Table Of Content
MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY
IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
Thisworkmakesavailableforthefirsttimeinonededicatedvolume
PhilipvanderEijk’sselectedpapersonthecloseconnectionsthatex-
istedbetweenmedicineandphilosophythroughoutantiquity.Medical
authorssuchastheHippocraticwriters,Diocles,Galen,Soranusand
CaeliusAurelianuselaboratedonphilosophicalmethodssuchascausal
explanation,definitionanddivision,applyingconceptssuchastheno-
tionofnaturetotheirunderstandingofthehumanbody.Similarly,
philosopherssuchasPlatoandAristotlewerehighlyvaluedfortheir
contributionstomedicine.Thisinteractionwasparticularlystriking
inthestudyofthehumansoulinrelationtothebody,asillustratedby
approachestotopicssuchasintellect,sleepanddreams,anddietand
drugs.Withadetailedintroductionsurveyingthesubjectasawhole
andanewchapteronAristotle’streatmentofsleepanddreams,this
wide-rangingcollectionisessentialreadingforstudentsandscholars
ofancientphilosophyandscience.
philip j. van der eijk is Professor of Greek at the Uni-
versity of Newcastle upon Tyne. He has published widely on an-
cient philosophy, medicine and science, comparative literature and
patristics.HeistheauthorofAristoteles.Deinsomniis.Dedivinatione
persomnum(Berlin:AkademieVerlag,1994)andofDioclesofCarystus.
A Collection of the Fragments with Translation and Commentary
(2vols.,Leiden:Brill,2000–1).Hehaseditedandco-authoredAncient
Histories of Medicine. Essays in Medical Doxography and Historiogra-
phyinClassicalAntiquity(Leiden:Brill,1999)andco-editedAncient
MedicineinitsSocio-CulturalContext(2vols.,AmsterdamandAtlanta:
Rodopi,1995).
MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY
IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul,
Health and Disease
PHILIP J. VAN DER EIJK
ProfessorofGreekattheUniversityofNewcastleuponTyne
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridge,UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
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©PhilipvanderEijk2005
Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionof
relevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplace
withoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublishedinprintformat 2005
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guaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
ForArachne
Contents
Acknowledgements pageix
Noteontranslations xiii
Noteonabbreviations xiv
Introduction 1
i hippocratic corpus and diocles
of carystus
1 The‘theology’oftheHippocratictreatiseOntheSacred
Disease 45
2 DioclesandtheHippocraticwritingsonthemethodof
dieteticsandthelimitsofcausalexplanation 74
3 Tohelp,ortodonoharm.Principlesandpracticesof
therapeuticsintheHippocraticCorpusandinthework
ofDioclesofCarystus 101
4 Theheart,thebrain,thebloodandthepneuma:Hippocrates,
DioclesandAristotleonthelocationofcognitiveprocesses 119
ii aristotle and his school
5 Aristotleonmelancholy 139
6 TheoreticalandempiricalelementsinAristotle’streatmentof
sleep,dreamsanddivinationinsleep 169
7 The matter of mind: Aristotle on the biology of ‘psychic’
processesandthebodilyaspectsofthinking 206
vii
viii Contents
8 DivinemovementandhumannatureinEudemianEthics8.2 238
9 OnSterility(‘Hist.an.10’),amedicalworkbyAristotle? 259
iii late antiquity
10 Galen’suseoftheconceptof‘qualifiedexperience’inhis
dieteticandpharmacologicalworks 279
11 TheMethodismofCaeliusAurelianus:someepistemological
issues 299
Bibliography 328
Indexofpassagescited 379
Generalindex 396
Acknowledgements
SincetheoriginalpublicationofthesepapersIhavetakentheopportunity
tomakesome,mostlyminor,revisionstosomechapters,mainlyonpoints
ofstyleandpresentation,inordertoenhanceaccessibility.Thusquotations
fromGreekandLatinarenowaccompaniedbyEnglishtranslationsorpara-
phrase,andinseveralcaseswordsinGreekscripthavebeentransliterated.
I have also in a number of cases taken account of publications that have
come out since the paper was first published; there have, however, been
no changes to the substance, and all revisions have been clearly marked
by square brackets; in some cases I have presented them in the form of a
postscriptattheendoftherelevantchapter,soastofacilitatereferenceto
theoriginalpublication.
Chapter1wasfirstpublishedinApeiron23(1990)87–119,andisreprinted
(withslight,mainlystylisticalterations)withthekindpermissionofAca-
demicPrintingandPublishing.
Chapter2wasfirstpublishedinR.WitternandP.Pellegrin(eds.),Hip-
pokratische Medizin und antike Philosophie (Medizin der Antike, Band 1),
Hildesheim: Olms, 1996, 229–57, and is reprinted here with the kind
permission of Olms Verlag; but the numeration of the Diocles frag-
ments, and the translation of fr. 176 printed here have been modified in
accordance with the relevant sections in my Diocles of Carystus, Leiden,
2000,whicharereprintedherewiththekindpermissionofBrillAcademic
Publishers.
Chapter3isaslightlyexpandedversionofapaperpublishedunderthe
title ‘The systematic status of therapy in the Hippocratic Corpus and in
theworkofDioclesofCarystus’,inI.Garofalo,D.Lami,D.Manettiand
A. Roselli (eds.), Aspetti della terapia nel Corpus Hippocraticum, Florence:
Olschki, 1999, 389–404, reprinted with the kind permission of Olschki
Editore;anabbreviatedversioninDutchappearedunderthetitle‘Helpen,
ofnietschaden.Enkeleuitgangspuntenvantherapeutischhandeleninde
klassiekeGrieksegeneeskunde’inHermeneus71(1999)66–71.
ix
