Molecular Anatomic Imaging: PET-CT and SPECT-CT Integrated Modality Imaging

640 Pages·2006·29.76 MB·English

by  Gustav K. von Schulthess MD PhD

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Molecular Anatomic Imaging
PET-CT and SPECT-CT Integrated Modality Imaging
SECOND EDITION
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Molecular Anatomic Imaging
PET-CT and SPECT-CT Integrated Modality Imaging
SECOND EDITION
EDITOR
GUSTAV K. VON SCHULTHESS, MD, PhD
Chief Medical Officer
Professor and Director
Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Radiology
University Hospital Zurich
Zurich, Switzerland
CD-ROM EDITOR
DANIEL T. SCHMID, MD
Clinical Fellow, Department of Radiology
Cantonal Hospital
Winterthur, Switzerland
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Acquisitions Editor: Lisa McAllister
Developmental Editor:Annette Ferran
Managing Editor:Kerry Barrett
Marketing Manager:Angela Panetta
Project Manager:Fran Gunning
Manufacturing Manager:Benjamin Rivera
Creative Director: Doug Smock
Compositor:TechBooks
Printer: R.R. Donnelley, Hong Kong
©2007 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
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Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA
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All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be
reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any
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Printed in Hong Kong
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Molecular anatomic imaging : PET-CT and SPECT-CT integrated modality / editor,
Gustav K. von Schulthess. — 2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Rev. ed. of : Clinical molecular anatomic imaging. c2003.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7817-7674-0 (hard cover : alk. paper)
1. Tomography, Emission. I. Schulthess, Gustav Konrad von.
II. Clinical molecular anatomic imaging.
[DNLM: 1. Positron-Emission Tomography.
2. Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon. WN 206 M718 2007]
RC78.7.T62S35 2007
616.07’575—dc22
2006023357
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To my wife Yela and my children Alexandra, Patrick, and Benjamin.
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Contents
Contributors xi 10 Image Coregistration and Coregistered Image
Foreword xv Rendering 74
Preface xvii Cyrill Burger
11 Quantifying PET 85
Cyrill Burger
Alfred Buck
PART 1: BASIC ASPECTS OF PET AND
SPECT INTEGRATED WITH CT IMAGING 1 12 Quantifying SPECT 90
David R. Gilland
1 Introduction 3
Timothy G. Turkington
Gustav von Schulthess
13 A Primer in Compartment Modeling 95
2 Radiation Sources for Emission Scanning: Cyrill Burger
Positron and Gamma Emission 10 Alfred Buck
Cyrill Burger
Alfred Pfeiffer
3 Basics of PET Scanning 16 PART 2: MAKING PET, PET-CT, AND
Cyrill Burger SPECT-CT A CLINICAL REALITY 103
David W. Townsend
14 Radiopharmaceuticals for Clinical PET, PET-CT,
4 Basics of SPECT Scanning: Emission and
and SPECT-CT Imaging 105
Transmission 30
Gustav K. von Schulthess
Timothy G. Turkington
15 PET Radiopharmaceuticals: Fluorinated
David R. Gilland
Compounds 109
5 Design Criteria for PET Scanners: Heinz H. Coenen
What is Important and Why 37
16 PET Radiopharmaceuticals: Perfusion
Charles Stearns Compounds [13N]Ammonia, [15O]Water,
Alexander Tokman [82RB]Rubidium and Other Generator
Products of Clinical Relevance 118
6 Basics of CT Scanning and Issues Relevant to
Simon M. Ametamey
Integrated Imaging 47
Peter Bläuenstein
Willi A. Kalender
P. August Schubiger
7 CT-Based Attenuation Correction for PET-CT 17 11C-Based PET-Radiopharmaceuticals of
Scanners 54
Clinical Value 121
Jonathan P. J. Carney
Kjell Någren
David W. Townsend
Christer Halldin
8 CT-Based Attenuation Correction for 18 SPECT Radiopharmaceuticals for Perfusion Imaging
SPECT 63 and Tumor and Inflammation Localization 128
Timothy G. Turkington Gerrit Westera
David R. Gilland
19 PET and PET-CT Imaging Protocols 133
Thomas F. Hany
9 Radiation Doses and Radiation
Protection 69 20 SPECT and SPECT-CT Imaging Protocols 141
Alfred Pfeiffer Daniela B. Husarik
Cyrill Burger Thomas F. Hany
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viii Contents
32 Integrated SPECT-CT and PET-CT in Cardiac
PART 3: CLINICAL PET- AND SPECT-CT
Imaging 252
OF THE BRAIN 147
Oliver Gaemperli
21 The Normal Brain Scan 149 Tiziano Schepis
Alfred Buck Gustav K. von Schulthess
Valerie Treyer Philipp A. Kaufmann
Bruno Weber
22 Brain Tumors: Astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma
and Glioblastoma Images with PET and SPECT 153
PART 5: CLINICAL PET-CT AND SPECT-CT
Lutz W. Kracht
IN BODY ONCOLOGY 259
Karl Herholz
Stefan Vollmar
33 PET-CT and SPECT-CT Body Scans: Artifacts,
Andreas H. Jacobs
Normal Variants, Pitfalls, and Findings of
23 Brain Tumors: Other Primary Tumors, Uncertain Pathologic Relevance 261
Metastases and Radiation Injury Imaged with Gustav K. von Schulthess
PET and SPECT 164
34 FDG-PET-CT in Head and Neck Cancer 287
Ian Law
Christina M. Thuerl
Lise Borgwardt
Hugh D. Curtin
Liselotte Hojgaard
24 Imaging of Cerebral Infection with PET 175 35 Sentinel Node Imaging in Head and Neck
Alfred Buck Tumors 306
Ehab M. Kamel Sandro J. Stoeckli
Christina M. Thuerl
25 Epilepsy Imaged with PET and SPECT 181
Alfred Buck 36 SPECT-CT and PET-CT of Tumors with an
Heinz-Gregor Wieser Unknown Primary 309
Gerhard Goerres
26 PET Imaging in Dementias and Extrapyramidal
Disorders 189 37 Thyroid Cancer Imaging with PET and SPECT 315
Alfred Buck Steven M. Larson
Ehab M. Kamel Ravinder K. Grewal
Klaus Tatsch Michael M. Tuttle
27 PET Imaging in Cerebrovascular Disease 200
38 PET and PET-CT of Non-Small Cell Lung
Alfred Buck
Cancer 327
Berhard Schuknecht
Hans C. Steinert
Yasuhiro Yonekawa
39 PET and PET-CT of Small Cell Lung
Cancer 340
Hans C. Steinert
PART 4: CLINICAL PET AND Ehab M. Kamel
INTEGRATED MODALITY IMAGING OF
THE HEART 213 40 PET and PET-CT of Malignant Pleural
Mesothelioma 343
28 The Normal Heart Scan: PET and SPECT 215 Hans C. Steinert
Philipp A. Kaufmann Ramon de Juan
29 Coronary Artery Disease: Perfusion with PET and 41 PET and PET-CT of Esophageal and Gastric
SPECT 220 Cancers 347
Philipp A. Kaufmann Jamshed B. Bomanji
Farrokh Pakzad
30 Coronary Artery Disease: Tissue Viability and
Darren L. Francis
Perfusion 227
Peter J. Ell
Markus Schwaiger
Stephan G. Nekolla
42 PET and PET-CT of the Liver and
31 PET and SPECT in Other Cardiac Diseases 244 Pancreas 357
Frank M. Bengel Thomas F. Hany
Markus Schwaiger Klaus Strobel
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Contents ix
43 PET-CT and SPECT-CT of Other Gastrointestinal 57 PET and PET-CT in Radiation Treatment Planning 501
Tumors: Somatostatin Receptor—Positive and Steven M. Larson
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors 364 Kenneth Rosenzweig
Heiner Bihl Heiko Schöder
Gerald Antoch John Humm
44 PET and PET-CT of Colorectal and Anal
Carcinoma 382
PART 6: CLINICAL PET-CT AND SPECT-CT
Farrokh Pakzad
IMAGING OF INFLAMMATION IN THE
Jamshed B. Bomanji
BODY 517
Svetislav Gacinovic
Peter J. Ell
58 Physiological Basis of Inflammation Imaging 519
45 PET and PET-CT in Breast Carcinoma 393 Achim H. Kaim
Richard L. Wahl Gustav K. von Schulthess
46 SPECT-CT Imaging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in 59 Soft Tissue Infections: PET-CT and SPECT-CT
Breast Cancer 410 Imaging 524
Daniela B. Husarik Klaus Strobel
Hans C. Steinert Katrin D. M. Stumpe
Gustav K. von Schulthess
47 PET and PET-CT In Kidney Tumors and
Bladder Cancer 413 60 Muskuloskeletal Infections: PET-CT and SPECT-CT
Hossein Jadvar Imaging 534
Peter S. Conti Katrin D. M. Stumpe
Klaus Strobel
48 PET and PET-CT of Testicular Cancer 417
Juerg Hodler
Thomas F. Hany
61 Infections in Patients with Metallic Implants:
Klaus Strobel
PET-CT and SPECT-CT Imaging 543
49 PET-CT and SPECT-CT in Prostate Cancer 422 Katrin D. M. Stumpe
Daniela B. Husarik Jürg Hodler
Thomas F. Hany
62 Rheumatologic Disease:
50 PET and PET-CT of Tumors of the Female Imaging with PET-CT and SPECT-CT 551
Genital Tract 427 Klaus Strobel
Lilie L. Lin Jürg Hodler
Farrokh Dehdashti
Barry A. Siegel
Perry W. Grigsby
PART 7: CLINICAL PET-CT AND SPECT-CT:
51 PET-CT and SPECT-CT of Malignant Bone MISCELLANEOUS AND PEDIATRIC
Tumors 443 APPLICATIONS 559
Janet F. Eary
63 SPECT and PET in Benign Thyroid and Parathyroid
52 PET-CT and SPECT-CT of Bone Metastases 450
Disease 561
Klaus Strobel
Ujwal N. Bhure
Daniela B. Husarik
Daniela B. Husarik
Thomas F. Hany
64 Integrated SPECT-CT Imaging in Pulmonary
53 PET and PET-CT in Soft Tissue Sarcomas 456
Thromboembolism 567
Janet F. Eary
Christina M. Thuerl
54 PET-CT and SPECT-CT of Malignant Hans C. Steinert
Melanoma 468
65 PET-CT and SPECT-CT of Benign Bone Tumors 569
Hans C. Steinert
Abbas Yousefi-Koma
55 PET and SPECT-CT in Lymphoma 479 Klaus Strobel
Karoline Spaepen
66 Special Considerations in Pediatric PET-CT and
Sigrid Stroobants
SPECT-CT Imaging 574
56 PET and PET-CT in Multiple Myeloma 495 Lise Borgwardt
Sven N. Reske Annika Loft
Anja Dankerl Liselotte Højgaard
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x Contents
67 PET-CT and SPECT-CT in Pediatric Tumors and 68 PET-CT and SPECT-CT in Non-Neoplastic,
Infections 583 Noninflammatory Pediatric Diseases 597
Martin Hutchings Liselotte Højgaard
Lise Borgwardt Lise Borgwardt
Annika Loft
Liselotte Højgaard Index 602