Table Of ContentOperative Pediatric Surgery
SERIES EDITORS
R.C.G. Russell MS FRCS
Consultant Surgeon, The Middlesex Hospital, London, UK
Henry A. Pitt MD
Professor of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
ART EDITOR
Gillian Lee FMAA HonFIMI AMI RMIP
Gillian Lee Illustrations, 15 Little Plucketts Way, Buckhurst Hill, Essex
Operative Pediatric Surgery
SIXTH EDITION
Edited by
Lewis Spitz MBChB, PhD, MD(Hon), FRCS, FRCS(Edin), FRCSI(Hon), FAAP(Hon), FRCPCH,
FCS(SA)(Hon)
Nuffield Professor of Paediatric Surgery
Institute of Child Health
University College London;
and Consultant Paediatric Surgeon
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children
London, UK
Arnold G. Coran MD
Professor of Surgery
Section of Pediatric Surgery
CS Mott Children’s Hospital
University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, MI, USA
A member of the Hodder Headline Group
Fourth edition published in Great Britain in 1994 by Butterwoth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd.
Fifth edition published in Great Britain in 1995 by Chapman and Hall
This sixth edition published in 2006 by Hodder Arnold, an imprint of Hodder Education,
an Hachette UK Company, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH
http://www.hoddereducation.com
Distributed in the United States of America by
Oxford University Press Inc.,
198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY10016
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
©2006 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd
All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, this
publicationmay only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form, or by any
meanswith prior permission in writing of the publishers or in the case of
reprographicproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the
CopyrightLicensing Agency. In the United Kingdom such licences are issued by the
Copyright Licensing Agency: Saffron House 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Hodder Headline’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable
products and made from wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing
processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
Whilst the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the
date of going to press, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal
responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In particular (but
without limiting the generality of the preceding disclaimer) every effort has been made to
check drug dosages; however it is still possible that errors have been missed. Furthermore,
dosage schedules are constantly being revised and new side-effects recognized. For these
reasons the reader is strongly urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions
before administering any of the drugs recommended in this book.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978 0 340 81340 9
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Commissioning Editor: Sarah Burrows
Production Editor: Naomi Wilkinson
Production Controller: Joanna Walker
Cover Designer: Georgina Hewitt
Indexer: Indexing Specialists Ltd (www.indexing.co.uk)
Typeset in 10 on 12pt Minion by Phoenix Photosetting, Chatham, Kent
Printed and bound in the UK by MPG Books, Bodmin
Text printed on FSC accredited material
What do you think about this book? Or any other Hodder Arnold title?
Please send your comments to www.hoddereducation.com
Contents
Contributors xi
Contributing medical artists xv
Preface xvii
List of abbreviations used xix
Section I: General 1
1. Preoperative and postoperative management of the neonate 3
Russell Woo and Craig T. Albanese
2. Pediatric anesthesia 15
Robert Bingham and Angela Mackersie
3. Vascular access 25
Niyi Ade-Ajayi and Derek Roebuck
Section II: Head and Neck 43
4. Ranula 45
Charles F. Koopmann Jr
5. Thyroglossal cyst and fistula 53
Lewis Spitz
6. Branchial cysts, sinuses, and fistulas 59
John R. Wesley
7. External angular dermoid cyst 67
Paul R.V. Johnson
8. Sternocleidomastoid torticollis 71
Ronald B. Hirschl
9. Tracheostomy 77
C. Martin Bailey
10. Cervical lymphatic malformation 87
Steven J. Fishman
11. Preauricular sinus 93
Paul R.V. Johnson
Section III: Thoracic 97
12. Thoracic surgery: general principles of access 99
David A. Lloyd
13. Esophageal atresia with and without tracheoesophageal fistula 109
Lewis Spitz and N.M. Bax
vi Contents
14. Cervical esophagostomy 121
Lewis Spitz
15. H-type tracheoesophageal fistula 125
Lewis Spitz
16. Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula 129
Lewis Spitz
17. Aortopexy 133
Edward Kiely
18. Esophageal replacement with colon 137
William T. Adamson and Edward P. Tagge
19. Gastric replacement of the esophagus 145
Lewis Spitz
20. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 153
Charles J.H. Stolar
21. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: neonatal vascular cannulation 159
Thomas Pranikoff and Ronald B. Hirschl
22. Eventration of the diaphragm 167
Robert E. Cilley and Arnold G. Coran
23. Lung surgery 175
James Geiger and Saleem Islam
24. Empyema 187
Casey M. Calkins and George W. Holcomb III
25. Mediastinal masses 197
Robert C. Shamberger
26. Surgical treatment of chest wall deformities in children 209
Robert C. Shamberger, Donald Nuss, and Michael J. Goretsky
27. Patent ductus arteriosus 227
Neil J. Sherman and James E. Stein
28. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy 231
Edward Kiely
Section IV: Abdominal 235
29. Hernias in children 237
Scott A. Engum and Jay L. Grosfeld
30. Omphalocele/exomphalos 257
Thomas R. Weber
31. Gastroschisis 267
Marshall Z. Schwartz and Shaheen J. Timmapuri
32. Abdominal surgery: general principles of access 279
David A. Lloyd
33. The ergonomics of laparoscopic surgery 289
Hock-Lim Tan
34. Laparoscopy in infants and children 293
Thom E. Lobe and Tarun Kumar
Contents vii
35. Gastroesophageal reflux: Nissen fundoplication 305
Lewis Spitz
36. Laparoscopic fundoplication 315
Hock-Lim Tan
37a. Achalasia 321
Lewis Spitz
37b. Laparoscopic Heller’s cardiomyotomy 331
Hock-Lim Tan
38. Gastrostomy 339
Michael W.L. Gauderer
39. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy 357
Robert E. Cilley and Peter W. Dillon
40. Pyloromyotomy 367
Thom E. Lobe and Tarun Kumar
41. Duodenoduodenostomy 377
Robert E. Cilley and Arnold G. Coran
42. Malrotation 383
Lewis Spitz, N.M. Bax, and D.C. van der Zee
43. Congenital atresia and stenosis of the small intestine 393
Heinz Rode and Alp Numanoglu
44. Meconium ileus 405
Frederick J. Rescorla and Jay L. Grosfeld
45. Vitellointestinal (omphalomesenteric) duct anomalies 419
Spencer W. Beasley
46. Duplications of the alimentary tract 433
Jacob C. Langer and Stig Somme
47. Intussusception 445
Melanie Hiorns and Joe Curry
48. Appendectomy: open and laparoscopic approaches 455
Christopher R. Moir
49. Necrotizing enterocolitis 467
Nigel J. Hall and Agostino Pierro
50. Anorectal malformations 479
Alberto Peña and Marc A. Levitt
51. Cloaca 503
Alberto Peña and Marc A. Levitt
52. Rectal biopsies 521
Mark Davenport and Lewis Spitz
53. Laparoscopic pull-through in the neonate 525
Daniel J. Robertson and Keith E. Georgeson
54. Malone procedure for antegrade continence enemas 537
Padraig S.J. Malone
55. Hirschsprung disease 549
Daniel H. Teitelbaum and Arnold G. Coran
viii Contents
56. Inflammatory bowel disease 573
Daniel H. Teitelbaum and Arnold G. Coran
57. Rectal polyps 591
Joseph L. Lelli Jr
58. Anal fissure and anal fistula 595
Evelyn G.P. Ong and Agostino Pierro
59. Colonoscopy 601
P.J. Milla
60. Rectal prolapse 611
Emma J. Parkinson and Agostino Pierro
61. Colostomy: formation and closure 619
David A. Lloyd
62. Bowel-lengthening procedures 633
A. Bianchi
63. Management of portal hypertension 645
Frederick M. Karrer
64. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy 655
Hock-Lim Tan
65. Surgery for biliary atresia 661
Mark Davenport
66. Choledochal cyst 673
Mark D. Stringer
67. Laparoscopic splenectomy 683
Thom E. Lobe and Tarun Kumar
Section V: Tumors 687
68. Liver resections 689
John K. Petty and Frederick M. Karrer
69. Surgical management of Wilms’ tumor 703
Patrick G.Duffy and Peter Cuckow
70. Neuroblastoma 709
Edward Kiely
71. Rhabdomyosarcoma 717
Richard J. Andrassy
72. Sacrococcygeal teratoma 725
Moti M. Chowdhury and Agostino Pierro
73. Surgery for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia 733
Lewis Spitz
Section VI: Urology 739
74. Pelviureteric junction obstruction 741
Julian Wan and David A. Bloom
75. Laparoscopic Anderson–Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty 753
Hock-Lim Tan
Contents ix
76. Partial nephrectomy 761
Michael L. Ritchey
77. Laparoscopic nephrectomy and heminephrectomy 767
Imran Mushtaq
78. Vesicoureteric reflux: endoscopic correction 779
Prem Puri
79. Surgical treatment of vesicoureteric reflux 783
Pierre Mouriquand
80. Ureteric duplication 793
L.S.L. McCarthy and D.T. Wilcox
81. Urinary diversion in children 805
D.T. Wilcox and P. Godbole
82. Surgery of renal calculi 823
Patrick G. Duffy
83. Posterior urethral valve 831
Ian A. Aaronson
84. Hypospadias repair 841
John M. Park and David A. Bloom
85. Orchidopexy 861
John M. Hutson
86. Testicular torsion 871
Su-Anna M. Boddy and N.P. Madden
87. Circumcision, meatotomy, and meatoplasty 877
Imran Mushtaq
88. Bladder exstrophy closure and epispadias 887
Peter Cuckow and Pedro-José López
89. Surgical reconstruction of intersex abnormalities 915
Patricia K. Donahoe, Rafael V. Pieretti, and Jay J. Schnitzer
90 Cysts and tumors of the ovary 929
Deborah F. Billmire
Section VII: Neuromuscular and Skeletal 935
91. Myelomeningocele 937
Karin Muraszko
92. Ventricular shunting procedure 947
Dominic N.P. Thompson
Section VIII:Trauma 955
93. Surgical treatment of thermal injuries 957
Heinz Rode and D.M. Heimbach
94. Management of major abdominal trauma 965
Steven Stylianos and Mark V. Mazziotti
