1 ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI ANABİLİM DALI Nilüfer İLHAN CEMAL SÜREYA (HAYATI, EDEBÎ FİKİRLERİ ve ŞİİRİ) DOKTORA TEZİ TEZ YÖNETİCİSİ Doç. Dr. Erdoğan ERBAY ERZURUM-2010 I İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET ............................................................................................................................. IX ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... X ÖNSÖZ .......................................................................................................................... XI KISALTMALAR ....................................................................................................... XIII GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM .......................................................................................................... 8 1. HAYATI, DERGİCİLİĞİ ve ESERLERİ ................................................................ 8 1.1.Hayatı ..................................................................................................................... 8 1. 1. 1. Ailesi ve Çocukluğu ..................................................................................... 8 1.1.2. Öğrenimi ....................................................................................................... 11 1.1.3. Memuriyeti ................................................................................................... 13 1.1.4. Edebiyata ilgisi ............................................................................................. 16 1.1.5. Edebiyat Dünyasından Arkadaşları .............................................................. 20 1.1.6. Evlilikleri, Aşkları ve Çocukları ................................................................... 24 1.1.7.Yazma ve Çalışma Biçimi ............................................................................. 27 1.1.8. Kişiliği .......................................................................................................... 28 1.1.9. Dünya Görüşü ............................................................................................... 38 1.1.10.Ölümü .......................................................................................................... 43 1.2. Dergiciliği ............................................................................................................ 45 1.2.1. Papirüs .......................................................................................................... 48 1.2.2.Yazdığı Diğer Dergi ve Gazeteler ................................................................. 56 1.3. Eserleri ................................................................................................................. 57 1.3.1. Şiir ................................................................................................................ 57 1.3.1.1. Üvercinka .............................................................................................. 57 1.3.1.2. Göçebe ................................................................................................... 64 1.3.1.3. Beni Öp Sonra Doğur Beni .................................................................... 67 1.3.1.4. Uçurumda Açan ..................................................................................... 71 1.3.1.5. Sıcak Nal ............................................................................................... 73 1.3.1.6. Güz Bitigi .............................................................................................. 75 1.3.2. Günlük .......................................................................................................... 78 II 1.3.2.1. Günler .................................................................................................... 78 1.3.3. Deneme/Eleştiri ................................................................................................ 81 1.3.3.1. Şapkam Dolu Çiçekle ............................................................................ 81 1.3.3.2. Günübirlikler ......................................................................................... 85 1.3.3.3. Folklor Şiire Düşman ............................................................................ 88 1.3.3.4. Papirüs’ten Başyazılar ........................................................................... 89 1.3.3.5. Oluşum’da Cemal Süreya ...................................................................... 90 1.3.3.6. Aydınlık Yazıları/ Paçal ........................................................................ 91 1.3.4. Çocuk ............................................................................................................ 92 1.3.4.1. Aritmetik İyi Kuşlar Pekiyi ................................................................... 92 1.3.5.Portre ............................................................................................................. 94 1.3.5.1. 99 Yüz İzdüşümler/ Söz Senaryosu ....................................................... 94 1.3. 6. Mektup ....................................................................................................... 100 1.3.6.1.Onüç Günün Mektupları ....................................................................... 100 1.3.7. Antoloji ....................................................................................................... 103 1.3.7.1. Mülkiyeli şairler .................................................................................. 103 1.3.7.2.100 Aşk şiiri ......................................................................................... 104 1.3.8. Konuşturma/ Soruşturma ............................................................................ 106 1.3.8.1.Güvercin Curnatası ............................................................................... 106 1.3.9. Çeviri .......................................................................................................... 108 1.3.9.1. Roman ve Fikir .................................................................................... 108 1.3.9.2. Şiir/ Yürek Ki Paramparça .................................................................. 109 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM ....................................................................................................... 110 2.SANAT ve EDEBİYAT ÜZERİNE GÖRÜŞLERİ ............................................... 110 2.1. Sanat ve Sanatçı ................................................................................................. 110 2.2. Okur ................................................................................................................... 111 2.3. Edebiyat ve Meseleleri ...................................................................................... 112 2.4. Dil ...................................................................................................................... 114 2.5. Şiir, Şiirin Niteliği, Şiirin İşlevi ve Türk Şiiri ................................................... 115 2.5.1. Şiirde Anlam ............................................................................................... 124 2.5.2. Şiirde Biçim ve Öz ..................................................................................... 125 III 2.5.3. Şiirde Gelenek ............................................................................................ 126 2.5.4.Şiirde Taklit ................................................................................................. 129 2.5.5. Şiir ve Çeviri ............................................................................................... 130 2.5.6. Şiir ve Düz Yazı ......................................................................................... 132 2.5.7. Şiir ve Dil Devrimi ..................................................................................... 133 2.5.8. Şiir ve İktidar .............................................................................................. 135 2.5.9. Şiir ve Resim .............................................................................................. 138 2.5.10. Şiir ve Televizyon ..................................................................................... 140 2.5.11. Şiir ve Ödül ............................................................................................... 141 2.6. Şair ve Misyonu ................................................................................................. 142 2.7. Edebî Dönemler, Akımlar ve Hareketler ........................................................... 145 2.7.1. Divan Şiiri .................................................................................................. 145 2.7.2. Halk Şiiri .................................................................................................... 148 2.7.3. Tanzimat ve Servet-i Fünûn Şiiri ............................................................... 149 2.7.4. Hece Şiiri .................................................................................................... 151 2.7.5. Garip Şiiri ................................................................................................... 152 2.7.6. İkinci Yeni Şiiri .......................................................................................... 155 2.8. Edebî Türler ....................................................................................................... 166 2.8.1. Deneme ....................................................................................................... 166 2.8.2. Roman ......................................................................................................... 168 2.8.2. Hikâye ......................................................................................................... 171 2.9. Eleştirmenler ...................................................................................................... 172 2.9.1. Fethi Naci (1927- 2008) ............................................................................. 176 2.9.2. Hüseyin Cöntürk (1918- 2003) ve Mehmet H.Doğan (1931- 2008) .......... 177 2.9.3. Nurullah Ataç (1898- 1957) ....................................................................... 178 2.9.4. Suut Kemal Yetkin (1903- 1980) ............................................................... 180 2.10. Şairler .............................................................................................................. 182 2.10.1. Ahmet Arif (1927- 1991) .......................................................................... 182 2.10.2. Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar (1901- 1962) ...................................................... 184 2.10.3. Arif Damar (1925-…) ............................................................................... 185 2.10.4. Attilâ İlhan (1925- 2005) .......................................................................... 185 2.10.5. Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu (1913- 1975) ....................................................... 188 IV 2.10.6. Behçet Necatigil (1916- 1979) ................................................................. 189 2.10.7. Cahit Külebi (1917- 1997) ........................................................................ 191 2.10.8. Can Yücel (1926- 1999) ........................................................................... 192 2.10.9. Ceyhun Atuf Kansu (1919- 1978) ............................................................ 194 2.10.10. Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca (1914- 2008) ....................................................... 195 2.10.11. Hilmi Yavuz (1936-…) .......................................................................... 198 2.10.12. İlhan Berk (1918- 2008) ......................................................................... 199 2.10.13. İsmet Özel (1944-… ) ............................................................................. 200 2.10.14. Mehmet Kemal [Kurşunluoğlu] (1921- 1998)........................................ 201 2.10.15. Melih Cevdet Anday (1915- 2002) ......................................................... 202 2.10.16. Mustafa Seyit Sutüven (1908- 1969) ...................................................... 204 2.10.17. Nâzım Hikmet Ran (1901- 1963) ........................................................... 204 2.10.18. Oktay Rifat Horozcu (1914-1988) .......................................................... 208 2.10.19. Orhan Veli Kanık (1914- 1950) ............................................................. 211 2.10.20. Sabahattin Kudret Aksal (1920- 1993) ................................................... 213 2.10.21. Tevfik Fikret (1867- 1915) ..................................................................... 213 2.10.22. Turgut Uyar (1927- 1985) ...................................................................... 216 2.10.23. Ülkü Tamer (1937-…) ............................................................................ 217 2.10.24. Yahya Kemal Beyatlı (1884- 1958)........................................................ 218 2.10.25. Yaşar Nabi Nayır (1908- 1981) .............................................................. 220 2.10.26. Yılmaz Gruda (1930-…) ........................................................................ 221 2.10.27. Diğer Şairler ........................................................................................... 222 2.10.28. Halk Şairleri ............................................................................................ 226 2.10.28.1. Pir Sultan Abdal (XVI.yy) ............................................................... 226 2.10.28.2. Karacaoğlan (XVII.yy) .................................................................... 226 2.10.29. Yabancı Şair ve Düşünürler .................................................................... 227 2.10.29.1. Pablo Neruda (1904-1973) .............................................................. 227 2.10.29.2. Paul Eluard (1895-1952) ................................................................. 227 2.10.29.3. Georg Lukács (1885-1971) .............................................................. 228 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ..................................................................................................... 230 3. ŞİİRLERİNİN TEMA ve YAPI BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ ................... 230 V 3.1.Şiirlerinin Tema Bakımından İncelenmesi ......................................................... 230 3.1.1. Aşk .............................................................................................................. 230 3.1.2. Kadın .......................................................................................................... 239 3.1.2.1. Kent Kadını ......................................................................................... 240 3.1.2.2. Anadolu Kadını ................................................................................... 243 3.1.2.3. Sevgili/ Anne ....................................................................................... 246 3.1.2.4. Anne .................................................................................................... 247 3.1.2.5. Evli Kadınlar ve Çok Eşlilik ................................................................ 251 3.1.3. Kadın Bedeni .............................................................................................. 259 3.1.4. Erotizm ....................................................................................................... 265 3.1.5. Baba ............................................................................................................ 278 3.1.6. Ölüm ........................................................................................................... 281 3.1.7. Yalnızlık/ Sıkıntı/ Sürgünlük ...................................................................... 291 3.1.8. Kent ve Mekân ........................................................................................... 297 3.1.8.1. İstanbul ................................................................................................ 297 3.1.8.2. Ankara ................................................................................................. 299 3.1.9. Coğrafya ..................................................................................................... 302 3.1.9.1. Anadolu ............................................................................................... 302 3.1.9.2. Ortadoğu ve Afrika .............................................................................. 305 3.1.10. Portreler (İzdüşümler) .............................................................................. 308 3.1.11. Günlük Hayat/ Sigara ve İçki .................................................................. 313 3.1.12. Zaman ....................................................................................................... 317 3.1.13. İnanç ......................................................................................................... 321 3.1.14. Politika ...................................................................................................... 324 3.1.15. Tarih ......................................................................................................... 327 3.2.1. Mitolojik Öğeler ......................................................................................... 332 3.2.2. Şiirini Besleyen/ Etkileyen Kaynaklar ....................................................... 334 3.2.3. Metinlerarasılık ........................................................................................... 335 3.2.3.1. Gönderge (Gönderme) ......................................................................... 336 3.2.3.2. Alıntı (Citation) ................................................................................... 341 3.2.3.3. Öykünme (Pastiş) ................................................................................ 344 3.2.3.4. Anıştırma (Allusion) ............................................................................ 346 VI 3.2.3.5.Yansılama (Parodi) ............................................................................... 347 3.2.4. Şairlerle Etkileşim ...................................................................................... 347 3.2.4.1. Divan Edebiyatı ................................................................................... 347 3.2.4.1.1. Şeyh Galib (1757-1799) ............................................................... 348 3.2.4.2. Halk Edebiyatı ..................................................................................... 349 3.2.4.2.1.Yunus Emre (13.yy) ...................................................................... 349 3.2.4.2.2. Karacaoğlan (17.yy) ..................................................................... 349 3.2.4.3.Yeni Türk Edebiyatı ............................................................................. 350 3.2.4.3.1. Ahmet Haşim (1885-1933) ........................................................... 351 3.2.4.3.2. Yahya Kemal Beyatlı (1884-1958) .............................................. 351 3.2.4.3.3. Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı (1910-1956) ................................................... 352 3.2.4.3.4. Orhan Veli Kanık (1914-1950) .................................................... 352 3.2.4.3.5. Oktay Rifat Horozcu (1914-1988) ................................................ 353 3.2.4.3.6. Melih Cevdet Anday (1915-2002) ................................................ 354 3.2.4.3.7. Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca (1914-2008) .............................................. 355 3.2.4.3.8. Behçet Necatigil (1916-1979) ...................................................... 355 3.2.4.3.9. Salâh Birsel (1919-1999) .............................................................. 356 3.2.4.3.10. Turgut Uyar (1927-1985) ........................................................... 357 3.2.4.3.11. Sezai Karakoç (1933-…) ............................................................ 358 3.2.4.4. Batı Edebiyatı ...................................................................................... 360 3.3. Şiirlerinin Yapı Bakımından İncelenmesi ......................................................... 363 3.3.1. Nazım Biçimi .............................................................................................. 363 3.3.1.1. Dize Sayısı Eşit Bentlerle Kurulan Şiirler ........................................... 364 3.3.1.2. Dize Sayısı Farklı Bentlerle Kurulan Şiirler........................................ 370 3.3.2. Nazım Şekli ................................................................................................ 377 3.3.2.1. Halk Edebiyatına Ait Nazım Şekli ...................................................... 377 3.3.2.2. Divan Edebiyatına Ait Nazım Şekli .................................................... 381 3.3.2.3. Batı Edebiyatına Ait Nazım Şekli ....................................................... 383 3.3.3. Kafiye ve Redif ........................................................................................... 386 3.3.3.1. Düz, Çapraz ve Sarma Kafiyeden Oluşan Şiirler ................................ 399 3.3.4. Vezin ........................................................................................................... 400 VII DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ............................................................................................... 404 4. ŞİİRLERİNDE DİL VE ÜSLÛP ........................................................................... 404 4.1. Şiirlerinde Dil ve Üslûp ..................................................................................... 404 4.1.2. Sözcük Kadrosu .......................................................................................... 405 4.1.3. Tekrarlanan Sözcükler ................................................................................ 410 4.1.4. İsimler ......................................................................................................... 411 4.1.5. Sıfatlar ........................................................................................................ 419 4.1.6. Zamirler ...................................................................................................... 425 4.1.7. Bağlaçlar ..................................................................................................... 427 4.1.8. Edatlar ......................................................................................................... 428 4.1.9. Ünlemler ..................................................................................................... 429 4.1.10. Fiiller ........................................................................................................ 430 4.1.11. Cümle Yapısı ............................................................................................ 432 4.1.12. İsim Tamlaması ........................................................................................ 438 4.2. Şiirlerindeki Ses, Ritm ve Ahenk Unsurları ...................................................... 440 4.2.1. Yinelemeler ................................................................................................ 440 4.2.1.1. Sesbilgisel Yinelemeler ....................................................................... 440 4.2.1.2. Biçimbirimsel Yinelemeler.................................................................. 448 4.2.1.3. Sözdizimsel Yinelemeler ..................................................................... 466 4.2.1.4. Anlamsal Yinelemeler ......................................................................... 475 4.3. Sapmalar ............................................................................................................ 486 4.3.1. Yazımsal Sapmalar ..................................................................................... 487 4.3.2. Sesbilimsel Sapmalar .................................................................................. 494 4.3.3. Sözcüksel Sapmalar .................................................................................... 496 4.3.4. Anlamsal Sapmalar ..................................................................................... 503 4.3.5. Dilbilgisel Sapmalar ................................................................................... 504 4.3.6. Kesimsel Sapmalar (Argo) ......................................................................... 506 4.3.7. Biçimsel Sapmalar ...................................................................................... 508 4.4. Konuşma Dili ..................................................................................................... 509 4.4.1. Deyimler ..................................................................................................... 512 4.5. Edebî Sanatlar .................................................................................................... 514 4.5.1.Teşbih (Benzetme) ........................................................................... 515 VIII 4.5.2. İstiare (Eğretileme) ..................................................................................... 517 4.5.3.Teşhis (Kişileştirme) ................................................................................... 520 4.5.4. Telmih (Hatırlatma) .................................................................................... 522 4.5.5. Diğer Edebî Sanatlar ................................................................................... 525 4.6. İmge ................................................................................................................... 531 4.7. İroni ................................................................................................................... 542 4.8. Anlatım Teknikleri ............................................................................................ 548 4.8.1. Öyküleme ................................................................................................... 548 4.8.2. Betimleme ................................................................................................... 550 4.8.3. Karşıtlık ...................................................................................................... 552 4.8.4. Monolog ..................................................................................................... 553 4.8.5. Diyolog ....................................................................................................... 554 4.8.6. Gerçeküstücü Anlatım ................................................................................ 555 SONUÇ ........................................................................................................................ 559 BİBLİYOGRAFYA .................................................................................................... 565 ÖZGEÇMİŞ ................................................................................................................ 583
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