Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV

461 Pages·1993·20.46 MB·English

by  H. Ekiert (auth.)

Volumes already published
Volume 1: Trees I (1986)
Volume 2: Crops I (1986)
Volume 3: Potato (1987)
Volume 4: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I (1988)
Volume 5: Trees II (1989)
Volume 6: Crops II (1988)
Volume 7: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II (1989)
Volume 8: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering I (1989)
Volume 9: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II (1989)
Volume 10: Legumes and Oilseed Crops I (1990)
Volume 11: Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I (1990)
Volume 12: Haploids in Crop Improvement 1(1990)
Volume 13: Wheat (1990)
Volume 14: Rice (1991)
Volume 15: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III (1991)
Volume 16: Trees III (1991)
Volume 17: High-Tech and Micropropagation I (1991)
Volume 18: High-Tech and Micropropagation II (1992)
Volume 19: High-Tech and Micropropagation III (1992)
Volume 20: High-Tech and Micropropagation IV (1992)
Volume 21: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV (1993)
Volumes in preparation
Volume 22: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering III (1993)
Volume 23: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering IV
Volume 24: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V
Volume 25: Maize
Volume 26: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI
Volume 27: Somatic Hybridization in Crop Improvement I
Biotechnology in
Agriculture and Forestry 21
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV
Edited by Y P. s. Bajaj
With 250 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo
Hong Kong Barcelona
Budapest
Professor Dr. y.P.S. BAJAJ
A-137
New Friends Colony
New Delhi 110065, India
ISBN-13:978-3-642-77006-7 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-77004-3
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-77004-3
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. (Revised for volume 4). Medicinal and
aromatic plants. (Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry; 4,15,21) Includes bibliographies and
index. 1. Medicinal plants-Biotechnology. 2. Aromatic plants-Biotechnology. 3. Plant cell
culture. 4. Materia medica, Vegetable. I. Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1936- . II. Series: Biotechnology in
agriculture and forestry; 4, etc. TP248.27.P55M43 1988 660'.62 88-3059
ISBN-13:978-3-642-77006-7 (U.S.: v. 1)
This work is subject to copyright. AIl rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993
Softcoverreprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does
not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the
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Production Editor: Ingrid Samide, Heidelberg
Typesetting: Macmillan India Limited, Bangalore
31/3145-5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper
Dedicated to
Andrea Bajaj
Preface
Recently, the pharmaceutical industry has shown considerable interest in
the en masse micropropagation of elite plants, and the large-scale produc
tion of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures through the use of
bioreactors. This is now being realized by the selection of high-yielding
somac1ones or through the production of hairy roots by transformation with
Agrobacterium rhizogenes. These new developments need to be high-lighted
and brought to the attention of workers dealing with medicinal, aromatic,
and other plants of industrial importance. A series of books on the biotech
nology of medicinal and aromatic plants is therefore being compiled to
provide a survey of the literature focusing on recent information and the
state of the art.
This book, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV, like the previous three
volumes (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I, II, and III, published in 1988,
1989, and 1991, respectively) is unique in its approach. It comprises 28
chapters dealing with the distribution, economic importance, conventional
propagation, review of tissue culture studies, and the in vitro production of
important medicinal and pharmaceutical compounds in various species of
Ammi, Bergenia, Canavalia, Capsicum, Cassia, Cephaelis, Cornus, Cucurbita,
Elettaria, Eupatorium, Genipa, Gentiana, Gypsophila, Hygrophila, Leon
topodium, Nerium, Picrasma, Polygonum, Ptelea, Rheum, Scopolia, Silene,
Solanum, Strophanthus, Tagetes, Thymus, and Uncaria.
This book is tailored to the needs of advanced students, teachers, and
research workers in the fields of plant biotechnology and chemical engineer
ing, pharmacy, botany, and phytochemistry.
New Delhi, October 1992 Professor Y. P. S. BAJAJ
Series Editor
Contents
I Ammi majus L. (Bishop's Weed): In Vitro Culture
and the Production of Coumarin Compounds
H. EKIERT (With 11 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 1
2 In Vitro Approaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Conclusions and Prospects .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
4 Protocol ........................................... 14
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14
II Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch (Bergenia):
Micropropagation and Arbutin Contents
M. FURMANOWA and L. RApCZEWSKA (With 7 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 18
2 In Vitro Approaches ................................. 23
3 Conclusions and Prospectives ......................... 30
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32
III Canavalia enisformis L. DC (Jackbean): In Vitro Culture
and the Production of Canavanine
C. OROPEZA, G. GODOY, J. QUIROZ, and V. M. LOYOLA-VARGAS
(With 11 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 34
2 Toxic Components of the Seed ........................ 37
3 Inactivation of Antimetabolites .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40
4 Conventional Practices for Its Propagation. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41
5 In Vitro Approaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41
6 Conclusions and Prospects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47
IV Capsicum spp. (Peppers): In Vitro Production of Capsaicin
P. D. WILLIAMS (With 11 Figures)
1 General Account .................................... 51
2 In Vitro Approaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53
3 Conclusions and Prospects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61
4 Protocol ........................................... 62
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62
x Contents
V Cassia didymobotrya (Wild Senna):
In Vitro Culture, Biotransformation and the Production
of Secondary Metabolites
B. BOTTA and G. DELLE MONACHE (With 15 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 64
2 In Vitro Approaches ................................. 65
3 Summary and Conclusion ............................ 84
4 Protocol ........................................... 84
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85
VI Cephaelis ipecacuanha A. Richard (Brazilian Ipecac):
Micropropagation and the Production of Emetine
and Cephaeline
K. YOSHIMATSU and K. SHIMOMURA (With 16 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 87
2 In Vitro Approaches ................................. 90
3 Conclusions and Prospects ........................... , 100
4 Protocols for Micropropagation and Production
of Alkaloids ........................................ 100
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 102
VII Comus officinalis: In Vitro Culture and the Production
of Gallotannins
K. YAZAKI and T. OKUDA (With 9 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 104
2 In Vitro Approaches ................................. 106
3 Conclusions and Prospects .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113
VIII Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin): In Vitro Production
of Ascorbate Oxidase
M. ESAKA (With 12 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 115
2 In Vitro Culture .................................... , 115
3 Conclusions and Prospects ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 128
4 Protocol for Ascorbate Oxidase Production
by Cultured Pumpkin Cells ........................... 129
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 129
IX Elettaria cardamomum Maton (Cardomom): Aromatic
Compounds, in Vitro Culture Studies, and Clonal Propagation
y P. S. BAJAJ, B. R. REGHUNATH, and P. K. GOPALAKRISHNAN
(With 8 Figures)
1 General Account .................................... 132
Contents XI
2 Medicinal Importance and Secondary Metabolites ....... 134
3 In Vitro Culture Studies .............................. 137
4 Conclusions ........................................ 145
5 Protocol for Callusing and Caulogenesis ................ 146
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 146
X Eupatorium cannabinum L. (Hemp Agrimony):
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Benzofurans
P. PROKSCH and R. SIEBERTZ (With 6 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 148
2 In Vitro Approaches ................................. 149
3 Conclusions ........................................ 160
4 Protocol .............................." ............. 160
References ............................................ 161
XI Genipa americana L. (Marmalade Box):
In Vitro Production of Iridoid Glucosides
S. VEDA (With 4 Figures)
1 General Account .................................... 162
2 In Vitro Approaches ................................. 166
3 Conclusions and Prospects for Commercial V se ......... 169
4 Protocol ........................................... 170
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 170
XII Gentiana Species: In Vitro Culture, Regeneration,
and Production of Secoiridoid Glucosides
L. SKRZYPCZAK, M. WESOLOWSKA, and E. SKRZYPCZAK
(With 6 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 172
2 In Vitro Approaches ................................. 175
3 Protocol ........................................... 181
4 Conclusion and Prospects ............................ 182
References ............................................ 183
XIII Gypsophila paniculata L. (Baby's Breath):
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Gypsogenin Saponins
M.HENRY (With 10 Figures)
1 General Account .................................... 187
2 In Vitro Culture of G. paniculata ...................... 193
3 Conclusions and Prospects .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 203
4 Protocol ........................................... 204
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205
XII Contents
XIV Hygrophilaerecta: In Vitro Culture and the Production
of Verbascoside
M. HENRY, 1.-L. ROUSSEL, and C. ANDARY (With 4 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 207
2 Distribution and Importance of the Plant ............... 208
3 In Vitro Approaches ................................. 209
4 Conclusion ......................................... 214
5 Protocol ........................................... 214
References ............................................ 214
XV Leontopodium alpinum Casso (Edelweiss):
In Vitro Culture, Micropropagation, and the Production
of Secondary Metabolites
I. L. I. HOOK (With 13 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 217
2 In Vitro Approaches ................................. 219
3 Conclusions and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230
4 Protocol ........................................... 230
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 231
XVI Nerium spp.: In Vitro Culture and the Production
of Secondary Metabolites
D. H. PAPER and G. FRANZ (With 12 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 233
2 Main Components of Nerium spp ...................... 233
3 Cell Cultures of Nerium spp. . ......................... 243
4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 244
5 Protocol ........................................... 247
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 247
XVII Picrasma quassioides Bennet (Japanese Quassia Tree):
In Vitro Culture and Production of Quassin
A. H. SCRAGG and E.1. ALLAN (With 20 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 249
2 In Vitro Approaches ................................. 250
3 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 267
References ............................................ 268
XVIII Polygonum hydropiper L. (Water Pepper):
In Vitro Culture and the Production of the Aphid-Antifeedant
Polygodial
D. V. BANTHORPE (With 4 Figures)
1 General Account .................................... 269
2 Biotechnological Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 273