Pan-Islam: History and Politics

449 Pages·2015·39.52 MB·English

by  Jacob M. Landau

ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS:
POLITICS OF THE MIDDLE EAST
Volume 15
PAN-ISLAM
Page Intentionally Left Blank
PAN-ISLAM
History and Politics
JACOB M. LANDAU
Firstpublishedin1990asThePoliticsofPan-IslambyOxfordUniversityPress
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The Politics of
Pan-Islam
Ideology and Organization
JACOB M. LANDAU
CLARENDON PRESS · OXFORD
1990
Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford ox2 6DP
Oxford New York Toronto
Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi
Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo
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and associated companies in
Berlin Ibadan
Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Press
Published in the United States
by Oxford University Press. New York
©Jacob M. Landau r990
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic.
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. without the prior
permission of Oxford University Press
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Landau, Jacob M. I924-
The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization.
1. Islamic political ideologies
I. Ti tie
320.\'\
ISBN o-19-827709-1
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Landau, Jacob M.
The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization/Jacob M.
Landau.
p. em.
Includes bibliographical references.
r. Panislamism-History. 2. Islamic countries-Politics
and government. /. Title.
DS3<;.7L36 1989. 320.<;'49'091767 1-dc2o 89-23007
ISBN o-19-827709--1:
Set by Best-set Typesetter Ltd. . Hong Kong
Printed in Great Britain by
Courier International Ltd.
Tiptree, Essex
There is a dry wind blowing through the East, and
the parched grasses wait the spark ... Islam is the
only thing to knit up such a scattered empire.
(John Buchan, Greenmantle)
Acknowledgements
Most books owe a great deal to the advice and co-operation
offered to their authors. This is certainly true of the present
work, which attempts to comprise a large span, timewise and
spacewise.
Among those who have generously given me their time and
counsel are the following: Professors Bernard Lewis of Phila-
delphia, Elie Kedourie and Anthony D. Smith of London,
Albert H. Hourani of Oxford, Farhad Kazemi of New York
City, Zekai Ertugrul Okte of Istanbul, and Erciimend Kuran
and Orhan Kologlu of Ankara. My assistant at the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Gershon Lokay, has demonstrated no
less resourcefulness in locating material than zeal in photo-
copying it. I am greatly indebted to them all, but the final
responsibility is of course mine.
Grants from the Truman Research Institute, Jerusalem; St
Antony's College, Oxford; and the Sherman Foundation,
London, have assisted me in travel to and research of various
archives and libraries, to all of which I would like to express
my gratitude.
Finally, very special thanks are due to Oxford University
Press, most particularly to Dr Henry Hardy, Nina Curtis, Janet
Moth, Elizabeth Sweeney, Jane Robson, and David Neuhaus.
J.M.L.
November I988
Contents
List of Abbreviations vm
Introduction I
I. The Hamidian Era: An Imperial Ideology 9
II. The Young Turk Era: Pan-Islam in Peace and War 73
III. Pan-Islam Clashes with the Russian and Soviet
Authorities I43
IV. Turkey Opts Out, while India's Muslims Get
Involved I 76
V. Between Two World Wars: The Convention Age 2I6
VI. Pan-Islam in Recent Years: New Ideologies and
Formal Organization 248
Conclusion 304
Appendices 3 I 3
Selected Bibliography 382
Index 427