Nicene And Post Nicene Christianity: History Of The Christian Church Volume III

685 Pages·2004·3.89 MB·English

by  Philip Schaff

History of the Christian Church, Volume III:
Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity. A.D.
311-600.
by
Philip Schaff
About History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene and Post-Nicene
Christianity. A.D. 311-600. by Philip Schaff
Title: History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene and Post-Nicene
Christianity. A.D. 311-600.
URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc3.html
Author(s): Schaff, Philip (1819-1893)
Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian CLassics Ethereal Library
First Published: 1882
Print Basis: Fifth edition, revised
Source: Electronic Bible Society
Date Created: 2002-11-27
Contributor(s): whp (Transcriber)
Wendy Huang (Markup)
CCEL Subjects: All; History;
LC Call no: BR145.S3
LC Subjects: Christianity
History
History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene Philip Schaff
and Post-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 311-600.
Table of Contents
About This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. ii
History of the Christian Church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 1
Preface to the Third Revision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 2
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 3
Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 4
Later Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 5
Introduction and General View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 6
Downfall of Heathenism and Victory of Christianity in the Roman
Empire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 9
Constantine The Great. a.d. 306-337. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 10
The Sons of Constantine. a.d. 337-361. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 25
Julian the Apostate, and the Reaction of Paganism. a.d. 361-363. . . . . p. 27
From Jovian to Theodosius. a.d. 363-392. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 38
Theodosius the Great and his Successors. a.d. 392-550. . . . . . . . . . p. 40
The Downfall of Heathenism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 43
The Literary Triumph of Christianity over Greek and Roman
Heathenism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 45
Heathen Polemics. New Objections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 45
Julian's Attack upon Christianity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 47
The Heathen Apologetic Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 50
Christian Apologists and Polemics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 50
Augustine's City of God. Salvianus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 53
Alliance of Church and State and Its Influence on Public Morals and
Religion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 55
The New Position of the Church in the Empire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 56
Rights and Privileges of the Church. Secular Advantages. . . . . . . . . p. 58
Support of the Clergy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 61
Episcopal Jurisdiction and Intercession. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 63
Legal Sanction of Sunday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 64
Influence of Christianity on Civil Legislation. The Justinian Code. . . . . p. 65
Elevation of Woman and the Family. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 68
Social Reforms. The Institution of Slavery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 70
Abolition of Gladiatorial Shows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 75
Evils of the Union of Church and State. Secularization of the
Church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 76
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Worldliness and Extravagance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 77
Byzantine Court Christianity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 78
Intrusion of Politics into Religion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 80
The Emperor-Papacy and the Hierarchy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 81
Restriction of Religious Freedom, and Beginnings of Persecution of
Heretics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 84
The Rise and Progress of Monasticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 89
Origin of Christian Monasticism. Comparison with other forms of
Asceticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 90
Development of Monasticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 94
Nature and Aim of Monasticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 96
Monasticism and the Bible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 97
Lights and Shades of Monastic Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 99
Position of Monks in the Church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 105
Influence and Effect of Monasticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 105
Paul of Thebes and St. Anthony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 108
Spread of Anchoretism. Hilarion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 114
St. Symeon and the Pillar Saints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 115
Pachomius and the Cloister life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 118
Fanatical and Heretical Monastic Societies in The East. . . . . . . . . . . p. 120
Monasticism in the West. Athanasius, Ambrose, Augustine, Martin of
Tours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 121
St. Jerome as a Monk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 124
St. Paula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 130
Benedict of Nursia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 131
The Rule of St. Benedict. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 133
The Benedictines. Cassiodorus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 135
Opposition to Monasticism. Jovinian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 137
Helvidius, Vigilantius, and Aerius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 140
The Hierarchy and Polity of the Church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 141
Schools of the Clergy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 141
Clergy and Laity. Elections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 144
Marriage and Celibacy of the Clergy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 146
Moral Character of the Clergy in general. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 151
The Lower Clergy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 155
The Bishops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 159
Organization of the Hierarchy: Country Bishop, City Bishops, and
Metropolitans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 161
The Patriarchs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 164
Synodical Legislation on the Patriarchal Power and Jurisdiction. . . . . p. 166
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The Rival Patriarchs of Old and New Rome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 171
The Latin Patriarch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 174
Conflicts and Conquests of the Latin Patriarchate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 177
The Papacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 180
Opinions of the Fathers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 182
The Decrees of Councils on the Papal Authority. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 187
Leo the Great. a.d. 440-461. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 189
The Papacy from Leo I to Gregory I. a.d. 461-590. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 194
The Synodical System. The Ecumenical Councils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 198
List of the Ecumenical Councils of the Ancient Church. . . . . . . . . . . p. 209
Books of Ecclesiastical Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 212
Church Discipline and Schisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 214
Decline of Discipline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 214
The Donatist Schism. External History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 216
Augustine and the Donatists. Their Persecution and Extinction. . . . . . p. 218
Internal History of the Donatist Schism. Dogma of the Church. . . . . . p. 219
The Roman Schism of Damasus and Ursinus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 222
The Meletian Schism at Antioch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 223
Public Worship and Religious Customs and Ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . p. 225
The Revolution in Cultus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 225
The Civil and Religious Sunday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 226
The Church Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 231
The Christmas Cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 236
The Easter Cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 239
The Time of the Easter Festival. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 242
The Cycle of Pentecost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 244
The Exaltation of the Virgin Mariology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 245
Mariolatry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 252
The Festivals of Mary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 254
The Worship of Martyrs and Saints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 256
Festivals of the Saints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 265
The Christian Calendar. The Legends of the Saints. The Acta
Sanctorum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 267
Worship of Relics. Dogma of the Resurrection. Miracles of Relics. . . . . p. 269
Observations on the Miracles of the Nicene Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 276
Processions and Pilgrimages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 279
Public Worship of the Lord's Day. Scripture-Reading and Preaching. . . p. 281
The Sacraments in General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 284
Baptism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 288
Confirmation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 292
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Ordination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 293
The Sacrament of the Eucharist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 295
The Sacrifice of the Eucharist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 302
The Celebration o f the Eucharist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 307
The Liturgies. Their Origin and Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 311
The Oriental Liturgies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 317
The Occidental Liturgies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 320
Liturgical Vestments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 322
Christian Art. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 324
Religion and Art. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 324
Church Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 326
The Consecration of Churches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 327
Interior Arrangement of Churches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 328
Architectural Style. The Basilicas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 332
The Byzantine Style. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 334
Baptisteries, Grave-Chapels, and Crypts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 337
Crosses and Crucifixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 338
Images of Christ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 339
Images of Madonna and Saints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 344
Consecrated Gifts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 346
Church Poetry and Music. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 347
The Poetry of the Oriental Church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 349
The Latin Hymn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 354
The Latin Poets and Hymns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 356
Theological Controversies, and Development of the Ecumenical
Orthodoxy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 364
General Observations. Doctrinal Importance of the Period. Influence of
the Ancient Philosophy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 365
Sources of Theology. Scripture and Tradition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 368
The Arian Controversy down to the Council of Nicaea, 318-325. . . . . p. 374
The Council of Nicaea, 325. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 378
The Arian and Semi-Arian Reaction, a.d. 325-361. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 384
The Final Victory of Orthodoxy, and the Council of Constantinople,
381. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 387
The Theological Principles involved: Import of the Controversy. . . . . . p. 389
Arianism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 391
Semi-Arianism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 394
Revived Sabellianism. Marcellus and Photinus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 395
The Nicene Doctrine of the Consubstantiality of the Son with the
Father. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 397
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The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 403
The Nicene and Constantinopolitan Creed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 405
The Nicene, Doctrine of the Trinity. The Trinitarian Terminology. . . . . p. 408
The Post-Nicene Trinitarian Doctrine of Augustine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 416
The Athanasian Creed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 419
he Orgenistic Controversy in Palestine. Epiphanius, Rufinus, and Jerome,
a.d. 394-399. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 425
The Origenistic Controversy in Egypt and Constantinople. Theophilus
and Chrysostom a.d. 399-407. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 427
General View. Alexandrian and Antiochian Schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 429
The Apollinarian Heresy, a.d. 362-381. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 431
The Nestorian Controversy, a.d. 428-431. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 435
The Ecumenical Council of Ephesus, a.d. 431. The Compromise. . . . . p. 440
The Nestorians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 444
The Eutychian Controversy. The Council of Robbers, a.d. 449. . . . . . p. 447
The Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, A.D. 451. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 451
The Orthodox Christology--Analysis and Criticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 455
The Monophysite Controversies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 464
The Three, Chapters, and the Fifth Ecumenical Council, A.D. 553. . . . . p. 467
The Monophysite Sects: Jacobites, Copts, Abyssinians, Armenians,
Maronites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 470
Character of the Pelagian Controversy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 476
External History of the Pelagian Controversy, A.D. 411-431. . . . . . . . p. 480
The Pelagian Controversy in Palestine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 483
Position of the Roman Church. Condemnation of Pelagianism. . . . . . p. 484
The Pelagian System: Primitive State and Freedom of Man; the
Fall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 487
The Pelagian System Continued: Doctrine, of Human Ability and Divine
Grace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 492
The Augustinian System: The Primitive State of Man, and Free Will. . . p. 496
The Augustinian System: The Fall and its Consequences. . . . . . . . . p. 500
The Augustinian System: Original Sin, and the Origin of the Human
Soul. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 503
Arguments for the Doctrine of Original Sin and Hereditary Guilt. . . . . p. 506
Answers to Pelagian Objections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 508
Augustine's Doctrine of Redeeming Grace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 512
The Doctrine of Predestination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 516
Semi-Pelagianism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 520
Victory of Semi-Augustinianism. Council of Orange, A.D. 529. . . . . . . p. 525
Church Fathers, and Theological Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 528
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Eusebius of C sarea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 528
The Church Historians after Eusebius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 533
Athanasius the Great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 536
Basil the Great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 542
Gregory of Nyssa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 547
Gregory Nazianzen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 550
Didymus of Alexandria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 558
Cyril of Jerusalem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 559
Epiphanius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 561
John Chrysostom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 566
Cyril of Alexandria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 571
Ephraem the Syrian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 576
Lactantius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 579
Hilary of Poitiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 581
Ambrose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 583
Jerome as a Divine and Scholar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 586
The Works of Jerome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 589
Augustine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 598
The Works of Augustine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 607
The Influence of Augustine upon Posterity and his Relation to Catholicism
and Protestantism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 615
Appendix to the Revised Edition, 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 622
Addenda Et Corrigenda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 622
Addenda to the Fifth Edition. 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 631
Appendix to the Revised Edition, 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 632
Addenda Et Corrigenda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 632
Indexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 634
Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 634
Index of Scripture References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 635
Index of Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 638
Greek Words and Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 639
Hebrew Words and Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 674
German Words and Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 674
French Words and Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 676
viii
Hist of Christ'n Church 3 Philip Schaff
HISTORY
of the
CHRISTIAN CHURCH1
by
PHILIP SCHAFF
Christianus sum. Christiani nihil a me alienum puto
VOLUME III
NICENE AND POST-NICENE CHRISTIANITY
From Constantine the Great to Gregory the Great
a.d. 311–600.
This is a reproduction of the Fifth Edition, Revised
1 Schaff, Philip, History of the Christian Church, (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1997. The material
has been carefully compared and corrected according to the Eerdmans reproduction of the 1910 edition by Charles
Scribner's sons, with emendations by The Electronic Bible Society, Dallas, TX, 1998.
Hist of Christ'n Church 3 Philip Schaff
PREFACE TO THE THIRD REVISION
This third volume covers the eventful period of Christian emperors, patriarchs, and ecumenical
Councils, from Constantine the Great to Gregory the Great. It completes the History of Ancient
Christianity, which is the common inheritance of Greek, Latin, and Evangelical Christendom.
The first edition was published in 1867, and has not undergone any important changes. But
in the revision of 1884 the more recent literature was added in an Appendix.
In this edition the Appendix has been revised and enriched with the latest literature. A few
changes have also been made in the text to conform it to the present state of research (e.g., pp. 29,
353, 688, 689).
The Author.
New York, July, 1889.
2