Naked Truths : Women, Sexuality & Gender in Classical Art & Archaeology

332 Pages·2000·28.19 MB·English

by  Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow and Claire L. Lyons (Eds.)

NAKED TRUTHS

NAKED TRUTHS
Women, sexuality, and gender in
classical art and archaeology
Edited by
Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow
Claire L. Lyons
London and New York
First published 1997
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
First published in paperback 2000
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004.
© 1997 Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow and Claire L. Lyons
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted
or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
Naked Truths: Women, Sexuality and Gender in
Classical Art and Archaeology.
Edited by Ann Koloski-Ostrow and Claire L. Lyons.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Women in art. 2. Sexuality in art. 3. Gender
identity in art. 4. Art, Classical.
I. Koloski-Ostrow, Ann Olga
II. Lyons, Claire L.
N7630.N36 1997
704.9‘424’0938–dc20 96–41228
ISBN 0-203-03771-5 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-18274-X (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0–415–15995–4 (hbk)
ISBN 0–415–21752–0 (pbk)
CONTENTS
List of Figures and Tables vii
Notes on Contributors ix
Acknowledgements xii
1 NAKED TRUTHS ABOUT CLASSICAL ART:
AN INTRODUCTION 1
Claire L. Lyons and Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow
2 “WAYS OF SEEING” WOMEN IN ANTIQUITY:
AN INTRODUCTION TO FEMINISM IN CLASSICAL
ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANCIENT ART HISTORY 12
Shelby Brown
3 FEMALE BEAUTY AND MALE VIOLENCE IN EARLY
ITALIAN SOCIETY 43
John Robb
4 DIVESTING THE FEMALE BREAST OF CLOTHES IN
CLASSICAL SCULPTURE 66
Beth Cohen
5 WHEN PAINTERS EXECUTE A MURDERESS:
THE REPRESENTATION OF CLYTEMNESTRA ON
ATTIC VASES 93
Francine Viret Bernal
6 SAPPHO IN ATTIC VASE PAINTING 108
Jane McIntosh Snyder
7 GENDER AND SEXUALITY IN THE PARTHENON
FRIEZE 120
John G. Younger
8 NAKED AND LIMBLESS: LEARNING ABOUT THE
FEMININE BODY IN ANCIENT ATHENS 154
Joan Reilly
CONTENTS
9 NURSING MOTHERS IN CLASSICAL ART 174
Larissa Bonfante
10 MAKING A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE:
GENDER, ASYMMETRY, AND THE GREEK NUDE 197
Nanette Salomon
11 THE ONLY HAPPY COUPLE:
HERMAPHRODITES AND GENDER 220
Aileen Ajootian
12 VIOLENT STAGES IN TWO POMPEIAN HOUSES:
IMPERIAL TASTE, ARISTOCRATIC RESPONSE, AND
MESSAGES OF MALE CONTROL 243
Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow
13 EPILOGUE: GENDER AND DESIRE 267
Natalie Boymel Kampen
Glossary 279
Selected Bibliography 287
Index 306
vi
FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURES
1 Prehistoric art in post-Pleistocene Italy 47
2 The evolution of gender symbols in prehistoric Italy 52
3 The Barberini Suppliant, Louvre MA 3433 (Photo: Museum) 67
4 Leda and the Swan, Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 04.14
(Photo: Museum) 71
5 Maiden and Centaur from West Pediment of the Temple
of Zeus, Olympia, Museum (Photo: from B. Ashmole and
N. Yalouris, Olympia. The Sculptures of the Temple of Zeus,
Phaidon 1967, pl. 130) 73
6 Amazonomachy, Attic red-figure volute-krater, attributed to the
Painter of the Woolly Satyrs, New York, Metropolitan Museum
of Art 07.286.84 (Photo: Museum) 75
7 Side view of volute-krater in Fig. 6 (Photo: Museum) 76
8 Lansdowne Amazon, New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art
32.11.14 (Photo: Museum) 78
9 Rape of Kassandra, Attic red-figure Nolan amphora, attributed
to the Ethiop Painter, New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art
56.171.41 (Photo: Museum) 81
10 Red-figure krater by the Dokimasia Painter, Boston, Museum
of Fine Arts 63.1246 (Photo: Museum) 95
11 Red-figure cup by the Marlay Painter, Ferrara, Museo
Archeologico T264 (Drawing: F. Viret Bernal) 98
12 Red-figure krater by the Dokimasia Painter, reverse (Photo:
Museum) 100
13 Black-figure hydria in Warsaw, Warsaw, National Museum
142333 (Photo: Schwabe and Co., Basel) 110
14 Red-figure kalathoid krater by the Brygos Painter, Munich,
Antikensammlung 2416 (Photo: Museum) 111
FIGURES AND TABLES
15 Red-figure calyx-krater by the Tithonos Painter, Wuppertal,
von de Heydt-Museum 49 (Photo: from Antike Kunst aus
Wuppertaler Privatbesitz, Von der Heydt-Museum, 1971) 112
16 Red-figure hydria, Athens, National Museum inv. 1260
(Photo: Museum) 113
17 Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Sappho and Alcaeus, Baltimore,
Walters Art Gallery (Photo: Museum) 116
18 Judy Chicago, Sappho dinner plate from The Dinner Party,
1979 (Photo: courtesy of Judy Chicago) 117
19 Parthenon East frieze block V, central peplos-folding scene,
(Photo: J. Younger) 121
20 Parthenon East frieze block V, the child/v. 35 (Photo:
J. Younger) 123
21 Parthenon North frieze block XLII (Photo: J. Younger) 124
22 Parthenon West frieze block XII (cast) (Photo: J. Younger) 125
23 Parthenon West frieze block III (cast) (Photo: J. Younger) 125
24 Parthenon East frieze block IV (“Eponymous Heroes”)
(Photo: J. Younger) 126
25 Parthenon East frieze block III (parthenoi) (Photo: J. Younger) 127
26 Parthenon East frieze block VI (Artemis, Aphrodite, Eros)
(Photo: J. Younger) 127
27 Parthenon North frieze block VI (hydriaphoroi) (Photo:
J. Younger) 128
28 Parthenon West frieze block XII (Drawing: J. Younger) 129
29 Parthenon West frieze block III over a silhouette of W XII
(Drawing: J. Younger) 130
30 Parthenon North frieze block XLII over a silhouette of W XII
(Drawing: J. Younger) 131
31 Parthenon East frieze block V, central figures over silhouette
of W XII (Drawing: J. Younger) 131
32 Attic grave relief, Athens, National Museum inv. 1993 (Photo:
after A. Conze, Die attischen Grabreliefs, Berlin 1893–1922) 155
33 Attic grave relief, Avignon, Musée Calvet inv. E31 (Photo:
after A. Conze, Die attischen Grabreliefs, Berlin 1893–1922) 156
34 Early style terracotta doll, Princeton University Art Museum
inv. 47–205 (Photo: Museum) 157
35 Later style terracotta doll, Bowdoin College Museum of Art
inv. 1913–28 (Photo: Museum) 157
36 Attic grave relief, Arthur M. Sackler Museum inv. 1961–86
(Photo: Museum) 158
37 Terracotta figure, truncated type, New York, Metropolitan
Museum of Art 20.205 (Photo: Museum) 161
38 Marble votive plaque, Athens, Acropolis Museum inv. 7232
(Photo: Museum) 162
viii
FIGURES AND TABLES
39 Thessalian grave stele from Larisa showing a woman nursing
a child, Larisa, Archaeological Museum (Photo: DAI, Athens,
Inst. neg. 87.131) 176
40 South Italian red-figure pyxis by the Lipari Painter, goddess
suckling the baby Eros, Lipari, Museo Archeologico Eoliano
(Photo: Museum) 177
41 Bronze horse trapping, from a female burial in Decima (Latium),
woman nursing a child, Rome, Museo Nazionale (Photo:
Museum) 178
42 Etruscan bronze mirror, with Hera nursing the grown Herakles,
Tarquinia, Museo Archeologico Nazionale (Drawing: Museum) 181
43 Terracotta statuette of Pero and Micon from Pompeii, Naples
Museo Archeologico Nazionale (Photo: Museum) 182
44 Aphrodite Knidia, Vatican 812 (Photo: Art Resource, New York) 198
45 Hermes and the infant Dionysos, from the Heraion at Olympia,
Olympia Museum (Photo: Art Resource, New York) 205
46 Bronze statuette of Aphrodite, New York, Metropolitan Museum
of Art (Photo: Museum) 209
47 Hermaphrodite Borghese, Paris, Musée du Louvre (Photo: Art
Resource, New York) 221
48 Hermaphrodite statuette, Rome art market (Photo: DAI, Rome,
Inst. Neg. 35.1956) 222
49 Terracotta figurine, Gela, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, inv.
13859 (Photo: A. Ajootian) 223
50 Satyr and hermaphrodite group, Dresden, Staatliche
Kunstsammlungen 155 (Photo: DAI, Rome, Inst. Neg. 36.1385) 232
51 Satyr and hermaphrodite group, Rome, Torlonia Collection
(Photo: DAI, Rome, Inst. Neg. 55.723) 234
52 Plan of the Casa del Menandro (I.10.4), Pompeii (Photo: from
E. La Rocca, et al., Guida archeologica di Pompei, Verona, 1976,
p. 178) 247
53 Wall-painting, rape of Cassandra with return of Helen to
Menelaus, Casa del Menandro (I.10.4), room 4, Pompeii (Photo:
A. Koloski-Ostrow) 248
54 Wall-painting, death of Laocoon, Casa del Menandro (I.10.4),
room 4, Pompeii (Photo: A. Koloski-Ostrow) 249
55 Wall-painting, Actaeon, Casa del Menandro (I.10.4), apse 22 in
back wall of peristyle, Pompeii (Photo: A. Koloski-Ostrow) 250
56 Plan, Casa degli Amorini dorati (VI. 16.7.38), Pompeii (Photo:
from E. La Rocca, et al., Guida archeologica di Pompei, Verona,
1976, p. 283) 250
57 Wall-painting, Agamemnon with Achilles and Briseis, Casa degli
Amorini dorati (VI. 16.7.38), exedra G, Pompeii (Photo:
A. Koloski-Ostrow) 251
ix