Table Of ContentMACROPHAGESAND
NATURAL KILLER CELLS
Regulation and Function
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo
NICHOLAS R. DI LUZIO, Tulane University School of Medicine
EPHRAIM KATCHALSKI-KATZIR, The Weizmann Institute of Science
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute
ABEL LAJTHA, Rockland Research Institute
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan
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and Roberto Strom
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Edited by Paul Nieuwenhuis, A. A. van den Broek, and M. G. Hanna, Jr.
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IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES-II
Edited by M. Z. Atassi
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REGULATION OF PHOSPHATE AND MINERAL METABOLISM
Edited by Shaul G. Massry, Joseph M. Letteri, and Eberhard Ritz
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Edited by Akira Makita, Shizuo Handa, Tamotsu Taketomi, and Yoshitaka Nagai
Volume 153
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Volume 154
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE X CHROMOSOME: Studies of Duchenne Muscular
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Volume 155
MACRO PHAGES AND NATURAL KILLER CELLS: Regulation and Function
Edited by Sigurd J. Normann and Ernst Sorkin
MACROPHAGES AND
NATURAL KILLER CELLS
Regulation and Function
Edited by
Sigurd J. Normann
College of Medicine
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
and
Ernst Sorkin
Department of Medicine
Swiss Research Institute
Davos, Switzerland
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International RES Congress on Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells (9th: 1982:
Davos, Switzerland)
Macrophages and natural killer cells.
(Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 155)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
1. Macrophages - Congresses. 2. Phagocytes - Congresses. I. Normann, S. J. II.
Sorkin, Ernst, 1920- . III. Series. [DNLM: 1. Killer cells-Physiology-Con
gresses. 2. Macrophages-Physiology-Congresses. WI AD559 v. 155/WH 650
M1744 1982]
QRI85.8.M3I57 1982 616.0719 82-16158
ISBN 978-1-4684-4396-7 ISBN 978-1-4684-4394-3 (eBook)
DOl 10.1007/978-1-4684-4394-3
Proceedings of the Ninth International RES (Reticuloendothelial Society) Congress,
held February 7 -12,1982, in Davos, Switzerland
©1982 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
TO
ELIE METCHNIKOFF
ON THE lOOTH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS DISCOVERY OF
MACROPHAGES
PREFACE
This book is the outcome of a meeting held in Davos, Switzerland,
February 7-12, 1982 focused primarily on mononuclear phagocytes and
on natural killer (NK) cells. This IX International RES Congress
was attended by 489 scientists from 31 countries and there were 340
scientific presentations in oral or poster session.
The essential purpose of the Congress was to bring together
scientists representing various aspects of mononuclear phagocyte
biology to review and examine cri~ically the effects and mechanisms
of macrophage growth control as well as the participatio~ of these
cells in the afferent and efferent limbs of the immune response.
Additional topics included the production and distribution of mono
nuclear phagocytes; the intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of these
cells; and the origin, nature, function and regulation of NK cells.
The ultimate goal of the Congress was to enhance communication between
scientists in various countries and disciplines so that new research
directives could be defined with which to explore basic aspects of
macrophage and NK cell participation in the control of cancer and
infection.
The macrophage is recelvlng increased scientific attention which
is a proper reflection of the central role this cell plays in homeo
stasis. The Congress was designed to emphasize the following unique
and timely aspects of macrophage biology: (a) The various growth
regulating aspects of macrophages were examined with respect to both
normal and abnormal cellular proliferation. Discussion focused upon
the regulatory role of macrophages in hematopoiesis and lymphocytic
and fibroblastic proliferation as examples of normal cell processes,
and these effects were contrasted with those on neoplastic and trans
formed cells. (b) Regulation of macrophage function by prostaglan
dins, complement, and interferon was analyzed from the point of view
of an auto-regulatory network. (c) The parallel between chemotaxis
and phagocytosis was explored with reference to recognition events
and cytoskeletal function. (d) The role of macrophages in the af-
vil
PREFACE
ferent and efferent limbs of the immune response focused on the nature
of lymphocyte-macrophage communication and the role of I region as-
sociated determinants. '
This focus on macrophages and homeostasis generated certain
questions which formed the basis of the Congress and which are ad
dressed in the papers collected in this volume. Among the questions
are the following:
By what means does the macrophage plasma membrane recognize for
eigness? Is chemotaxis a form of directional phagocytosis? How
are trans-membrane signals utilized to effect microfilament and
microtubular functions essential to chemotaxis and phagocytosis?
Can monoclonal antibodies or physical properties be used to define or
isolate subsets of macrophages with restricted activities?
Do all macrophages have the capacity to express Ia antigens despite
the fact that only a minority of the cells express the product
of the Ir gene at any given time?
How do lymphokines activate macrophages?
Is a cell which produces colony stimulating factor capable of respond
ing to lymphokine and becoming cytotoxic to tumor cells? Do
monokines and NK cells act as suppressor cells to certain lympho
cyte functions? Are the prostaglandins and colony stimulating
factors that participate in hematopoiesis also stimulating or
retarding growth of transformed cells?
It is becoming increasingly evident that NK cells and macrophages
share the common property of non-specific cytotoxic and bactericidal
activities. Although the spectrum of susceptible target cells may
differ and the two cells may be derived from different cell lineages,
it appeared appropriate to include in the Congress and in this volume
a discussion of natural resistance mechanisms.
Spontaneously occurring cytotoxic cells may influence cancer
emergence and hematopoietic differentiation as well as graft rejection
and viral infection. The activity of these cells is modulated by
interferon and other agents which also activate macrophages. In the
discussion oriented symposium which concluded the Congress and which
is reproduced here, the critical issues were addressed of whether or
not the cells responsible for natural resistance to grafts of renal,
hematopoietic and leukemic cells, to carcinoma, sarcoma and melanoma
cells and to certain viruses are related and which kinds of molecules
are recognized on the surface of neoplastic and non-neoplastic tar-
PREFACE
gets. In addition, the nature of surface markers on effector cells
and the regulation of natural resistance mechanisms were presented,
including the interaction of effector and regulatory accessory cells.
We hope that this volume reproduces the essence of the scientific
exchange that characterized the IX International RES Congress.
S. Normann
Gainesville, Florida, USA
E. Sorkin
Davos, Switzerland
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
IX INTERNATIONAL RES CONGRESS
SPONSORING SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS
American Reticuloendothelial Society
European Reticuloendothelial Society
Japanese Reticuloendothelial Society
Swiss Society of Allergology and Immunology
CONTRIBUTORS
Registration fees rarely cover ~he costs of a meeting and gener
ally arrive late after certain expenses have been incurred. Thus, the
financial health of the Congress would not have been possible with
out the timely and generous support of our friends in industry, gov
ernment, -and private foundations. We express sincere gratitude for
the financial support provided by the following:
Accurate Chemical & Scientific Corp., Westbury, NY
Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany
Centre de Recherche Merrell International, Strasbourg, France
Ciba-Geigy AG, Basel, Switzerland
Eli Lilly and Company, Surrey, England
Gruppo Lepetit, Milano, Italy
Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
Imperial Chemical Ind. Ltd., Macclesfield, Cheshire, U.K.
xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Merck Sharp & Dohme, Rahway, NJ, USA
Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO, USA
Nestle S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
Nyegaard Cie., Oslo, Norway
Sandoz AG, Basel, Switzerland
Solco AG, Basel, Switzerland
Schweizerische Kreditanstalt, Davos, Switzerland
Swiss Cancer League, Berne, Switzerland
Swiss National Science Foundation, Berne, Switzerland
Swissair, Zurich, Switzerland
The American Reticuloendothelial Society
The European Reticuloendothelial Society
The Japanese Reticuloendothelial Society
Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
US Pharmaceutical Corp., Revlon Health Care Group
Tuckahoe, NY, USA
CONGRESS ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Sigurd Normann,
Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville,
Florida 32610/USA
Ernst Sorkin,
Schweizerisches Forschungsinstitut, Medizinische Abteilung,
7270 Davos-Platz/Switzerland
David Wilkins,
Centre de Recherche Merrell, 16, rue
d~Ankara,
67084 Strasbourg-Cedex/France
