Table Of ContentTkkfe;k dh dgkuh
vCnqy x+¶+Qkj engksyh
Hkwfedk
tkfe;k esa vkus ds ckn eSaus tkfe;k vkSj tkfe;k ds edln ij dbZ y[s k
fy[ksA lu~ 49 ds ckn tkfe;k dh okf"kZd fjiksVZ ;k ml fjiksVZ dh leh{kk fy[kuk
esjs gokys jgkA ysfdu eSa yxkrkj ;g vuqHko djrk jgk gw¡ fd eSa ,d ,sls laLFkku
vkSj ,sls dkeksa ds ckjs esa fy[k jgk gw¡ tks eq>ls nwj ugha rks fdlh gn rd vyx
t+:j gSA vius LoHkko dks ns[krs gq, bl ekufld fofPNUurk dks xyr ;k cqjk
ugha le>rk cfYd blh vlEi`drrk ds dkj.k gh eSa viuk larqyu [kks, fcuk
tkfe;k esa vM+rhl lky fcrk ldkA ysfdu tkfe;k esa vCnqy x+¶Q+ +kj engksyh tSls
lsod Hkh gSa ftUgksau s vius O;fDrRo dks tkfe;k esa fcYdqy lek fn;k gS vkSj ftudh
uCt+ tkfe;k dh uCt+ ds lkFk bl rjg pyrh gS tSls mudk otwn tkfe;k ds
otwn ls vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA mlds gj uqd+lku ls muds fny ij ,d
?kko yxrk gS vkSj mldh çxfr dk gj d+ne mudks thus dh ubZ ÅtkZ nsrk gSA
tkfe;k dk dke muds fy, dsoy vPNk vkSj ykHknk;d dke ugha gS cfYd muds
fny dk gky c;ku djrh gSA tkfe;k fefYy;k bLykfe;k njvly ;gh yksx gSa
vkSj muesa esjs ut+nhd vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj engksyh lgh vFkksaZ esa cgqr yksdfç; gSaA
tkfe;k fefYy;k jk"Vªh; ,drk dh felky vkSj ç;ksxksa dk LFkku blh dkj.k cu
ldk fd mlesa vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj engksyh tSls f'k{kd gSaA
'kk;n viuh blh ekufld fofPNUurk ds dkj.k eSa vU; lkfFk;ksa dh vis{kk
vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc ds O;fDrRo vkSj f'k{kd ds :i esa mudh {kerk dk csgrj
vuqeku yxk ldrk gw¡A og mlwy ds cgqr ikcan gSa vkSj blh ds dkj.k eq>s ,d
lcd+ feyk ftls vc rd ugha Hkwyk gw¡A mUgksaus lu~ 31 ;k 32 bZ- esa eq>ls ,d
lekjksg dh v/;{krk djus dh vuqjks/k dh] eSaus oknk dj fy;k exj lekjksg dk tks
le; fuf'pr Fkk mlls vk/ks ;k ,d feuV nsj ls igq¡pk ns[kk fd esjh txg dksbZ
vkSj v/;{krk dj jgk gSA ;g l[+rh flQZ+ esjs lkFk ugha dh xbZA vHkh dqN fnu
gq, tkfe;k dqykf/kifr Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu us eq>ls vCnqy x+¶Q+ +kj lkgc dk mYys[k
djrs gq, dgk fd ,d ckj mUgsa çkFkfed enjls ls ,d lekjksg esa igq¡pu s esa dqN
2
nsj gks xbZ Fkh blfy, vCnqy x¶+Q+kj lkgc us mudh txg fdlh nwljs dks v/;{k
cukdj dk;ZokbZ vkjaHk dj nhA bldk muds Åij cgqr çHkko iM+k vkSj og le;
dh cgqr vf/kd ikcan gksus yxsA Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu lkgc ds vkSj esjs ikl tks
ft+Eesnkjh jgh gS muds dkj.k gekjh vknrksa dks tkfe;k ds :Vhu dks cukus vkSj
fcxkM+us esa n[k+y jgk gS vkSj vxj tkfe;k ds lekjksgksa esa le; dh ikcanh dh
tkrh jgh gS rks bldh cgqr cM+h otg ;g gS fd vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc us Mk-
t+kfdj gqlSu ds vkSj esjs fny esa bZ'oj dk Hk; mRiUu dj fn;kA
eSaus tkfe;k esa cjlksa i<+k;k gS exj lQyrk dk vuqHko dHkh ugha gqvkA
dHkh bldh f'kdk;r gksrh fd Nk= /;ku ugha nsrs] dHkh bldh fd budh tkudkjh
cgqr de gS ;k {kerk cgqr de gSA bl çdkj #fp;ksa ls laxfr fcBkus vkSj bPNkvksa
dks iwjk djus dk vkuan eq>s cgqr de feykA bldk dkj.k laHkor% ogh ekufld
fofPNUurk gS ftldk mYys[k dj pqdk gw¡A vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc vius fo"k; dks
bl rjg vius ikl fcBk ysrs gSa tSls ek¡&cki vius cPps dks] vkSj mls bl rjg
I;kj djus yxrs gSa fd ns[kus okyksa ;kuh Dykl ds cPpksa dks Hkh I;kj vkus yxrk gS
vkSj fQj ;g crkuk eqf'dy gks tkrk gS fd og fo"k; dks vius ikl fcBkrs gSa ;k
Dykl ds cPpksa dksA vc mudk dke f'k{kdksa ds enjls esa mnwZ dh f'k{kk nsuk gS]
exj eq>s fo'okl gS ;gk¡ Hkh muds Nk=ksa esa dgha&u&dgha ogh Hkko mRiUu gks tkrk
gksxk tks çkFkfed enjls ds cPpksa esa mRiUu gksrk FkkA
Mk- t+kfdj lkgc ls eq>s irk pyk fd lu~ 1926 esa tc vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc
Nk= Fks vkSj cksfMaZx esa jgrs Fks] okMZu us f'kdk;r dh fd og 'kgj tkrs gSa vkSj
cgrq nsj ls okil vkrs gS] iwNus ij mUgksaus dgk fd eq>s ukVd ns[kus dk 'kkSd+ gS
blfy, 'kgj tkrk gw¡ vkSj okilh esa nsj gks tkrh gSA blh nkSjku dksbZ f'k{kd fonk
gq, vkSj Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu lkgc us mudh txg vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc dks Dykl
ysus dks dgkA nks ,d fnu ckn la;ksx ls ml Dykl ds lkeus ls xqt+js rks mUgksaus
ns[kk fd cPps fcYdqy gDdk&cDdk VdVdh yxk, cSBs gSa vkSj vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc
vfHku; ds vankt+ esa ikB i<+k jgs gSaA vPNk f'k{kd ikB dks bl çdkj efLr"d esa
mrkjrk gS tSls vfHkusrk vius vfHku; dks] vkSj i<+krs le; ,slh eu%fLFkfr mRiUu
djrk gS fd Nk= lq/k cq/k [kks cSBrs gSaA vCnqy x+¶Q+ +kj lkgc dh okLrfod {kerk
dk vuqeku gqvk rks Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu lkgc us mudks Vªsfuxa ds fy, eksxk Hkstk vkSj
FkksM+s nu ckn gh eksxk ls Mk- gkiZj ds i= vkus yxs fd vkius tks f'k{kd Vªsfuax ds
fy, Hkstk gS mlesa cgqr ls vn~Hkqr xq.k gSaA
3
eksxk ls okilh ds ckn vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc çkFkfed enjls ds fujh{kd fu;qDr
gq,A tkfe;k dks tks yksx ns[kus vkrs og Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu lkgc vkSj vCnqy
x¶+ +Q+kj lkgc ds cuk, gq, çkFkfed enjls dks n[s krs FksA blh enjls dk eqvk;uk
djus ds ckn baXyS.M ds f'k{kkfon lkYVj Mîwt us eq>ls dgk fd eSa vk/kh nqfu;k
ds enjls ns[kdj vk jgk gw¡] ysfdu ,slk enjlk eq>s dgha ugha feykA ;g lu~
1937 bZ- dh ckr gSA tc vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc enjls dh fuxjkuh ls vyx gks
pqds Fks] mUgsa vk'kk Fkh fd muds lkFkh cgqr yxu ls dke djuk viuk nSfud
:Vhu cuk ysaxsA dsoy 'kkSd vkSj #fp ls dke djuk muds fy, dkQ+h ugha FkkA
og ,slh fjvk;r ugha djr s ftlls dke dk Lrj fxj tk,A blfy, vxj mUgksaus
enjls esa tku Mky nh og f'k{kdksa dks d+kcw esa u dj ldsA fuxjkuh ls vyx gksus
ds ckn mUgksaus igyh vkSj nwljh d{kk esa ls ,d dh f'k{kk dk ft+Eek fy;k vkSj bl
lhfer {ks= esa Hkh mudh jpukRed 'kfä us cM+s dfj'es fn[kk,A çksVsDV i)fr tks
vU; i)fr;ksa esa ,d i)fr gS] blus muds 'kkSd+ vkSj fo'okl esa tknw dk vlj iSnk
dj fn;k vkSj bldh cnkSyr enjls ds Kku dk gj igyw f'k{kk&nh{kk vkSj {kerkvksa
dks mHkjus dk ,d felky cu x;kA lu~ 1942&43 esa vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc rhljh
d{kk ds f'k{kd Fks vkSj eSaus mudh ,d Mk;jh ns[kh gS ftlesa iwjs lky dh xfrfof/k
foLrkj ls fy[kh xbZ gSA esjk cgqr th pkgk fd mls dsoy mnwZ esa ugha cfYd Lo;a
mldk vuqokn djds vaxzst+h esa NiokšA exj lalk/kuksa dh deh vkSj viuh nlw jh
O;Lrrkvksa us bl bjkns dks iwjk ugha gksus fn;kA cgjgky vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc vius
fofHkUu 'kS{kf.kd ç;ksxksa vkSj i)fr;ksa dks NksVh NksVh iqLrdksa esa fy[krs jgs gSa vkSj
vk'kk gS fd le; ds lkFk mu iqLrdksa dk ewY; c<+rk jgsxkA
tkfe;k dh dgkuh fy[kus ds fy, vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc cgqr gh mi;qä O;fä
gSa] blfy, fd mudh ut+j ,d Lrjh; f'k{kd dh ut+j gS vkSj mudk fny ,slk
laosnu'khy gS fd muds o.kZu esa çHkko vkd"kZ.k vkSj vFkZ mRiUu dj nsrk gSA ftUgsa
'kk;n nwljk dksbZ nSfud lkekU; ckras le>dj vuns[kk dj nsrk] ;k fo'ks"k egRo
ugha nsrkA vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc vius gj ikB dks fopkj vkSj fooj.k ds çHkkoh gksus
dh ,d nkLrku cuk lds gSa vkSj tgk¡ ge dgrs gSa fd gk¡ ft+Unxh dks rks xqt+juk
Fkk geus tkfe;k esa xqt+kj nh ogk¡ mUgsa 'kkSd+ vkSj fgEer vkSj fo'okl dh Hkkouk
ut+j vkrh gSA mfpr gS fd bl u, nkSj esa tc fd ;g bPNk jkst+ cyorh gksrh
tkrh gS fd tkfe;k Hkh nwljs fo'ofo|ky; dh rjg gks tk,A fiNys nkSj ds vHkko
vkSj x+jhch ds et+s Hkh ;kn jgsa vkSj tkfe;k dh fof'k"Vrk dks cuk, j[ksaA
29 fnlEcj 1964 bZ eqgEen eqthc ¼tkfe;k dqyifr½ -
4
izLrkouk
fcjknjkus tkfe;k vkSj gennkZus tkfe;k
tkfe;k dh dgkuh vkidh lsok esa is'k dj jgk gw¡A 27 lky esa ls igys 21
lky dk fooj.k fy[kus esa eSaus viuh iqLrd ^^,d eqvfYye dh ft+Unxh** ls ykHk
mBk;k gSA ysfdu og iqLrd cPpksa dks lacksf/kr djds fy[kh Fkh vkSj ;g vki yksxksa
;kuh vius cqt+qxksaZ] nksLrksa vkSj tkfe;k ds ç'kaldksa vkSj mu yksxksa ds fy, gS tks
dHkh tkfe;k ds cPps Fks vkSj vc Lo;a cPpksa ds cki gSaA blhfy, eq>s ys[ku 'kSyh
esa FkksM+k ifjorZu djuk iM+kA ckn ds N% lkyksa ds fooj.k esa ^^gennsZ tkfe;k**
if=dk ls lgk;rk feyh lkFk gh laf{kIr bfrgkl vkSj tkfe;k dh fu;ekoyh ls Hkh
lgk;rk feyhA eq>s bldk iwjh rjg vglkl gS fd tkfe;k tSls egRoiw.kZ jk"Vªh;
laLFkku dk bfrgkl tSlk gksuk pkfg, oSlh fy[kuk esjs cl dh ckr ughaA ysfdu
;g ns[krs gq, fd tkfe;k ds ofj"B lkfFk;ksa esa ls tks yksx bl dke ds ;ksX; gSa]
mUgsa bldh QqlZr ugha] eSaus ;gh mfpr le>k fd ,d ckj bl dgkuh dks lh/ks
lkns 'kCnksa esa dg Mkyw¡A fQj vxj tkfe;k okyksa esa ls fdlh ;ksX; jpukdkj dh
bPNk gqbZ rks og tkfe;k dk okafNr bfrgkl fy[kdj bl igyh fu'kkuh dks d+ye
ds t+ksj ls iqjkuk dj nsaxsA
,d ckr vkSj dguh gSA tkfe;k fefYy;k dk fuekZ.k mlds lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dk
la;qä dkjukek gS vkSj muesa ls gj ,d dk ç;kl ç'kaluh; gSA ,d laf{kIr dgkuh
esa lcdk mYys[k ugha gks ldrk FkkA dsoy mu yksxksa dk uke vk;k ftuds gokys
dksbZ fo'ks"k foHkkx ;k fo'ks"k lsok FkhA ifjf'k"V esa 1924 bZ- deZpkfj;ksa vkSj fQj
1946 bZ- dh t;arh ds deZpkfj;ksa dh lwph nsus ls fdlh gn rd ;g dHkh iwjh gks
ldhA fQj Hkh ;ksX; vkSj fuLokFkZ yksxksa ds uke jg x, gksaxsA eq>s fo'okl gS fd
;g lc HkkbZ vkSj ofj"B lkFkh esjh etcwfj;ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, eq>s ekQ+ djsaxsA
vkidk lsod
vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj engksyh
29 vDVcw j 1964 bZ-
5
Ikgyk lky
¼29 vDVcw j 1920&twu 1921 rd½
1920 esa fons'kh vaxzsth 'kklu dk vf/kdkj lekIr djus vkSj Lojkt LFkkfir djus
ds fy, tc ns'k esa f[k+ykQ+r vkSj vlg;ksx vkanksyu dk t+ksj Fkk ekSykuk eqgEen
vyh] 'kkSdr vyh vkSj egkRek xka/kh ns'k dk nkSjk dj jgs FksA tks'k dh ygj lkjs
ns'k esa nkSM+ xbZ FkhA vlg;ksx ds çksxzke dk ,d vax ljdkjh 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa ls
laca/k&foPNsn djus dk Hkh Fkk ysfdu vyhx<+ ds bLykeh nk#y mywe esa cgqr dqN
çfrfØ;kokfn;ksa dk çHkqRo FkkA yM+dksa esa f[k+ykQ+r vkanksyu ds çfr #fp cgqr Fkh
ysfdu çfrfØ;kokfn;ksa dh f'k{kk u s mUgsa O;kogkfjd d+ne mBkus ds ;ksX; u NksM+k
FkkA ekSykuk eqgEen vyh vkSj vyhx<+ ds çca/kdksa esa dkQ+h le; ls vucu pyh
vk jgh FkhA yM+ds fopkjksa esa ekSykuk eqgEen vyh ds leFkZd Fks vkSj O;ogkj esa
dkfyt çca/ku dsA
lp gS xqykeh 'ksjksa dks ykseM+h ¼cqt+fny½ cuk nsrh gSA tc f'k{kk laLFkkvksa dks NksM+us
dh ek¡x 'kq# gqbZ rks vyhx<+ okys nqfo/kk esa FksA dgrs gSa fd ekSykuk eqgEen vyh
vkSj 'kkSdr vyh us xka/kh th ls dgk fd ;g dke gedks vyhx<+ ls 'kq# dju s nsaA
ekSykuk eqgEen vyh ds ikl dqN tks'khys Nk= igq¡ps Hkh Fks fd vki vyhx<+ esa
vkdj vlg;ksx vkanksyu dk fuea=.k D;ksa ugha nsrsA ekSykuk eqgEen vyh us mu
Nk=ksa ds mRlkg dks vyhx<+ ds Nk=ksa dh lkewfgd fo'ks"krk le>k vkSj ?kks"k.kk dh]
fd ge vyhx<+ igq¡psaxssA dkfyt çca/ku us Hkh fNi&fNi dj eqd+kcys dh rS;kfj;k¡
dhaA dqN yksx muls ç'u iwNus vkSj dqN yksx O;aX; djus ds fy, rS;kj gksdj
vk,A dkfyt ds Nk=ksa dh lHkk gqbZA xka/kh th us Hkk"k.k fn;kA vyh ca/kqvksa us Hkh
Hkk"k.k fn,] ysfdu gok teh ughaA dqN yksx [kq'k gq,] dqN 'kfeaZnkA fnu esa tylk
gqvk FkkA jkr dks tc çfrfØ;kokfn;ksa ds ?kj esa ?kh ds fn, ty jgs Fks] dqN
LokfHkekuh 'keZ ls lj >qdk, cSBs FksA dksbZ ltns esa iM+k gqvk Fkk] dksbZ jksrk FkkA ;s
cgqr FkksM+s ls yksx Fks vkSj çk;% os Fks ftUgksaus u tks'k ds ukjs yxk, Fks vkSj u
ekSykuk eqgEen vyh dks vyhx<+ esa vkdj vlg;ksx vkanksyu dk vkea=.k nsus ds
fy, rRij fd;k FkkA ;s 'kkar vkSj xaHkhj yksx FksA exj os vyhx<+ dh bl mis{kk
vkSj vlac)rk dks ugha ns[k ldrs FksA ;s vPNs Nk= FksA pkgrs Fks fd ijh{kk esa
lfEefyr gksdj viuh f'k{kk iwjh djsa vkSj fQj cu iM+s rks jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa
'kkfey gksaA exj vc D;k djrs\ ;g dSls ns[krs fd eqlyekuksa ds bl egku Kku
dsaæ esa bLyke dh lsok vkSj ns'k&lsok ds uke ij dqN R;kx dh ek¡x gSA vkSj ,d
6
lewg ls yCcSd ¼mifLFkr gw¡½ dk Loj u fudysA mUgksaus jkr gh jkr esa ijke'kZ
fd;k fd vc tks Hkh gks gesa dqN djuk pkfg,A lqcg gksrs gksrs muds ç;kl ls
;wfu;u esa Nk=ksa dh ,d lHkk iqu% vk;ksftr gqbZA bl lHkk dk jax vkSj FkkA fiNys
fnu dh gjdrksa ij i'pkrki vkSj Øks/k lkekU; :i ls QSy pqdk FkkA tks'khys
Hkk"k.k gks jgs FksA ukjs yx jgs FksA brus esa ekSykuk eqgEen vyh vkSj 'kkSdr vyh
gkWy esa igq¡psA tks yksx ml le; lHkk esa Fks] os lkjh mez mldks u HkwysaxsA nksuksa
Hkkb;ksa us cl nks&nks pkj&pkj feuV Hkk"k.k fn;k ftldk lkjka'k ;g Fkk fd
vyhx<+ gekjk vk/;kfRed ?kj gSA ge ;gk¡ cM+s vjeku ysdj vk, FksA VwVk gqvk
fny ysdj tkrs gSaA [kqnk gkfQ+t+A gt+kjksa ukStokuksa dk gqtwe fpYykdj jks jgk FkkA
cgqrksa dh fgpfd;k¡ ca/k xbZ FkhaA ,d dksgjke FkkA fny fi?ky fi?ky dj vk¡lqvksa ls
fudy iM+rs FksA bl fLFkfr esa vyh ca/kq gkWy ls pys x,A exj os dqN feuV cgqrksa
ds thou ds fu.kkZ;d feuV cu x,A rd+jhjksa dk tks'k c<+k FkkA blh esa fdlh us
mBdj ;g dgk fd gesa cs'kd bl laLFkku dks NksM+ nsuk pkfg,A ;gk¡ dh f'k{kk dk
ewY; gekjk /keZ gS] exj gesa csgrj f'k{kk dk çca/k djuk pkfg,A tks yksx gesa ;gk¡
ls tkus dk fuea=.k ns jgs gSa mudk drZO; gS fd os bl csgrj f'k{kk dk çca/k vius
flj ysaA ckr mfpr Fkh ysfdu mRlkg esa vkSfpR; dk cqjk gky gksrk gSA pkjksa vksj
ls yksx ml cspkjs oDrk ij VwV iM+sA ;g csbZeku gSA gesa fljkrs&eqLrd+he ¼lh/ks
ekxZ½ ls gVkuk pkgrk gSA ;g pkgrk gS fd gekjs tks'k dks BaMk dj nAs ;g tklwl
gSA bls MkDVj ft+;kmíhu us ukSdj j[k fy;k gSA vkSj u tkus D;k D;k dqN dgkA
bl ij bCus&glu lkgc ¼tks ckn esa tkfe;k mLekfu;k esa bfrgkl ds çk/;kid gq,
vkSj ;qokoLFkk esa ftudh e`R;q ,d jk"Vªh; nq?kZVuk Fkh½ [kM+s gq,A mUgksaus dgk fd
nwljs f'k{kk laLFkku dk çLrko rks loZFkk mfpr gSA bldk fojks/k le> esa ugha
vkrkA la;ksx ls bCus glu lkgc Hkh mlh t+ekus esa vflLVsaV ysDpjj fu;qDr gks
pqds FksA tks'k okyksa us mu ij rkus 'kq# fd,A t+kfgn vyh lkgc ¼'kkSdr vyh
lkgc ds lqiq=½ us fo'ks"k :i ls Hkk"k.k fn;kA fojks/k dk ,d rQw +ku mBk ftlesa
bCus glu lkgc dk Hkk"k.k Mwc x;kA
t+kfdj lkgc tks ml le; ,e-, vkSj ,y-,y-ch ds Nk= Fks ,d vjls ls chekj
FksA ¼os ml le; ;wfu;u ds okbl fçflMsaV Fks½ ,d dksus esa pqids cSBs ;g lqu jgs
FksA muls vc u jgk x;kA mUgksaus ,d t+ksjnkj Hkk"k.k fn;k fd gj mfpr ckr dks
rkuksa O;aX;ksa ls blh çdkj lekIr fd;k tk,xk rks ;g tks'k d<+h dk mcky gksdj
jg tk,xkA ckr tks dgh xbZ gS vxj lgh gS vkSj fny dks yxrh gS rks mls
ekfu,A ;g D;k fd tks dg jgk gS fd tklwl gS] ru[+okg ikrk gSA vkf[+kj vki
lc dh cqf) Hkz"V rks ugha gks xbZ gS] vkfn vkfn vkSj ,d i`Fkd f'k{kk laLFkku dh
7
LFkkiuk dk rkfdZd leFkZu fd;kA nqHkkZX; ls t+kfdj lkgc Hkh bCus glu lkgc ds
lkFk gh vflLVsaV ysDpjj fu;qDr gq, FksA muds ,d fe= lS;n eqgEen lkgc ¼tks
vyhx<+ esa fMekaM vkWQ+ yscj ds uke ls çfl) gks x, Fks½ mB s vkSj dgus yxs] tks
;g O;fä esjk nksLr gS] ;g vPNk vkneh gS] lPpk vkneh gS exj bl le; blds
ân; esa 'kSrku ?kql x;k gSA ;g Hkh viuh ru[+okg dks lqjf{kr djuk pkgrk gSA
bl fy, mik; dj jgk gS fd le; fey tk, vkSj ge dqN u dj ik,¡A nksLrksa]
/kks[kk u [kkvksA lS;n lkgc us çseiwoZd ;g Hkk"k.k fn;k Fkk] blfy, t+kfdj lkgc
ds çHkko ds ckotwn yksx t+kfdj lkgc dh ckr ekuu s dks rS;kj ugha FksA t+kfdj
lkgc ftudk psgjk #X.kkoLFkk ds dkj.k ihyk iM+ x;k Fkk vkSj lkjk 'kjhj ilhus
ls rj Fkk] fQj [kM+s gq,A bl ckj muds Hkk"k.k us yksxksa ds fopkjksa dh fn'kk cny
nhA bldk dkj.k ;g ugha Fkk fd mUgksaus igys ls csgrj rdZ fn, Fks] cfYd ;g Fkk
fd mUgksaus yksxksa dks mu rdksaZ ds çseiw.kZ gksus dk fo'okl fnyk;kA tc mUgksaus ;g
dgk fd eSa viuh ysDpjkjh ls R;kxi= nsrk gw¡ rks lcds eq¡g c¡n gks x,A bCus glu
lkgc us Hkh dgk fd eSa Hkh R;kxi= nrs k gw¡A ftu yksxksa dks Nk=o`fÙk feyrh Fkh
mUgksaus [kM+s gksdj viuh Nk=o`fÙk NksM+us dh ?kks"k.kk dhA og tks'k tks vHkh rd
'kCnksa ds nfj;k ds :i esa meM+ jgk Fkk] vc lR; ds njckj esa çseklDr lR; dk
migkj çLrqr djus yxkA 'kksj vkSj iqdkj dk LFkku xkaHkh;Z vkSj ladYi us ys
fy;kA varr% bl lHkk us ;g ek¡x Lohdkj dj yh fd vxj orZeku f'k{kk nks"kiw.kZ
gks rks csgrj f'k{kk dk çca/k djuk d+kSe dk drZO; gSA dkfyt ls ek¡x dh xbZ fd
og ljdkjh lac)rk dks NksM+s vkSj d+kSe ls ek¡x dh xbZ fd dkWyst ,slk u djs rks
ukStokuksa dh f'k{kk dk nlw jk çca/k fd;k tk,A
bl çdkj] tkfe;k fefYy;k dk fopkj mu tks'khys] vuqHkoghu ijarq Lusg;qDr vkSj
lfØ; ukStokuksa ds ijLij ijke'kZ ls vfLrRo esa vk;kA blesa bl fopkj dh 'kfDr
gS fd ;g Hkfo"; dk –f"Vdks.k vkSj gekjs Hkfo";&fuekZ.k dk ,d fopkj gSA ;gh
bldh det+ksjh gS fd geesa fparu vkSj vuqHko dh deh jgh gSA :f<+okfnrk vkSj
çxfr'khyrk ds ekeys esa çk;% nksuksa i{kksa dh ;gh 'kfä vkSj det+ksjh gksrh gSA ,d
u;k f'k{kk&laLFkku cukus dk fopkj ;gk¡ ls pykA vyh ca/kqvksa rd ;g fuosnu
igq¡pkA gdhe vtey [k+k¡ vkSj MkDVj valkjh rd igq¡pkA ekSykuk vcqy dyke
vkt+kn vkSj ekSykuk gljr eksgkuh rd igq¡pkA leLr eqfLye cqf)thfo;ksa rd
igq¡pkA jktuSfrd dk;Z dju s okys çk;% jpukRed dk;ksaZ ls cprs gSaA fdarq bl ek¡x
esa dqN ,slh lpkbZ Fkh fd lc us eku yhA blds fofHkUu i{kksa ij er&oS"kE; t+:j
Fkk] fdarq vkn'kZ :i esa lc us Lohdkj fd;k fd vyhx<+ d+kSe dh vkdk¡{kk dks
Bqdjkrk gS rks d+kSe dks vius ukStokuksa dh ek¡x dks ekuuk gksxkA
8
vc lqfu, nwljh rjQ+ dk dqN gkyA ukStokuksa us viuh ek¡x rks çLrqr dj nh
ysfdu mUgsa D;k irk Fkk fd mudk lkeuk fdu 'kfDr;ksa ls gSA os lkjh 'kfä;k¡ tks
va/kdkj dh 'kfDr;k¡ gSa viuk dke v¡/ksjs esa fNidj gh vPNk djrh gSaA os xqIr
"kM;a= dj jgh Fkha fd 'kkafrfç; yksx dgrs gSa fd mPp 'kklukf/kdkjh vkSj vyhx<+
dk;ZdrkZvksa esa VsyhQ+ksu }kjk lh/kk laidZ LFkkfir gks x;kA lkjs fgUnqLrku ls d+kSe
ds fgrS"kh vkSj leFkZd vius ljdkjh vkSj xS+jljdkjh dkeksa ls Nqfê;k¡ ysdj vkSj
dgha u dgha ls viuk ekxZ O;; Hkh çkIr dj ds vyhx<+ dks cpkus ds fy, py
[kM+s gq,A dkfyt çca/ku us yM+dksa ds ?kjksa dks i= fy[ks] fQj rkj fn, fd rqEgkjs
yM+ds dh tku [+krjs esa gSA mls cqyk yks cfYd vkdj ys tkvksA okLro esa tku ds
[+krjs dk dqN mik; yksx igys fnu ls dj jgs FksA ;s 'kklu dks crk jgs Fks fd
yM+ds ckx+h gks x, gSa] gekjs o'k esa ugha] iqfyl Hksft,A Q+kSt Hksft,A vkfn&vkfnA
vyhx<+ ml le; ns[kus dh txg FkhA vyhx<+okyksa dh cksyh esa ^Hkkafr&Hkkafr ds
okynSu ekrk&firk * Nk=koklksa esa ?kwers ut+j vkrs FksA ,d vksj ukStokuksa dk
( )
vkt+knh dk tks'k Fkk] jk"Vª lsok dh Hkkouk Fkh] csx+t+hZ yxHkx cs[+kqnh FkhA nwljh vksj
xqykeh FkhA dwVuhfr Fkh] LokFkZ FkkA ,d vksj tokuh Fkh nlw jh vksj cq<+kikA dkfyt
çca/ku dh ,d fofp= ckr ;g Fkh fd fdlh us Nk=ksa dks ,d ckj Hkh fdlh lHkk esa
vkdj ugha le>k;kA gk¡] vyx fNi&fNi dj muls feysA foyk;r tkus dh
Nk=o`fÙk fnykus dk ykyp nsrs] ukSdjh ds lCt+ckx+ fn[kkrs vkSj bl çdkj mu
ukStokuksa dh uSfrd e`R;q dh ihfBdk rS;kj djrsA cgqr ls ukStoku rks vius
ekrk&firk ds lkFk vius ?kjksa dks pys x,A csVk jksrk gqvk] cki 'kjek;k gqvk]
jsyxkM+h esa cSB ekuks viuk eq¡g fNik, tkrs FksA fQj Hkh dksbZ rhu lkS yM+ds jg
x, FksA mudk gky Hkh Lej.k ds ;ksX; gSA lHkk,¡ Fkha] ijke'kZ FksA Mkbfuax gky dk
[kkuk can dj fn;k x;k FkkA yM+dksa dh viuh O;oLFkk FkhA gSnjkckn ds ed+cwy
HkkbZ O;oLFkkid FksA çfrfnu ckgj ls dksbZ u dksbZ vkrk jgrk FkkA fofp= vkuane;
le; FkkA dbZ fnu rd vyh ca/kq ugha vk lds FksA vc os Hkh vk, vkSj vksYM
Cok;t+ dh bekjr ¼tks vf/kdrj ekSykuk 'kkSdr vyh vkSj [+oktk vCnqy ethn
lkgc ds ç;klksa ls cuh Fkh½ esa BgjsA ;gha lHkh cM+s yksx vk, vkSj ijke'kZ gq,A
yM+ds Hkh muesa lfEefyr gq,A ,d vksj os yksx Fks tks dgrs Fks fd bl dkfyt dks
NksM+dj nwljk laLFkku cuk ysaxsA dqN dh ;g ft+n Fkh fd ml oD+r rd u
fudysaxs tc rd cyiwoZd u fudkyk tk,A ,d og Hkh Fks fd tks dgrs Fks fd
cyiwoZd fudkyk x;k rks ge Hkh cyiwoZd is'k vk,axsA fiNys fxjksg esa gdhe
vtey lkgc Fks nwljs ds çeq[k ekSykuk eqgEen vyh lkgc Fks] rhljs ds gljr
eksgkuhA varr% ,d fnu lqcg dh uekt+ ds ckn D;k ns[krs gS fd dkfyt ds pkjksa
9
rjQ iqfyl ?ksjk Mkys gSA iqfyl dk ,d vf/kdkjh ekSykuk eqgEen vyh ds uke
vkns'k ysdj igq¡pk fd Nk=ksa ds lkFk dkfyt ls fudy tkb,A og d+kfQ+yk tc
ml f'k{kk laLFkku ls fudyk] ftls og vius ?kj ls vf/kd fç; le>rk Fkk rks
ns[kus okyksa ds fny fgy&fil x,A mu ukStokuksa ds psgjs ij bZeku dk uwj FkkA
lkeu s ,d ukStoku gjk >aMk fy, FkkA ftl ij dEyk r¸;ck fy[kk FkkA
lkFk&lkFk ekSykuk eqgEen vyh vkSj nwljs cM+s yksx FksA gdhe lkgc us dgha ls
dqN f'kfojksa dk çca/k fd;k FkkA ;g d+kfQ+yk tkdj mu f'kfojksa esa mrjkA lqcg ls
nksigj gks xbZ FkhA [kkuk idkus dh fdls lq/k Fkh vkSj fdls voljA vHkh viuh
Nkouh esa igq¡ps Hkh u Fks fd 'kgj ds yksx nsx+ksa esa idk gqvk [kkuk Bsyksa ij ykns
iqfyl ds ?ksjs ls cprs igq¡p x,A 'kke dks Hkh [kkuk 'kgj ls vk;kA izokl esa uekt+ksa
dk 'kkSd+ vkSj c<+ x;k FkkA beke dqjvku dk ikB djrk Fkk rks çrhr gksrk Fkk fd
vk;rsa fny esa [kqch tkrh gSaA ,slh xgjh /kkfeZdrk Fkh fd 'kk;n bl uLy ds yksxksa
ij dHkh ml is igys O;kIr u gqbZ FkhA jgus lgus esa dkQ+h d"V FkkA Q+kSt tSlk
çca/k Fkk ij Q+kSt tSlh lkexzh u FkhA exj ftu yksxksa us og d"V >syk Fkk os
dgrs gSa fd ,slk vkuannk;d le; thou esa fQj dHkh çkIr u gks ldkA /khjs&/khjs
O;oLFkk LFkkfir gks xbZA gdhe vtey [k+k¡ igys vehjs&tkfe;k ¼dqykf/kifr½ vkSj
ekSykuk eqgEen vyh igys ‘kS[kqy&tkfe;k ¼dqyifr½ gq,A mPp d{kk ds Nk=ksa esa ls
dqN f'k{k.k ds fy, fu;qä gks x,A t+kfdj lkgc] uw#Yykg lkgc] lS;n eqgEen
lkgc] jÅQ+ ik'kk lkgc vkfnA vyhx<+ ds f'k{kdksa esa ls ekSykuk vlye lkgc]
ekSykuk j'khn vgen lkgc] gkfQ+t+ Q+S;kt+ vgen lkgc] vCnqy djhe Q+k:d+h
vlg;ksx djds gh bu yM+dksa ds lkFk pys vk, FksA dqN yksx ckgj ls cqyk, x,A
rhu fganw çksQslj eækl ls vk,A dSykV lkgc Hkh blh le; vk,A
dkfyt ls fudkys tkus ls iwoZ vDVwcj bZ] 'kqØokj ds fnu fof/kor~ :i
29 1920
ls tkfe;k fefYy;k bLykfe;k dh LFkkiuk dh ?kks"k.kk gqbZA vyhx<+ dkfyt dh
efLtn esa mRlkg ls Hkj s gq, Nk= vkSj v/;kid ,d= gq,A gtjr 'kS[kqy&fgan
ekSykuk egewnqy glu lkgc ds gkFkksa LFkkiuk dh jLe vnk gqbZ] ftlds ckn mudk
çfl) LFkkiuk&Hkk"k.k ekSykuk 'kCchj vgen mLekuh us i<+dj lquk;k] blfy, fd
mudh rch;r Bhd ugha FkhA dqN va'k ;gk¡ m)`r gSa&
^^,s ukSfugkykus&oru! tc eSaus ns[kk fd esjs nnZ ds x+e[+okj ¼ftlls esjh gfì;k¡
fi?kyh tk jgh gSa½ enjlksa vkSj [+kkud+kgksa esa de vkSj Ldwyksa vkSj dkfytksa esa vf/kd
gSa rks eSaus vkSj esjs dqN çseh fe=ksa us ,d d+ne vyhx<+ dh vksj c<+k;kA vkSj bl
çdkj geus fganqLrku ds nks ,sfrgkfld LFkkuksa ¼nsocan vkSj vyhx<+½ dk fj'rk
tksM+kA
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