc22 2009015565
91769 |
10 9 8 76 5 4 3 21
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Contents
List of Tables, Figures, and Maps vii
Contributors xvii
Series Foreword xix
Acknowledgments xxiii
I Contexts and Models 1
1 Simplicity and Complexity 3
James Z. Lee, Tommy Bengtsson, and Cameron Campbell
2 Previous Paradigms and New Models 23
James Z. Lee, Wang Feng, and Noriko O. Tsuya
3 Reproduction: Models and Sources 39
Noriko O. Tsuya, Cameron Campbell, and Wang Feng
II Comparative Geographies 65
4 Household Organization, Co-resident Kin, and Reproduction 67
Wang Feng, James Z. Lee, Noriko O. Tsuya, and Satomi Kurosu
5 Economic Stress and Reproductive Responses 97
Tommy Bengtsson and Martin Dribe
6 Child Control as a Reproductive Strategy 129
Renzo Derosas and Noriko O. Tsuya
•
Contents
VI
III Local Histories 157
7 Agency, Social Class, and Fertility in Southern Sweden, 1766 to
1865 159
Tommy Bengtsson and Martin Dribe
8 Economic Change and Differential Fertility in Rural Eastern
Belgium, 1812 to 1875 195
George Alter, Muriel Neven, and Michel Oris
9 Patterns of Reproductive Behavior in Preindustrial Italy:
Casalguidi, 1819 to 1859, and Venice, 1850 to 1869 217
Marco Breschi, Renzo Derosas, Matteo Manfredini, and Rosella
Rettaroli
10 Family, Household, and Reproduction in Northeastern Japan, 1716
to 1870 249
I
Noriko O. Tsuya and Satomi Kurosu
11 Agency, Hierarchies, and Reproduction in Northeastern China,
1789 to 1840 287
Wang Feng, Cameron Campbell, and James Z. Lee
IV Conclusion 317
12 Differences and Similarities: Toward a Comparative Historical
Social Science 319
James Z. Lee, Wang Feng, and Noriko O. Tsuya
References 329
Index 363
Tables, Figures, and Maps
*
Tables
Table 1.1 Economic and demographic responses to short-
term economic stress
Table 1.2 Types and time periods of data sources used in
the analyses of fertility and reproduction by the
*
Eurasia Project 13
Table 2.1 Percentage distributions of household relation
ships among ever-married women and men
aged 15 to 54 in rural communities in four pre-
industrial populations in Europe and Asia 29
Table 2.2 Percentage of currently married women aged 15
to 49 who co-reside with parents and married
children by birth interval in rural communities in
five preindustrial populations in Europe and
Asia 30
Table 2.3 Percentage distributions of occupations of house
hold heads of currently married women aged 15
to 49 in rural communities in five preindustrial
populations in Europe and Asia 31
Table 3.1 Measures of individual, household, and commu
nity characteristics used in the comparative anal
yses of marital reproduction by the Eurasia
Project 44
Table 3.2 Summary of data used in the comparative
analyses of marital reproduction by the Eurasia
Project 54
Tables, Figures, and Maps
VIII
Table 3.3 Age-specific fertility rates (per 1,000) and the
total fertility rate per woman: Preindustrial rural
populations studied by the Eurasia Project 55
Table 3.A1 Estimated effects (relative risks) of individual,
household, and community characteristics on the
likelihood of another birth for currently married
women ages 15 to 49 with one or more previous
children 59
Table 4.1 Characteristics of households of currently
married women aged 15 to 49 in rural commun
ities in five preindustrial populations in Europe
and Asia 72
Table 4.2 Estimated effects (relative risks) of household
type, household size and age composition, and
household socioeconomic status on the likeli
hoods of first marital births: Rural communities
in five preindustrial populations in Europe and
Asia 76
Table 4.3 Estimated effects (relative risks) of household
type, household size and age composition, and
household socioeconomic status on the likeli
hoods of second or later marital births: Rural
communities in five preindustrial populations in
Europe and Asia 78
Table 4.4 Estimated effects (relative risks) of spousal age
difference, presence of kin, and women's house
hold relationships on the likelihoods of first
marital births: Rural communities in five pre
industrial populations in Europe and Asia 84
Table 4.5 Estimated effects (relative risks) of spousal age
difference, presence of kin, and women's house
hold relationships on the likelihoods of second or
later marital births: Rural communities in five
preindustrial populations in Europe and Asia 86
Table 5.1 Estimated fertility/reproductive effects of a 10
percent increase in grain prices 113
Table 5.2 Estimated fertility/reproductive effects of a 10
percent increase in grain prices by household
socioeconomic status 118
Tables, Figures, and Maps
IX
Table 5.3 Estimated fertility/reproductive effects of a 10
percent increase in grain prices by number of
children ever born/observed among women with
two or more children 122
Table 5.4 Estimated fertility/reproductive effects of a 10
percent increase in grain prices by sex composi
tion of surviving children among women with
two or more children 124
Table 6.1 Sex ratio of observed births by the number and
sex of surviving children (males per 100 females):
Rural communities in five preindustrial popula
tions in Europe and Asia 145
Table 6.2 Estimated effects (relative risks) of the number
and sex of surviving children on the probability
of having another recorded birth by sex of birth
among women with at least one birth: Rural
communities in five preindustrial populations in
Europe and Asia 147
Table 6.3 Estimated effects (relative risks) of the number
and sex of surviving children on the probability
of a neonatal death: Rural communities in three
preindustrial European populations 150
Table 7.1 Percentage of households by social group in four
Scanian parishes, 1766 to 1865 162
Table 72 Total fertility rate and total marital fertility rate in
Sweden and four Scanian parishes, 1766 to 1865 168
Table 7.3 Estimated effects (relative risks) of individual,
household, and community characteristics on the
likelihood of a birth for currently married women
aged 15 to 49 in four Scanian parishes, 1766 to
1865 172
Table 7.4 Coale-Trussell indexes of marital fertility by
period and social status in four Scanian parishes,
1766 to 1865 175
Table 7.5 Estimated effects of household socioeconomic
status and food prices on the likelihood of second
and higher order births of currently married
women aged 15 to 49 in four Scanian parishes,
1766 to 1865
181
Tables, Figures, and Maps
Table 7.6 Estimated effects of food prices on the likelihood
of second and higher order births in different
socioeconomic groups after controlling for
women's age, parish of residence, parish of
origin, age difference between spouses, age at
first birth, and status of preceding child for
currently married women aged 15 to 49 in four
Scanian parishes, 1766 to 1865 183
Table 7.7 Effects of a 10 percent increase in food prices on
the likelihood of second and higher order births
by women's age, socioeconomic status, parish
of residence, parish of origin, age difference
between spouses, age at first birth, and status of
preceding child for currently married women
aged 15 to 49 in four Scanian parishes, 1766 to
1865 186
Table 7.8 Estimated effects of a 10 percent increase in food
prices on the likelihood of second and higher
order births for different socioeconomic groups
and time periods for currently married women
aged 15 to 49 in four Scanian parishes, 1766 to
1865 187
Table 7.9 Estimated effects of a 10 percent increase in food
prices on the likelihood of second and higher
order births by quarter of a year for currently
married women aged 15 to 49 in landless house
holds in four Scanian parishes, 1815 to 1865 189
Table 7.10 Estimated effects (relative risks) of thresholds in
food prices on the likelihood of second and
higher order births for currently married women
aged 15 to 49 in landless households in four
Scanian parishes, 1815 to 1865
190
Table 8.1 Total fertility rate, total marital fertility rate
above age 20, and the Coale-Trussell indexes of
marital fertility by decade for Sart, 1812 to 1899 203
Table 8.2 Total marital fertility rate above age 20 and the
Coale-Trussell indexes of marital fertility by
household socioeconomic status for Sart, 1812 to
1846 and 1847 to 1875 204