Table Of ContentN.A. NEKRASOV - "illNSTREL OF THE PEOPLE'S SORK3W"
Nataly Baurns
A THESIS
Submitted to the Faculty of Arts
(East and Sou-tii European Institute)
of the University of Ottawa in
Partial Fulfillment of the Require
ments for the Degree of Master of
A"
•or
\u Ottawa/ |
MtiOTMtoutS
Ottawa, Canada, 1950
UMI Number EC55144
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H.A. HEKPACOB - "IIEBEn. TOPfi HAPOflHOrO"
HaTa^H« Eayicm
OrJIABJIEHME
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BBE/EEHKE v
I.- nPE^nOCMKH TBOPqECTBA HEKPACOBA T
1. CeMeftno-poaoBH© BJTH«HH« Ha JIHHHOCTI>
HeKpacoBa I
2. B^HHHHe OKpyxaiomeS npnpoflH Ha HeKpacoBa 18
3. BJiHHHHe ropo^a B »HH6 roflH SCH3HH HeKps-
coBa 21
A . B^HUHHe snoxH Ha (£opMHpoBaHHe MHpoco3ep-
uaHHH HeKpacoBa 24
II.- KPECTLHHE B TBOPHECTBE HEKPACOBA 31
1. TTepBHe CTHXH HeKpacoBa nocBameHHHe Ha-
poay 32
2. Taxejioe SKOHOMHiecKoe H wopajibHoe ITOJIO-
JKeHHC KP«CTb«H 35
3. HeorpaHH*ieHHaH BJincTb noM©mnKOB Has Kpe-
CTbJTHaMH 49
4 . OTJmHVfTejiwwe nepTH xapsKTepa pyccKoro
KpecTbaHHHa 63
s. Tlo^oaceHHe KpecTbflHCTBa ao H nocjie MaHH-
tfcecTa 69
6. OTHomeHHe HeKpacoBa K pedf)opMe H B©pa B
CyayimrocTb Hapofla 74
I I I .- 5ETH H )KEHDIHHH B n033HH HEKPACOBA 78
1. ZteTH ropoaa 79
2. KpecTbffHCKHe ZteTH 8T
3. HeHWJTHH B np0H3B6fleHH«X HeKpacoBa 83
4. TnaceJiafl cyflbda pyccKOii sceHmwHH 84
5. PyCCKH6 HCeHUIJIHH - 3K6HH fleK8<5pHCTOB H HX
OTpaxeHEie B no33HH HeKpscopa 96
iy.- HEKPACOB - ITEBEII TOPO/tA 104
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y.- HEKPACOB KAK XyflOJKHHK CJIOBA TI8
I. CTHJib, vteJioflHKa H peTMHKa cTwxa HeK
pacoBa TI8
8. H3HK HeKpacoBa 132
3AKJDDHEHHE 140
EHEJIH0rPA*Hfl 143
llpH.aosceHHe
!• ABSTRACT OF H.A. HeKpacoB - "IleBeij ropg
HapogHoro". . . . . .. . . . . . . . ". . . . 145
BBEZDEHHE
CKOpo HcnojiHHTC« flecaTb JieT c Tex nop, KaK MH noaxBa-
qeHH BHxpeM BTopoS MHPOBOB BOHHH, OTOpBaHH OT ropavo JHO<5H-
MOK CTpaaajiHUH-PoflHHH, OT CjrH3Koro, poaHoro CTpaaajibija-Ha-
poaa.
HecMOTpa Ha OKpyacaiomyio Hac Tenepb CBoCoaHyro, cnoKOHHyio
nO^Hyn aOBOJIbCTBa HCH3Hb, MHCJIH ^aCTO BO3BpaiItai0TCH H83aa.
TTpa3aHyeTca JM JiHxaw apywecKaa nnpyutKa - KTO-HH6yab
H3 COCpaBHTHXCH ?a nt)OpOHT»T: "A K«KOBO-TO T6M, TOJIOaHHM?"
"TeMn - Bee 3HaKT, KTO 3TO.
BocxHrnaioTCH JIH orti^BwoH, KTO-JTH6O aa saMSTHT: "A KaKO-
BO-TO HM, pa3a©THM?n -"HM" - BCe 3HaK)T, KTO 3TO.
CnOTJHT JW, CBO^OCTHO BHCKa3HBa« CaMbie paSJTHMHHe MHeHHH,
HaSaeTca KTO-HH(5yab, KTO yaHBHTCff: "A TaM <5H na 3TO..."
nTaMn - Bee 3Ha»T, rae 3TO.
H B nHJiKHx H B cepbesHwx pa3roBopax o ne^aJTbHoit cyab-
<5e PoaHHH qacTO u,HTHpy»Tca CTHXH HeKpacoBa, neBiuero o cxpaaa-
HHHX pyccKOro Hapoaa, CTHXH, CTaBmne CTpaHHO coaByqHHMH Hanien
anoxe.
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HyXHO OrOBOTJHTbCH, MTO BOCneTK© H©KpaCOBHM "cTpaa«wHa
6bWIH CTpaaaHHiTMH HO KpHTSpHK) 19 B©Ka. T©n©pb 3TH CTpaaaHHH
noKa3aJiHCb 6m "ocBo6oxa©HHOMy" pyccKOMy Hapoay paeM.
XapaKTepHO « TO, HTO Kascaaa cbpasa HeKpacoBa o napoaHOM
rope He noTepajia cBoero 3HaqeHj*« ceftqac - OHa TSK ute aKTyajrb-
Ha, aax© HecicoTpa Ha TO, ITO a©8eTBHTe^ibHocTb npeBoexoanT Bee
B THcaqn TNCHM pa3.
HeyaHBHTejrbHO no3TOMy, qTO aaTop TeMOH CBoeft patfoTH
BH6D8UI "HeKpacoB - neBen. ropa HapoaHoro".
ABTop CMHTaeT 3Ty TeMy BSOKHOH. T.K., KBK ysce 6njio
CKa3aHO Bimie, CTHXH HeKpacoBa ao cTpaHHoro CO3BVHHH HanreMy
Bp©MeHH, H©CMOTpa Ha aaBHOCTb HX HanHCaHHH.
"CipaaaHHa pyccKOro Hapoaa" - Tenia, He cxoaamafl c VCT
pyccKHx JiroaeM B H3rHaHHH H ocHOBHa*i TeMa HeKpacoBCKoro TBop-
qecTBa, H cjroBaMH nosTa MH BHCKa3HBaeM aojno CBOHX MHCJieS.
CoBpeMeHHaa POCCHH JtHiueHa FO^MOHCHOCTH HMeTb CO(5CTB6H-
HHX H©KpacoBHx. CMSJibMaKH, nHTaBHraeca ^Ka3aTb np^Bay o cTpa-
aaHHHX Hapoaa, XOTH <5H HaMeKOM yKasaTb HS CBoe Hecoiviaciie c
rocyaapcTB©HHHM CTPoeM, 6nji7i odpeqeHH Ha ccnJiKy, CMepTb, My-
H©HHH. MHorHe, oTHaflBiuttob, noiiMH Ha caMoyCnScTBO. ^tocTaToqHO
BcnoMHHTb HMeHa TyMHJieBa, BojrouiHHa H MHornx apyrnx.
BOT noaTOMy HeKpacoB <5JIH30K HSM C ero otfnaoH 3a nopa-
CoiueHHHfi Hapoa H c ero no33HeM, CecnpecTaHHO o TOM noroureM.
KpoMe Toro aBTOp CHHTaeT H©O<5XO/IHMWM ocpeTHTb T/TO-
XQCTBeHHH© aoCTOHHCTRa 6e3yCJTOBHO BeJTHKOrO HaitHOHaJIbHOrO no3Ta
BBEAEHHE vii
xyAOBBBRa a peaJtacTa, Gepjwfipo OCHOBOH CBOBPO TBopqecTBa Hapoa
a niayvoro B aapoAaoa CTB.*©, BO AO CBX nop H© naHHToro a H©-
AocTaToqHO on©H©HHoro MBOPBMB.
Baxea B 'TOT $aRT^ HTO HeRpacoB - sepRajio nepexoAaopo
nepaoaa B pyecRol JtarepaType 19-ro B©Ka, Koraa aa otiBteeTBea-
ay» eaeay noaBBjea BOBHB Rjiaee oo^ecTBa - KJiacc pa3B0iaaneB,
carpaBBRx <5ojibmy» pojib B nocK©Ay»«ea cyafcO© POCCBB a, MOXBT-
6"HTb, OTB©TCTB©HHHX SB BBSy 3KBPpaX(BK>.
BosToxy aBTop pemajt eson patfoTy nocBHTHTb pas(Sopy
TBOpieCTBa BBJIBROPQ B09TB B erO XyAOXeCTBeHBHM OC06©HHOCTffM,
eTBBaaiBx HeapacoBa B HBCJIO aaa60Jiee BNAa»iHHXca pyccRax noBTOB.
B aepsofi pjiaBe poBopaTca o npeanocHJiKax TBopqecTBa
HeRpaeoBa, nocTaBBBnax ©ro aa ayTb "neBija ropa HapoaHoro":
o ceMeBBO-poAOBBXBJiaaaaax; o npapoa© a RpecTbaacRoa epeAe, c
ROTOpHBR 0CO<5©HHO KBOPO BOOT COBpBRacaJtCB B A©TCTB©; O pSHHOM
BJDMIBBB popoAa a, BaRoaen., o BJIHHHHH caxofi anoxa, sepaee,
rpaaa AByx anox - OTxapaBBa "yoaaeCHoft1' Poccaa a HapoxAeaaa
BOBHX CJIOSB pasBoiBaneB a (JjaHaneoBoft tiypxyasaa.
Bropaa pjtasa nocB&steaa ocHOBBOxy TBopqecTBy HeKpacoBa -
cTHxoTBopeaaaM o xyxBRax, 06 ax Taxe^toit SKOHOMHMQCKOM a aopsuab-
HOB nojtoxeHBH B nepaoA RpeBocTHoro npaBa. B ae8 yAejieao BHB-
xaBBe (jHTy RpecTbaa, OCHOBHHM qepTaii ax xapaRTepa, ax oTHome-
HBD R pe$opxe a B3r^aay noaTa aa CyaymaocTb RpecTbaHCTBa.
TpexB« r^aBa nocB«m©Ha ACTAM a xeHamHaM B oTpaxeHaa
BeRpacoBcapff noasaa.
BBE.ZIEHHE • i ii
HexBepxaa rvtaBa oxBaTHBaex XBopqecxBO HeapacoBa, ox-
aocameeca R ropoay - deaaoxe a Bucmexy cBexy.
IlaTaa pjiaBa nocBaiaeHa aHajiH3y xyaoxecxBeHHHX ocodeH-
aocxea a AOCXOBBCXB noaxa.
ABxopy Kaxexca, qxo noaodHHB nopaaoK pacnpeaeJieHHfl
no pjiaBax aacx BosxoxHOCXb oxBaxaxb Haadojiee nojiBO OCHOBHH©
axaaa XBopqecTBa HeRpaeoBa a 3aaoaqaxb padoxy oneHKoM ax c
xyaox©CTB©HHOB cxopeax, x.e. npaAacx padoxe <5OJI©© HJIH xeaee
xoaoppa4»qeeRBM xapaaxep.
0 HeKpacoB© naeajiocb oaeHb KBOPO. Exy nocBamaJiH
dojibnae padoxn a accseAOBaaaa xaaae BejiaiBBH JiaxepaxypHoro
xapa KaK EBP©Hb©B-MaKcaxoB, HyKOBCKHH, 38xeB<5ayx, l©roJi©B,
ropa$ejibA, nxnaa B XBOPO apyrax.
K coxauieHHi), y exyaeaxoB CJaaBancKoro oxaeJia Bectxa
oiQrxax aeaocxaxoa JiaTepaxypH. TpyAHO aocxaxb aaxe OCHOBHH©
TpyaH nacaxejieM, ae roBopa o Kpaxaae HJIB cnenaa.abHHX padoxax.
noaxoxy as Top cqeji 3a .aynuee noJioxaxb B ocaoBy patioxx noapod-
HHB aHaJiB3 CTHxoTBopeHHfi HeRpaeoBa, acxoaa as npeanojiOKQHHa,
qxo p^aBHH© pepoa npoaaBeaeaaM, ra© HeRpacoB cax H© Bacxynaex
AeficxBynmax JHIUOVI, Bxpaxaiox xHeaae noaxa.
IVIABA I
nPEOTOCbMKH TBOPHECTBA HEKPACOBA
HTOGH noaaxb, RBRBX odpasox HeRpacoB npameji K cBoexy
xaapy, ixo A&SO exy Boaxoxaoexb nacaxb o RpecxbaHax, deABflKax,
Boodxe Bcex "ocRopdJieHaxx B yBBxeHHHXff xaa, RBR nacaJt OH,
caeAyex ocxaHOBBXbca aa HeRoxopxx cTopoaax ©ro jiaqHofi XH3HB,
aa BjnuiBBB BnenaxAeaaB aexcxsa, aa BJIHHHHH caxxx dJiasRax
jnoaeS - oxaa a xaxepa, aa JOHomecTB© - nepBxx caxocxoaxejibHxx
POABX noaxa, X.K. O6HHHO nepBaa nop a XBSHB KJiaaeT oxneiaxoR
aa xapaaxep q©jcoB©Ka, a y Jivm coaaaaiomax - Ha xapaaxep
XBopqecxBa.
I. CexeSao-poAOBne BJiaaHaa
Ha JJHHHOcTb HeKpacoBa.
HeRpacoB - Bsxoaen. as cpeaHeM ABopaHCRofi cexba.
CaeayeT HecKOJibKo sapjiaayxb aa3aa, B cexeKHyro acxopaio. Eme
npaaea noaxa odJiaaaJi ROJSocca^bHHU dopaxcxBOM. Ho Ryxexa,
X6HBJHBH, KapXH yX©BbflIH4IB 6PO SHaHHTeJIbHO. EBr©Hb©B-MaKCHMOB|
cpaBHBBaa AORyxeaxx, Racajomaeca cexefiaoR xpoaaRa poaa Heapa-
COBBX, aadpeji aa HeaoxopHe HHxepecHHe $aRXH. TaK, OKaauBaex-
ca, dojtbmaa qacxb COCTOHHHA npa-npaaeaa noaxa, HROBB HBaHOBana
HeRpaeoBa, tfHJia npoRyneaa a oq©Hb doJibniaa qacxb yum a na
I B.E. EBreHbeB-MaRCHMOB, HeRpacgB_RaK_3e50BeR _xyp;
A
SMBST.a.sggj, MocRBa-^eaaappaA, Toe.HSAT, 1928, cxp. 23.
