Metal Nanoparticles-Polymer Hybrid Materials

140 Pages·2022·7.631 MB·English

by  Iole Venditti

Metal Nanoparticles-
Polymer Hybrid
Materials
Edited by
Iole Venditti
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Polymers
www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers
Metal Nanoparticles-Polymer
Hybrid Materials
Metal Nanoparticles-Polymer
Hybrid Materials
Editor
IoleVenditti
MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade•Manchester•Tokyo•Cluj•Tianjin
Editor
IoleVenditti
RomaTreUniversity
Italy
EditorialOffice
MDPI
St.Alban-Anlage66
4052Basel,Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal
Polymers(ISSN2073-4360) (availableat:https://www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers/specialissues/
MetalNanoPolymers).
Forcitationpurposes,citeeacharticleindependentlyasindicatedonthearticlepageonlineandas
indicatedbelow:
LastName,A.A.;LastName,B.B.;LastName,C.C.ArticleTitle. JournalNameYear,VolumeNumber,
PageRange.
ISBN978-3-0365-5203-3(Hbk)
ISBN978-3-0365-5204-0(PDF)
©2022bytheauthors. ArticlesinthisbookareOpenAccessanddistributedundertheCreative
Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon
publishedarticles,aslongastheauthorandpublisherareproperlycredited,whichensuresmaximum
disseminationandawiderimpactofourpublications.
ThebookasawholeisdistributedbyMDPIunderthetermsandconditionsoftheCreativeCommons
licenseCCBY-NC-ND.
Contents
AbouttheEditor ........................................................................................................................................ vii
Prefaceto”MetalNanoparticles-PolymerHybridMaterials” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
IoleVenditti
MetalNanoparticles–PolymersHybridMaterialsI
Reprintedfrom:Polymers2022,14,3117,doi:10.3390/polym14153117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
AndreaFiorati,AriannaBellingeri,CarloPunta,IlariaCorsiandIoleVenditti
SilverNanoparticlesforWaterPollutionMonitoringandTreatments:EcosafetyChallengeand
Cellulose-BasedHybridsSolution
Reprintedfrom:Polymers2020,12,1635,doi:10.3390/polym12081635 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Irena Jacukowicz-Sobala, Ewa Stanisławska, Agnieszka Baszczuk, Marek Jasiorski and
Elz˙bietaKociołek-Balawejder
Size-ControlledTransformationofCu2OintoZeroValentCopperwithintheMatrixofAnion
ExchangersviaGreenChemicalReduction
Reprintedfrom:Polymers2020,12,2629,doi:10.3390/polym12112629 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
GinaM.DiSalvo,AbbyR.Robinson,MohamedS.Aly,EricR.Hoglund,SeanM.O’Malley
andJulianneC.Griepenburg
Polymersome Poration and Rupture Mediated by Plasmonic Nanoparticles in Response to
Single-PulseIrradiation
Reprintedfrom:Polymers2020,12,2381,doi:10.3390/polym12102381 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
WoongGiLee,YounghyunChoandSangWookKang
Effect of Ionic Radius in Metal Nitrate on Pore Generation of Cellulose Acetate in
PolymerNanocomposite
Reprintedfrom:Polymers2020,12,981,doi:10.3390/polym12040981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Julia Radwan-Pragłowska, Łukasz Janus, Marek Piątkowski, Dariusz Bogdał and Dalibor
Matysek
3D Hierarchical, Nanostructured Chitosan/PLA/HA Scaffolds Doped with TiO2/Au/Pt NPs with
Tunable Properties for Guided Bone Tissue Engineering
Reprintedfrom:Polymers2020,12,792,doi:10.3390/polym12040792 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
MeimeiWu,ChaoZhang,YihanJi,YuanTian,HaonanWei,ChonghuiLi,ZhenLi,Tiying
Zhu,QianqianSun,BaoyuanManandMeiLiu
3DUltrasensitivePolymers-PlasmonicHybridFlexiblePlatformforIn-SituDetection
Reprintedfrom:Polymers2020,12,392,doi:10.3390/polym12020392 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
JorgeARoacho-Pe´rez,FernandoGRuiz-Hernandez,ChristianChapa-Gonzalez,HerminiaG
Mart´ınez-Rodr´ıguez, Israel A Flores-Urquizo, Florencia E Pedroza-Montoya, ElsaN
Garza-Trevin˜o, Minerva Bautista-Villareal, Perla E Garcı´a-Casillas and Celia N S
a´nchez-Dom´ınguez
Magnetite Nanoparticles Coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80: In Vitro Characterization Using
PrimaryCellCultures
Reprintedfrom:Polymers2020,12,300,doi:10.3390/polym12020300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
PeiyuanShao,PengXu,LeiZhang,YunXue,XihuiZhao,ZichaoLiandQunLi
Non-ChlorideinSituPreparationofNano-CuprousOxideandItsEffectonHeatResistanceand
CombustionPropertiesofCalciumAlginate
Reprintedfrom:Polymers2019,11,1760,doi:10.3390/polym11111760 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
v
About the Editor
IoleVenditti
Iole Venditti is Associate Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the Science Department of the
Roma Tre University of Rome, Italy. She holds an international Ph.D. in Materials Science from
SapienzaUniversityofRome.Herresearchfocusesonmicroandnanostructuredmaterials,basedon
noblemetals(goldplatinumsilver,copper)onpolymersandhybridsystems. Thesematerialshave
foundapplicationinoptoelectronicdevices,indrugdeliveryandinthedetectionofenvironmental
pollutants.Shehascollaboratedwithmanyresearchersaroundtheworldonvariousresearchprojects
onthesetopics. SheisEditorforseveralhigh-levelinternationaljournals,includingNanomaterials,
Polymers,Chemosensors. Shecurrentlyhas4patents,hascollaboratedon2books,haspublished
morethan100scientificarticles,withmorethan3000citationsandhasanh-indexof36,according
toScopus.
vii
Preface to ”Metal Nanoparticles-Polymer
Hybrid Materials”
Thiscollectionfocusesonatopicofgreatinterest,hybridmetal-polymernanomaterials.Infact,
hybridnanostructuredsystemsbasedonpolymersandmetalsarehighlycompetitiveandefficient
andarestartingtobepresentontheglobalmarket. ThisiswhyIfounditstimulatingtoopena
specialissueonthistopicandtofilltheroleofGuestEditor. Thebookopenswithaneditorialthat
presents the various works and their common threads. What results is characterized by a broad
multidisciplinarity and boasts international contributions, with authors from different countries
(Italy, Poland, USA,Korea, CzechRepublic, China, Mexico,) tounderlinehowsciencecanalways
representabridgebetweenpeoplesandcultures. Allcontributionsrepresentworksfromleading
universitiesandresearchcentersaroundtheworld. I,asGuestEditor,andtheMDPIstaffarevery
pleasedtoofferthisspecialissuetoallreadersinterestedinthevastworldofhybridnanomaterials.
IoleVenditti
Editor
ix
polymers
Editorial
Metal Nanoparticles–Polymers Hybrid Materials I
IoleVenditti
SciencesDepartment,RomaTreUniversity,ViadellaVascaNavale79,00146Rome,Italy;
[email protected];Tel.:[phone]
Importantdiscoverieshavecharacterizedthelastdecade,highlightingtheimpor-
tanceofinvestmentinresearchinfieldssuchasmedicine,biology,computerscience,and
physics[1–9].
Hybridnanosystems,inwhichdifferentcomponentssynergisticallycontributeto
peculiarproperties,areanimportantexampleofhowmultidisciplinarityisnowessential
fordevelopinginnovativeideasandmaterials.Inparticular,thestudyanddevelopment
ofhybridmaterialsbasedonmetalnanoparticlesandpolymersrequirestudiesonthe
structure–propertyrelationships,andwillallowadvancedapplicationsinsectorssuchas
energy,optoelectronics,andenvironmentalprotection[10–16].
Therefore,thisSpecialIssuewasborn,collectingcontributionsfromdifferentsectors
suchaschemistry,engineering,physics,andbiology.Thegreatgoalachievedwiththiscol-
lectioniscertainlytheabilitytoprovideanupdatedoverviewofboththegreatopportunities
andthechallengesthathybridmaterialsbasedonmetal–polymernanoparticlescreate.
Oneofthekeytopicsofthelastdecadeconcernstheuseofsilvernanoparticles(AgNPs)
andtheirincreasingintegrationintoenvironmentalapplications,includingthemonitoring
andtreatmentofwaterpollution,whichisraisingconcernsabouttheirenvironmental
impact. ThereviewbyFioratietal.[17]analyzesthesituationbasedonthemostrecent
literatureandproposesadesignstrategythatcombinesbetterperformancewiththeabsence
ofrisksforecosystems.Thereview,startingwithanoverviewoftherecentpreparations
ofAgNPsandtheiruses,indicatespotentialsolutionsbasedonAgNPs–cellulosehybrid
materialsthatwouldbeefficientandeco-compatibleformonitoringandtreatingwater
Citation:Venditti,I.Metal
pollution.Thedevelopmentofthesehybridmaterialsfollowinganeco-designapproach
Nanoparticles–PolymersHybrid
canrepresentawinningstrategyforexploitingAgNP-basednanotechnologiesforthe
MaterialsI.Polymers2022,14,3117.
monitoringandtreatmentofwaterpollution.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
I. Jacukowicz-Sobala et al. [18] presented the preparation of composite materials
polym14153117
containingzero-valentcopper(ZVC)dispersedinamatrixoftwocommerciallyavailable,
Received:11July2022 stronglybasicanionexchangerswithamacroreticular(AmberliteIRA900Cl)andgel-
Accepted:27July2022 like(AmberliteIRA402OH)structure.TheCu0particlesappearedintheresinousphase
Published:30July2022
asaproductofthereductionoftheprecursor,i.e.,copper(I)oxideparticlespreviously
Publisher’sNote:MDPIstaysneutral depositedinthetwosupportmaterials. Asaresult,macroporousandgel-typehybrid
withregardtojurisdictionalclaimsin productscontainingZVCwereobtained,withtotalcoppercontentsof7.7and5.3%by
publishedmapsandinstitutionalaffil- weight,respectively.X-raydiffractionandFourier-transforminfraredspectroscopy(FTIR)
iations. confirmed the successful transformation of the starting oxide particles into a metallic
deposit.Ascanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)studyshowedthatthemorphologyofthe
depositismainlyinfluencedbythetypeofmatrixexchanger.Consideringthatboththe
reactionparametersandtheoperatingtechniquesinfluencethesize,shape,anddistribution
Copyright: © 2022 by the author. ofCu0,aswellastheporousstructureofthepolymermatrix,thecompositematerials
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
obtainedcanhavepromisingapplications,includingincatalyticorphotocatalyticchemical
Thisarticleisanopenaccessarticle
reactionsinvolvingbothgaseousorliquidreagents,aswellasshowingantibacterialactivity.
distributed under the terms and
G.M.DiSalvoetal.[19]studiedtheself-assemblyofamphiphilicdiblockcopolymers
conditionsoftheCreativeCommons
intopolymericvesicles,commonlyknownaspolymersomes,resultinginaversatilesystem
Attribution(CCBY)license(https://
foravarietyofapplicationsincludingdrugdeliveryandmicroreactors.Inthisstudy,the
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/). incorporationofhydrophobicplasmonicnanoparticleswithinapolymersomemembrane
Polymers2022,14,3117.https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14153117 1 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers
Polymers2022,14,3117
facilitatedthelight-stimulatedreleaseofvesicleencapsulants.Thisworksoughttoachieve
tunable,triggeredreleasewithnon-invasive,spatiotemporalcontrolusingsingle-pulse
irradiation.Goldnanoparticles(AuNPs)wereincorporatedasphotosensitizersintothe
hydrophobicmembranesofmicron-scalepolymersomes, andthecargo-releaseprofile
wascontrolledbyvaryingthepulseenergyandnanoparticleconcentration. Thestudy
demonstratedtheabilitytoachieveimmediatevesicleruptureaswellasvesicleporation
resultingincargodiffusion.Additionally,changingthepulseduration,fromfemtosecond
tonanosecond,providedmechanisticinsightintothephotothermalandphotomechanical
contributorsthatgovernmembranedisruptioninthispolymer–nanoparticlehybridsystem.
W.G.Leeetal.[20]presentedthepreparationofporouscelluloseacetate(CA)for
applicationasabatteryseparator.Cd(NO3)2·4H2Owasutilized,withwaterpressureasan
externalphysicalforce.WhentheCAwascomplexedwithCd(NO3)2·4H2Oandexposed
toexternalwaterpressure,thewaterfluxthroughtheCAwasobserved,indicatingthe
generationofporesinthepolymer.Furthermore,asthehydraulicpressureincreased,the
waterfluxincreasedproportionally,indicatingthepossibilityofthecontroloftheporosity
andporesize.Surprisingly,thefluxvalue,above250LMH(L/m2h),observedattheratioof
1:0.35(molarratioofCA:Cd(NO3)2·4H2O)washigherthanthefluxesofCA/othermetal
nitratesalt(Ni(NO3)2andMg(NO3)2)complexes.Thehighervalueindicatedthatlargerand
abundantporesweregeneratedinthecelluloseacetateatthesamewaterpressure.Thus,it
couldbepostulatedthattheCd(NO3)2·4H2Osaltplayedaroleasastrongerplasticizerthan
theothermetalnitratesaltssuchasNi(NO3)2andMg(NO3)2.Thecoordinativeinteractions
betweentheCAandCd(NO3)2·4H2OwereinvestigatedbyIRspectroscopy.Thechangein
ionicspeciesinCd(NO3)2·4H2OwasanalyzedbyRamanspectroscopy.
Tissueengineeringisanareainwhichbiomedicalresearchisinvestingheavily[21,22].
Tissueengineeringrepresentsanalternativetoautologousgrafts.Itsapplicationrequires
three-dimensionalscaffolds,whichmimicthehumanbody’senvironment.Thistopicisdis-
cussedbytheworkofJ.Radwan-Pragłowskaetal.[23]regardingbone-tissueengineering.
Infact,boneisthesecondtissuetobereplaced,andannually,overfourmillionsurgical
treatmentsareperformed.Bonetissuehasahighlyorganizedstructureandcontainsmostly
inorganiccomponents.Thescaffoldsofthelatestgenerationshouldnotonlybebiocompat-
iblebutalsopromoteosteoconduction.Poly(lacticacid)(PLA)nanofibersarecommonly
usedforthispurpose;however,theylackbioactivityanddonotprovidegoodcelladhesion.
Chitosanisacommonlyusedbiopolymerthatpositivelyaffectsosteoblasts’behavior.The
aimofthisstudywastopreparenovelhybrid3Dscaffoldscontainingnanohydroxyapatite
capableofstimulatingcellresponses.MatricesweresuccessfullyobtainedbyPLAelectro-
spinningandmicrowave-assistedchitosancrosslinking,followedbydopingwiththree
typesofmetallicnanoparticles(Au,Pt,andTiO2). Theproductsandsemi-components
werecharacterizedintermsoftheirphysicochemicalproperties,suchaschemicalstructure,
crystallinity,andswellingdegree.Thenanoparticles’andreadybiomaterials’morphologies
wereinvestigatedbySEMandTEMmethods.Finally,thescaffoldswerestudiedfortheir
bioactivityonMG-63andeffectsoncurrent-stimulatedbiomineralization.Theobtained
resultsconfirmedthepreparationoftunablebiomimickingmatricesthatmaybeusedasa
promisingtoolforbone-tissueengineering.
M. Wu et al. [24] introduced a three-dimensional (3D) pyramid to the polymer–
plasmonichybridstructureofpolymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)compositeAgNPsasa
higher-quality,flexiblesurface-enhancedRamanscattering(SERS)substrate. Theeffec-
tiveoscillationoflightinsidethepyramidvalleycouldprovidewidedistributionsof3D
“hotspots”inalargespace. Theinclinedsurfacedesignofthepyramidstructurecould
facilitatetheaggregationofprobemolecules,enablingthehighlysensitivedetectionof
rhodamine6G(R6G)andcrystalviolet(CV).Inaddition,theAgNPsandPMMAcomposite
structuresprovidedauniformspacedistributionforanalytedetectioninadesignated
hotspotzone. TheincidentlightcouldpenetratetheexternalPMMAfilmtotriggerthe
localizedplasmonresonanceoftheencapsulatedAgNPs,achievinganenormousenhance-
mentfactor(~6.24×108).Afteritunderwentmechanicaldeformation,theflexibleSERS
2
Polymers2022,14,3117
substratestillmaintainedhighmechanicalstability,whichwasprovedbyexperimentsand
theory.Forpracticalapplications,thepreparedflexibleSERSsubstratewasadaptedforthe
insituRamandetectionofadenosineaqueoussolutionandmethylene-blue(MB)molecule
detectionontheskinofafish,providingadirectandnondestructiveactiveplatformfor
detectiononsurfaceswithanyarbitrarymorphologyandaqueoussolution.
Magneticnanoparticles(MNPs)arelargelyinvestigatedforbiomedicalapplications.
However,ifnotproperlydesigned,MNPscancauseseveralproblems,suchascytotoxicity
orhemolysis.J.A.Roacho-Pérezetal.[25]comparedbaremagnetitenanoparticlesagainst
magnetitenanoparticlescoatedwithacombinationofpolyethyleneglycol3350(PEG3350)
andpolysorbate80(Tween80). Thephysicalcharacteristicsofthenanoparticleswere
evaluated. Aprimarycultureofsheepadiposemesenchymalstemcellswasdeveloped
tomeasurethenanoparticlecytotoxicity.Asampleoferythrocytesfromahealthydonor
wasusedforthehemolysisassay.Theresultsshowedthesuccessfulobtentionofmagnetite
nanoparticlescoatedwithPEG3350–Tween80,withasphericalshape.Biologicalstudies
showedalackofcytotoxicityatdoseslowerthan1000μg/mLformesenchymalstemcells,
andalackofhemolyticactivityatdoseslowerthan100μg/mLforerythrocytes.
AttheendofthisSpecialIssue,wehavetheworkofP.Shaoetal.[26]addressing
theeffectsofcuprousnano-oxideontheflame-retardantpropertiesofcalciumalginate.
−
NanocuprousoxidewaspreparedonasodiumalginatetemplatefromwhichCl was
excludedandbasedonwhichcalciumalginate/nanocuprousoxidehybridmaterialswere
preparedbyaCa2+-crosslinkingandfreeze-dryingprocess.Thethermaldegradationand
combustionbehaviorofthematerialswerestudiedbyrelatedcharacterizationtechniques
usingpurecalciumalginateforcomparison. Theresultsshowthattheweightlossrate,
heatreleaserate, peakheatreleaserate, totalheatreleaserate, andspecificextinction
areaofthehybridmaterialswereremarkablylowerthanthoseofpurecalciumalginate,
andtheflame-retardantperformancewassignificantlyimproved. Infact,nanocuprous
oxideformedadenseprotectivelayerofcopperoxide,calciumcarbonate,andcarbonby
loweringtheinitialdegradationtemperatureforthepolysaccharidechainduringthermal
degradationandcatalyticallydehydratingtocharinthecombustionprocess;thereby,it
couldisolatecombustiblegases,increasecarbonresidualrates,andnotablyreduceheat
releaseandsmokeevacuation.
Inconclusion,astheeditorofthisSpecialIssue,Iamawarethatthediversityand
innovationofnewcompoundsandtoolsthatarerapidlydevelopinginthefieldofmulti-
disciplinaryresearchrelatedtonanomaterialsbasedonnoblemetalscannotallbecollected
inasinglevolume.However,Iamcertainthatthiscollectionwillcontributetotheinterest
intheresearchinthisarea,providingourreaderswithabroadandupdatedoverviewof
thistopic.
Funding:Thisresearchreceivednoexternalfunding.
Acknowledgments:Aspecialthankyougoestoalltheauthorsforsubmittingtheirstudiestothe
presentSpecialIssue.Moreover,theGrantofExcellenceDepartments,MIUR-Italy(ARTICOLO1,
COMMI314337LEGGE232/2016)andRegioneLazio(ProgettiGruppidiRicerca2020—protocollo
GeCoWEBn.A0375-2020-36521,CUPE85F21002440002)aregratefullyacknowledged.
ConflictsofInterest:Theauthordeclaresnoconflictofinterest.
References
1. Gnecco,G.;Pammolli,F.;Tuncay,B.Welfareandresearchanddevelopmentincentiveeffectsofuniformanddifferentialpricing
schemes.Comput.Manag.Sci.2022,19,229–268.[CrossRef]
2. Piddock,L.J.V.;Paccaud,J.-P.;O’Brien,S.;Childs,M.;Malpani,R.;Balasegaram,M.ANonprofitDrugDevelopmentModelIsPart
oftheAntimicrobialResistance(AMR)Solution.Clin.Infect.Dis.Off.Publ.Infect.Dis.Soc.Am.2022,74,1866–1871.[CrossRef]
[PubMed]
3. Linaza,R.V.;Genovezos,C.;Garner,T.;Panford-Quainoo,E.;Roberts,A.P.Globalantimicrobialstewardshipandtheneedfor
pharmaceuticalsystemstrengtheningforantimicrobialswithinaOneHealthapproach.Int.J.Pharm.Pract.2022,30,175–179.
[CrossRef][PubMed]
3