Oxford American College Dictionary

1704 Pages·2002·611.407 MB·English

by  Oxford University Press

TIAL RESOURCE
T NAME IN REFERENCE
• The first college dictionary
ever compiled by Oxford University Press
• More than 400,000 entries and definitions
•More than 1,000 illustrations,
including line drawings, photographs, and maps
From the most respected reference pub'
Usher in the world, Oxford University Press,
here is the first college dictionary for the
twentyTirst century.
The Oxford American College Dictionary is com'
pletely new, designed to be the best language
reference tool available for convenient everyday
use. Drawing on Oxford’s vast language resources,
including a 200'million'Word database and the
unparalleled citation files of the Oxford English
Dictionary, this college dictionary features:
• more than 400,000 entries and definitions
• more than 1,000 illustrations, including
line drawings, photographs, and maps
• shaded boxes highlighting important
statistical information on more than
180 countries
The result is an all-American college dictionary
that sets a new standard of excellence, providing
the in-depth and up-to-date information that
readers expect from the first college dictionary
created by the top name in reference publishing.
(Continued on back flap)

The Oxford American College Dictionary

The Oxford American College Dictionary
G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
NEW YORK
G. P. Putnam’s Sons
Publishers Since 1838
a member of
Penguin Putnam Inc.
375 Hudson Street
New York, NY 10014
Copyright © 2002 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission
of Oxford University Press.
The Oxford American College Dictionary is based on The New Oxford American
Dictionary published in 2001.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Oxford American college dictionary,
p. cm.
ISBN 0-399-14415-3 (acid-free paper)
1. English language—Dictionaries. I. Oxford University Press.
PE1628.08614 2002 2002019080
423—dc21
This book includes some words that are, or are asserted to be, proprietary names or
trademarks. Their inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposes a
nonproprietary or general significance, nor is any other judgment implied concerning
their legal status. In cases where the editor has some evidence that a word is used as a
proprietary name or trademark, this is indicated by the designation trademark, but no
judgment concerning the legal status of such words is made or implied thereby.
Printed in the United States of America
13579 10 8642
This book is printed on acid-free paper. ©
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Contents
Editorial Staff vi
Preface vii
How to Use This Dictionary ix
Key to the Pronunciations xiii
The Oxford American College Dictionary 1
Ready Reference 1667
The History of English 1669
Usage Guide 1673
Punctuation Guide 1677
Illustration Credits 1680
Staff
Managing Editor Pronunciations Editors
Christine A. Lindberg Linda M. Costa
John Bollard
Senior Editor Sharon Goldstein
Artemis Grace Anne Marie Hamilton
Katherine Isaacs
Ellen Johnson
Staff Project Editors
William Kretzschmar
Debra Argosy
Rima McKinzey
Suzanne Stone Burke
Lisa Cohen Minnick
Linda M. Costa
Katherine Sietsema
Joseph M. Patwell
Susan Tamasi
Matthew Zimmerman
Editors
Frank R. Abate
Proofreaders
Orin Hargraves
John Bollard
Alan Hartley
Joan Carlson
Archie Hobson
Karen A. Fisher
Nancy LaRoche
Joseph Colpibene
Martha Mayou
Adrienne Makowski
Sue Ellen Thompson
Marjorie Mueller
Olivia P. Sittenheimer
Editorial Assistants
John Sollami
Sandra Ban
Matthew Byrne
Keyboarders
Frederick T. Gerhardt
Martin Coleman
Julie Elizabeth Gerhardt
Badger Q. Greene
Wayne Glowka
Loretta Guppy
Andrea R. Nagy
JoAnn Magyarik
Adrienne Makowski
Production Coordinator
Kimberly Roberts
Karen A. Fisher
Technical Support
Illustrators Richard L. Holton
Debra Argosy James Marra
Marta Cone Erin McKean
Elizabeth Gaus Holly Martins
Matthew Hansen
Mike Maikovas Additional Support
Susan Van Winkle Ralph Costa
Megan A. Fisher
Type Compositor Joseph Patek
Stephen Perkins, dataformat.com Haras G. Snevets