Nitric Oxide Part C: Biological and Antioxidant Activities

642 Pages·1999·11.25 MB·English

by  Lester Packer (Eds.)

METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
John N. Abelson Melvin I. Simon
DIVISION OF BIOLOGY
CALIFORNIA lNSlTlUl’E Ok-l-ECHNOLUCIY
PASADENA. CALIFORNIA
FOUNDING EDITORS
Sidney P. Colowick and Nathan 0. Kaplan
Methods in Enzymology
Volume 301
Nitric Oxide
Part C: Biological and Antioxidant Activities
EDITED BY
Lester Packer
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
BEKKELEY. CALIFORNIA
Editorial Advisory Board
Bruce N. Ames
Joseph Beckman
Enrique Cadenas
Victor Darley-Usmar
Bruce Freeman
Matthew Grisham
Barry Halliwell
Louis J. Ignarro
Hiroe Nakazawa
William Pryor
Helmut Sies
ACADEMIC PRESS
San Diego London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto
Contributors to Volume 301
elcitrA numbers era ni parentheses gniwollof cht names of .srotubirtnoc
snoitailiffA listed era .tnerruc
THEODORUS P. M. AKERBOOM (15), Institut Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidel-
far Physiologische Chemie ,I Heinrich- berg, Germany
Heine-Universitdt, Diisseldorf,, Germany
AALT BAST (50), Department of Pharma-
WENDY K. ALDERTON (12), Glaxo Wellcome cology, Universiteit Maastricht, 6200 MD
Research and Development, Medicines Re- Maastricht, The Netherlands
search Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire
MICHAEL B.~TZ (54), lnstitut fiir Organische
SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
Chemie, Universitiit Essen, D-45117 Es-
J. STEVEN ALEXANDER (1), Department of
sen, Germany
Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisi-
ana State University Medical Center, JOSEPH S. BECKMAN (36, 39, 41), Departments
Shreveport, Louisiana 71130 of Anesthesiology and Biochemistry, Uni-
versity of Alabama, Birmingham, Ala-
EMILE ANDRIAMBELOSON (53), Laboratoire
bama 35294
de Pharmacologie et de Physiologie Cellu-
laires, Facult~ de Pharmacie, Universit~ NIGEL BENJAMIN (10), Department of Clinical
Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, 67401 lllkirch Pharmacology, .tS Bartholomew's" Hospital
Cedex, France and The Royal London School of Medicine
RAMAROSON ANDRIANTSITOHAINA (53), La- and Dentistry, London EC1, United
boratoire de Pharmacologie et de Physiolo- Kingdom
gie Cellulaires, Facult~ de Pharmacie, Uni- ALLISON HTROWSDOOLB (47), Departments of
versit~ Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, 67401 Anesthesiology and Biochemistry and Mo-
lllkirch Cedex, France lecular Genetics, University of Alabama,
NICHOLAS M. ANSTEY (6), Menzies School of Birmingham, Alabama 35233
Health Research and Division of Medicine, RACHEL M. BOLZAN (19), Biodynamics Insti-
Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, tute, Louisiana State University, Baton
0810 Australia Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1800
DANIEL BALLMAIER (33), Institute of Phar-
ALBERTO BOVERIS (20), School of Pharmacy,
macy, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz,
University of Southern California, Los
Germany
Angeles, California 90033
Luxs BARBEITO (41), Secci6n Neurociencias,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la KARLIS BRIVIBA (32, 33), Institute of Physio-
logical Chemistry I, University of -less~iD
Repfiblica, and Divisi6n Neurobiologia
dorf, D-40001 D~isseldorf, Germany
Celular y Molecular, lnstituto Clemente
Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay ENRIQUE CADENAS (20), Department of Mo-
NEHPETS BARNES (47), Departments of Phar- lecular Pharmacology and Toxicology,
macology and Toxicology and Comprehen- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern
sive Cancer Center Mass Spectrometry California, Los Angeles, California 90033
Shared Facility, University of Alabama, Bir- RICHARD CAMMACK (30), Centre for the Study
mingham, Alabama 35233 of Metals in Biology and Medicine, King's
HELMUT BARTSCH (5), Division of Toxicology College London, London W8 7AH,
and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer United Kingdom
xi
xii CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 301
DANAE UOLUODOTSIRHC (43), Laboratory of JASON P. E1SERICH (47, 48), Department of
evitarapmoC ,sisenegonicraC National -naC Anesthesiology, University of Alabama,
rec Institute, FRDC, Frederick, Maryland Birmingham, Alabama 33253
20712 BERND EPE (33), Institute of Pharmacy, -inU
PHILLIP H. CHUMLEY (47), Departments of ytisrev of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
Anesthesiology and Biochemistry and Mo- MICHAEL J. EPPIHIMER (2), Department of
lecular Genetics, University of Alabama, raluceloM and ralulleC Physiology, Louisi-
Birmingham, Alabama 33253 ana State University Medical Center,
,tropeverhS Louisiana 03117
ELLEN I. CLOSS (9), Department of Pharma-
ALVARO G. ESTI~VEZ (39, 41), Department of
cology, Johannes Gutenberg ,ytisrevinU
Anesthesiology and The UAB Center for
10155 Mainz, Germany
Free Radical Biology, University of Ala-
DEBORAH COFFIN (43), Tumor Biology Sec- bama, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, and
tion, Radiation Biology Branch, National Seccidn Neurociencias, Facultad ed Cien-
recnaC ,etutitsnI ,adsehteB Maryland 29802 ,saic Universidad ed al Repftblica, 11200
JOHN C. Cook (21, 43), Tumor Biology Sec- ,oedivetnoM yaugurU
tion, Radiation Biology Branch, National PAT EVANS (35), International Antioxidant
recnaC ,etutitsnI ,adsehteB Maryland 29802 hcraeseR ,ertneC King's ,egelloC London
SW3 6LX, United Kingdom
LIDIA E. COSTA (20), Department of -uceloM
ral Pharmacology and Toxicology, School PABLO FORXE (10), Department of lacinilC
of Pharmacy, University of Southern -ilaC ,ygolocamrahP .tS Bartholomew's Hospital
fornia, Los Angeles, California 33009 and ehT Royal London School of enicideM
and Dentistry, London EC1, United
CARROLL E. CROSS (48), retneC for -arapmoC
Kingdom
tive Respiratory Biology and ,enicideM De-
JANE E. FREEDMAN (7), Department of
partment of Internal Medicine, ytisrevinU
enicideM and Pharmacology, Georgetown
of ,ainrofilaC Davis, California 61659
ytisrevinU Medical Center, Washington,
JOHN P. CROW (16, 38), Department of Anes- DC 70002
thesiology, University of Alabama, Bir- BRUCE A. FREEMAN (37, 47), Departments of
mingham, Alabama 49253 Anesthesiology and Biochemistry and Mo-
RAFAEL CUETO (19), Biodynamics ,etutitsnI lecular Genetics and ehT Center for Free
Louisiana State ,ytisrevinU Baton Rouge, Radical Biology, University of Alabama,
Louisiana 0081-30807 Birmingham, Alabama 49253
VICTOR DARLEV-USMAR (31, 47), Department CHOKOH GENKA (42), Department of -loisyhP
ogy, School of ,enicideM Tokai ,ytisrevinU
of Pathology, Division of Molecular and
Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa ,11-952
ralulleC Pathology and ehT retneC for eerF
napaJ
Radical Biology, University of Alabama,
Birmingham, Alabama 49253 PEDRAM GHAFOURIFAR (40), Laboratorium
flit Biochemie, ehcsissOnegdiE ehcsinhceT
WtLLIAM DEGRAFF (21), Tumor Biology -ceS
,eluhcshcoH CH-8092 Zarich, Switzerland
tion, Radiation Biology Branch, National
YOUNG-MI Go (52), Department of Pathol-
recnaC ,etutitsnI ,adsehteB Maryland 29802
ogy, University of Alabama, Birmingham,
ANA DENICOLA (37), Departamento ed -ocisiF Alabama 49253
Qulmica Biol6gica, Facultad ed ,saicneiC STEVEN P. A. GOSS (46), Biophysics hcraeseR
dadisrevinU ed al Reptblica, 11800 Monte- ,etutitsnI Medical College of ,nisnocsiW
,oediv yaugurU Milwaukee, Wisconsin 9050-62235
Lu~s ECHEGOYEN (25), Chemistry Depart- ANDREW Gow (38), Department of ,enicideM
ment, University of Miami, Coral ,selbaG Duke University, Durham, North Caro-
adirolF 42133 lina 01772
CONTRmUTORS TO VOLUME 301 xiii
D. NEIL GRANGER (2, 44), Department of Mo- sity, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-
ralucel and ralulleC Physiology, Louisiana ,11 Japan
State University Medical Center, Shreve- ANDREW JENNER (48), evitarenegedorueN
port, Louisiana 03117 sesaesiD Research ,ertneC King's ,egelloC
DONALD L. GRANGER (6), Department of In- ytisrevinU of London, London SW3 6LX,
lanret ,enicideM Division of Infectious Dis- detinU Kingdom
,sesae ytisrevinU of Utah School of -ideM YANBIN Jl (15), Department of ,yrtsimehcoiB
,enic Salt Lake City, Utah 23148 Iowa State ,ytisrevinU Ames, Iowa 11005
MATrnEw B. GRISnAM (21, 23, 43, 45), -eD HANJOONG Jo (52), Department of ,ygolohtaP
partment of raluceloM dna ralulleC -loisyhP raluceloM dna ralulleC Division, ytisrevinU
ogy, Louisiana State University Medical of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 49253
,retneC Shreveport, Louisiana 2393-03117 DAVID JOURD'HEUIL (23, 43, 45), Department
ZHENGMAO Guo (27), Chemistry Depart- of raluceloM dna ralulleC Physiology, Lou-
ment, Wayne State University, Detroit, isiana State University Medical ,retneC
nagihciM 20284 ,tropeverhS Louisiana 2393-03117
GUIDO R. M. M. HAENEN (50), Department B. NAMARANAYLAK (18, 46), Biophysics -eR
of Pharmacology, tietisrevinU ,thcirtsaaM hcraes ,etutitsnI Medical egelloC of -nocsiW
0026 MD ,thcirtsaaM ehT sdnalrehteN sin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 9050-62235
ANDRES KAMAID (41), Divisi6n Neurobi-
BARRY HALLIWELL (35, 48), InternationalAn-
aigolo Celular y ,raluceloM Instituto -elC
tioxidant Research Centre, and Neurode-
mente ,elbatsE 00611 Montevideo, yaugurU
evitareneg sesaesiD hcraeseR ,ertneC King's
,egelloC University of London, London DAVID KANG (23), Department of ,ygoloiB
SW3 6LX, United Kingdom Boston ,ytisrevinU Boston, sttesuhcassaM
51220
HAJIME HIGUCHI (44), Department of lanretnI
,enicideM School of ,enicideM Keio -revinU HAKIM KAROUI (18), Biophysics hcraeseR In-
,etutits Medical College of ,nisnocsiW Mil-
sity, Tokyo ,2858-061 Japan
,eekuaw Wisconsin 9050-62235
NEro HOGG (18, 46), Biophysics hcraeseR In-
JOHN F. KEANEY, JR. (7), Department of -deM
,etutits Medical egelloC of ,nisnocsiW Mil-
,enici Boston Medical ,retneC Boston, Mas-
,eekuaw Wisconsin 9050-62235
sttesuhcas 81120
N~EL C. HOGLEN (49), Department of -rahP
EEMGNUS KIM (43), Tumor Biology ,noitceS
macology dna Toxicology, retneC for Toxi-
noitaidaR Biology ,hcnarB National recnaC
,ygoloc egelloC of ,ycamrahP ytisrevinU of
,etutitsnI Bethesda, Maryland 29802
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 7020-12758
S. BRUCE KING (22), Department of -simehC
NUHCGNOY HOU (26), yrtsimehC ,tnemtrapeD
,yrt Wake Forest ,ytisrevinU Winston-Sa-
Wayne State ,ytisrevinU Detroit, nagihciM
,mel North aniloraC 90172
20284
MARION KIRK (47), Departments of -amrahP
MARTIN N. HUGHES (30), Department of cology and Toxicology, ytisrevinU of Ala-
,yrtsimehC King's egelloC London, ,dnartS ,amab Birmingham, Alabama 33253
London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
REINHARD KISSNER (36), Laboratorium far
HARRY SOLUOPORIHCSI (38), Stokes hcraeseR Anorganische Chemie, ehcsissOnegdiE
Institute dna Departments of ,scirtaideP ehcsinhceT Hochschule, CH-8092 Zarich,
Biochemistry and Biophysics, Children's dnalreztiwS
Hospital of aihpledalihP and ytisrevinU of
LARS-OLIVER KLOTZ (32), lnstitut far Physi-
,ainavlysnneP Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ehcsigolo Chemie 1 und -ideM-hcsigoloiB
8134-40191
zinisches Forschungszentrum, Heinrich-
HIDEYUKI ISHIDA (42), Department of Physi- -enieH ,tiitisrevinU D-40001 Dfisseldorf,
ology, School of ,enicideM Tokai -revinU ynamreG
xiv CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 301
HIROTSU6U KOBUCHI (51), ytisrevinU of -ilaC MATTHEW C. MALAND (52), Department of
fornia, Berkeley, California 0023-02749 Pathology, University of Alabama, Bir-
mingham, Alabama 49253
V. KOLB-BACHOEEN (13), Research Group
lmmunobiology 14.80, MED-Heinrich- GIOVANNI E. MANN (9), ralucsaV Biology -eR
-enieH University, D-40225 Diisseldorf, search Centre, School of Biomedical Sci-
ynamreG ,secne King's egelloC London, London W8
,A7 United Kingdom
NEIL W. KOO¥ (38), Department of ,scirtaideP
ytisrevinU of lowa, Iowa City, Iowa 24225 PAVEL MARTASEK (8, 18), Department of Bio-
,yrtsimehc University of Texas Health Sci-
WILLEM H. KOPPENOL (36), Laboratorium far
ence Center, naS Antonio, Texas -48287
Anorganische Chemie, ehcsissOnegdiE
0677
ehcsinhceT Hochschule, CH-8092 Zarich,
Switzerland BETTIE SUE SILER MASTERS (8, 18), Depart-
ment of Biochemistry, University of saxeT
HANS-GERT KORTH (54), Institut far -rO
Health Science ,retneC naS Antonio, Texas
ganische Chemie, Universitiit Essen,
0677-48287
71154-D Essen, Germany
ANDREA D. McGILL (25), Chemistry -trapeD
PETER KOSTKA (24), Department of -simehC
ment, Wayne State University, Detroit,
try, Cleveland State ,ytisrevinU ,dnalevelC
nagihciM 20284
Ohio 51144
TIMOTHY J. MCMAHON (11), Department of
MURALI KRISHNA (21), Tumor Biology Sec- ,enicideM Duke ytisrevinU Medical ,retneC
tion, Radiation Biology Branch, National
Durham, North Carolina 01772
recnaC ,etutitsnI ,adsehteB Maryland 29802
PETRA MEINEKE (54), Institut far ehcsinagrO
K.-D. KR6NCKE (13), Research Group Immu- Chemie, Universitiit Essen, D-45117
nobiology 14.80, MED-Heinrich-Heine- ,nessE Germany
,ytisrevinU D-40225 Dasseldorf, Germany
NAFETS MESAROS (17), Department of Analyt-
PAUL KUBES (3), Department of Physiology ical Chemistry, Slovak Technical -revinU
and Biophysics, ytisrevinU of ,yraglaC -laC ,ytis SK-81237 ,avalsitarB Slovakia
,yrag Alberta T2N 4N1, adanaC
ALLEN M. MINES (23, 45), Department of
IWAO KUROSE (44), Department of Allergy Chemistry, Grambling State ,ytisrevinU
and Immunology, National Children's ,gnilbmarG Louisiana 54217
lacideM hcraeseR ,retneC Tokyo ,451 Japan
R. TIMOTHY MILLER (8), Department of Bio-
F. STEPHEN LAROUX (23), Department of Mo- ,yrtsimehc University of Texas Health Sci-
ralucel and ralulleC Physiology, Louisiana ence Center, naS Antonio, Texas -48287
State University Medical Center, Shreve- 0677
port, Louisiana 2393-03117
WILLIAM C. MILLER (6), Departments of
DANIEL C. LIEBLER (49), Department of -rahP enicideM dna Epidemiology, University of
macology and Toxicology, retneC for Toxi- North ,aniloraC Chapel Hill, North -oraC
,ygoloc egelloC of Pharmacy, ytisrevinU of lina 99572
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 7020-12758
ERIC MILNE (10), Department of lacinilC
PETER N. LOWE (12), Glaxo Wellcome -eR ,ygolocamrahP .tS Bartholemew's Hospital
search and Development, Medicines -eR and ehT Royal London School of enicideM
search Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire and Dentistry, London EC1, United
1GS 2NY, United Kingdom Kingdom
LEE ANN MACMILLAN-CRow (14), Depart- LASHONDA MILLS (45), Department of -celoM
ment of Surgery, University of Alabama ular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana
School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala- State University Medical Center, Shreve-
bama 49253 port, Louisiana 2393-03117
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 301 XV
NEIL MIRANDA (27), Chemistry Department, Biology, University of Alabama, Bir-
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan mingham, Alabama 35294
48202
Huco OFFULLEP (41), Departamento de His-
JAMES B. MITCHELL (21), Tumor Biology Sec- tologia y Embriologia, Facultad de Medi-
tion, Radiation Biology Branch, National cina, Universidad de al Rept2blica, and Divi-
Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 si6n Neurobiologla Celular y Molecular,
HERBERT T. NAGASAWA (22), Division of Me- Instituto Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevi-
dicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, deo, Uruguay
University of Minnesota, and Medical Re- JUAN J. PODEROSO (20), Department of
search Laboratories (151), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Minneapo- School of Pharmacy, University of South-
lis, Minnesota 55417 ern California, Los Angeles, California
HIROE NAKAZAWA (42), Department of Phys- 33009
iology, School of Medicine, Tokai Univer- DOOWKRIK A. PRITCHARD, JR. (18), Cardio-
sity, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa 259- vascular Research Center, Department of
,11 Japan Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin,
VALERIE B. O'DONNELL (47), Departments of Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-0509
Anesthesiology and Biochemistry and Mo-
WILLIAM A. PRYOR (19), Biodynamics Insti-
lecular Genetics, University of Alabama,
tute, Louisiana State University, Baton
Birmingham, Alabama 35233
Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1800
HIROSHI OHSHIMA (5), Unit of Endogenous
RAFAEL RADI (37), Departamento de Bio-
Cancer Risk Factors, International Agency
quimica, Facultad de Medicina, Universi-
for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex
dad de la Rept~blica, 11800 Montevideo,
,80 France
Uruguay
NAOTSUKA OKAYAMA (1), Department of
JOHNNY RAMIREZ (26), Chemistry Depart-
Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisi-
ment, Wayne State University, Detroit,
ana State University Medical Center,
Michigan 48202
Shreveport, Louisiana 71130
CATHERINE RICE-EVANS (34), International
ROBERTO PACELLI (21), Tumor Biology Sec-
Antioxidant Research Centre, UMOS-
tion, Radiation Biology Branch, National
Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United
Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Kingdom
LESTER PACKER (51), Department of Molecu-
lar and Cell Biology, University of Califor- HPOTSIRHC RICHTER (40), Laboratorium fiir
nia, Berkeley, California 94720-3200 Biochemie, EidgenOssische Technische
Hochschule, CH-8092 Zarich, Switzerland
ANANTH SEKHER PANNALA (34), Interna-
tional Antioxidant Research Centre, LINDA J. ROMAN (8), Department of Biochem-
UMOS-Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, istry, University of Texas Health Science
United Kingdom Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7760
HEONYONG PARK (52), Department of Pathol- JAMES A. ROYALL (38), Department of Pediat-
ogy, University of Alabama, Birmingham, rics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma
Alabama 35294 City, Oklahoma 73190
JULIET K. J. PARK (24), Department of Chem- HIROriISA SAITO (44), Department of Allergy
istry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, and Immunology, National Children's
Ohio 44115 Medical Research Center, Tokyo 154, Japan
RAKESH P. PATEL (31), Department of Pathol- MATTHIAS SCHWEIZER (40), Institut fiir Vet-
ogy, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pa- erinarbiologie, CH-3012 Bern, Switzer-
thology and The Center for Free Radical land
xvi CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 301
THOMAS SHEA (8), Department of Biochemis- JAMES A. THOMAS (15), Department of Bio-
try, University of Texas Health Science Cen- chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames,
ter, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7760 Iowa 50011
MARK K. SHIGENAGA (4), Division of Bio- JOHN A. NOSPMOHT (14), Department of Sur-
chemistry and Molecular Biology, Univer- gery, University of Alabama School of Med-
icine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
sity of California, Berkeley, California
94720 RAO M. UPPU (19), Biodynamics Institute,
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge,
HELMUT SIES (15, 32, 33), Institut far Physi-
Louisiana 70803-1800
ologische Chemie I, Heinrich-Heine-Uni-
versitiit, D-40001 Diisseldorf, Germany ALBERT NAV RED VLIET (48), Center for Com-
parative Respiratory Biology and Medicine,
REDN1RUS S1NGH (34), Department of Phar- Department of Internal Medicine, Univer-
macy, King's College, London SW3 6LX, sity of California, Davis, California 95616
United Kingdom
A. F. VANIN (29), Institute of Chemical Phys-
LORNA M. SMITH (10), Department of Clinical ics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mos-
Pharmacology, St. Bartholemew's Hospital cow, Russia
and The Royal London School of Medicine ETTENNAEJ V~SQUEZ-VIVAR (18), Biophysics
and Dentistry, London EC1, United Research Institute and Cardiovascular Re-
Kingdom search Center, Department of Pathology,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
NATHAN SPEAR (41), Department of Anesthe-
Wisconsin 53226-0509
siology and The UAB Center for Free Radi-
cal Biology, University of Alabama, Bir- LILIANA VIERA (39), Department of Anesthe-
mingham, Alabama 35233 siology, The Center for Free Radical Biol-
ogy, University of Alabama, Birmingham,
GIUSEPPE L. SQUADR1TO (19), Biodynamics Alabama 35243
Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton
FABIO VmGILI (51), University of California,
Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1800
Berkeley, California 94720-3200
JONATHAN S. STAMLER (11), Howard Hughes YORAM VODOVOTZ (21, 43), Cardiology Re-
Medical Institute, Duke University Medical search Foundation and Medlantic Research
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710 Institute, Washington, DC 20010
JEAN CLAUDE STOCLET (53), Laboratoire de JIANQIANG WANG (25, 26), Chemistry Depart-
Pharmacologic et de Physiologic Cellu- ment, Wayne State University, Detroit,
laires, Facultd de Pharmacie, Universitd Michigan 48202
Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch PENG GEORGE WANO (25--27), Chemistry De-
Cedex, France partment, Wayne State University, Detroit,
Michigan 48202
MICHAEL R. L. STRATFORD (28), Gray Labo-
ratory Cancer Research Trust, Mount J. BRICE WEINBERG (6), Department of Medi-
Vernon Hospital, Middlesex HA6 2JR, cine, Division of Hematology-Oncology,
United Kingdom Duke University School of Medicine and
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham,
REINER SUSTMANN (54), Institat far Or- North Carolina 27710
ganische Chemic, Universitiit Essen,
C. ROGER WHITE (31), Department of Medi-
D-45117 Essen, Germany
cine, Vascular Biology and Hypertension
NEHPETS R. THOM (38), Institute for Environ- Program and The Center for Free Rad-
mental Medicine, University of Pennsylva- ical Biology, University of Alabama, Bir-
nia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 mingham, Alabama 35294
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 301 xvii
MATTHEW WHITEMAN (35), International An- YIFAN YANG (25), Chemistry Department,
tioxidant Research Centre, King's College, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Flor-
London SW3 6LX, United Kingdom ida 33124
DAVID A. WINK (21, 23, 43), Tumor Biology YAO Zu YE (39), Department of Anesthesiol-
Section, Radiation Biology Branch, Na- ogy, The Center for Free Radical Biology,
tional Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Mary- University of Alabama, Birmingham, Ala-
land 20892 bama 35243
Preface
The discovery that nitrogen monoxide or nitric oxide (NO) is a biologi-
cally produced free radical has revolutionized our thinking about physiolog-
ical and pathological processes. This discovery has ignited enormous interest
in the scientific community. When generated at low levels, NO si a signaling
molecule, but at high concentration, NO is a cytotoxic molecule. The physio-
logical and pathological processes of NO production and metabolism and its
targets, currently areas of intensive research, have important pharmacologic
implications for health and disease.
Accurately assessing the generation, action, and regulation of NO in
biological systems has required development of new analytical methods at
the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal levels. This was the impetus
for Methods in Enzymology Volumes 862 and 269, Parts A and B. Only a
few years later this new Volume 301, Part C reflects the amazing continued
development of new and important tools for the elucidation of NO action.
In bringing this volume to fruition, credit must be given to experts
in various specialized fields of NO research. Our appreciation is to the
contributors to this volume who, with those who helped select them, have
produced this state-of-the-art volume on NO methodology. The topics
included were chosen on the excellent advice of Bruce N. Ames, Joseph
Beckman, Enrique Cadenas, Victor Darley-Usmar, Bruce Freeman, Mat-
thew Grisham, Barry Halliwell, Louis J. Ignarro, Hiroe Nakazawa, William
Pryor, and Helmut Sies. To these colleagues I extend my sincere thanks
and most grateful appreciation.
RETSEL REKCAP
xix