International Encyclopedia of Adult Education

763 Pages·2005·94.41 MB·English

by  Leona M. English (eds.)

INTERNATIONAL ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
ADULT EDUCATION

INTERNATIONAL
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
ADULT EDUCATION
Edited by
Leona M. English
© Palgrave Macmillan 2005
* Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2005 978-1-4039-1735-5
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First published 2005 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
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PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint ofthe Palgrave
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ISBN 978-0-230-20171-2 ISBN 978-1-349-72520-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-72520-5
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
International encyclopedia of adult education / edited by Leona M. English.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-4039-1735-3
1. Adult education-Encyclopedias. I. English, Leona M., 1963-
LC5211.156 2005
374'003-dc22 2004059171
10 9 8 7 6 5
14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07
Transferred to Digital Printing 2011.
Contents
Editorial Board vi
List of Contributors vii
Dedication xi
Foreword xii
Acknowledgements xiv
The Production of Knowledge and the Un/Making for
Encyclopedia of Adult Education: An Introduction 1
Entries A-Z 11
Term Index 693
Name Index 695
Subject Index 708
v
Editorial Board
General Editor
Leona M. English
St. Francis Xavier University, Canada
Consultant Editors
David Boud Sharan Merriam
University of Technology Sydney, University of Georgia, USA
Australia
Tom Nesbit
Tara Fenwick
Simon Fraser University, Canada
University ofA lberta, Canada
Elizabeth J. Tisdell
Matthias Finger
University ofP ennsylvania, USA
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Switzerland Shirley Walters
Cheryl Hunt University of the Western Cape,
University of Sheffield, UK South Africa
Dorothy A. Lander Arthur L. Wilson
St. Francis Xavier University, Canada Cornell University, USA
vi
List of Contributors
Sue Adams Judith O. Brown
Coady International Institute, St. Barry University, USA
Francis Xavier University, Canada
Shauna Butterwick
Katerina Ananiadou University of British Columbia, Canada
Institute of Education, University of
Valerie-Lee Chapman
London, UK
North Carolina State University, USA
Barbara Shaw Anderson
M. Carolyn Clark
North Carolina State University, USA
Texas A&M University, USA
Clinton L. Anderson
Darlene E. Clover
United States Department of Defense,
University of Victoria, Canada
Voluntary Education Program, USA
Dianne Conrad
James Athanasou
University of New Brunswick, Canada
University of Technology Sydney,
Australia Ian R. Cornford
University of Technology Sydney,
Elsa Auerbach
Australia
University of Massachusetts, USA
Patricia Cranton
Paul Belanger
St. Francis Xavier University, Canada
Universite du Quebec a Montreal,
Canada L. A. Parks Daloz
Whidbey Institute, USA
John Benseman
University of Auckland, New Zealand Jane Dawson
St. Francis Xavier University, Canada
Laura Bierema
University of Georgia, USA Pierre Dominice
University of Geneva, Switzerland
Adrian Blunt
University of Saskatchewan, Canada Richard Edwards
University of Stirling, Scotland
Roger Boshier
University of British Columbia, Canada John Egan
University of Sydney, Australia
Marcie Boucouvalas
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Leona M. English
University, USA St. Francis Xavier University, Canada
David Boud Roger Etkind
University of Technology Sydney, University of the Western Cape, South
Australia Africa
Stephen Brookfield Tara Fenwick
University ofSt. Thomas, USA University ofA lberta, Canada
vii
viii List of Contributors
Brian Findsen Georg Karlsson
University of Glasgow University ofL inkoping, Sweden
Matthias Finger Irene Karpiak
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, University of Oklahoma, USA
Switzerland
jennifer Kelly
Maria Clara Bueno Fischer University ofA lberta, Canada
Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sandra Kerka
Sinos-UNISINOS, Brazil Ohio State University
Patricia Gouthro Kathleen P. King
Mt. Saint Vincent University, Canada Fordham University, USA
Andre P. Grace Carolin Kreber
University ofA lberta, Canada University ofA lberta, Canada.
Fyrejean Graveline jeffrey S. Kuhn
Brandon University, Canada Columbia University, USA
Dorothy A. Lander
Shibao Guo
St. Francis Xavier University, Canada
University ofA lberta, Canada
Staffan Larsson
Talmadge C. Guy
Linkoping University
University of Georgia, USA
Al Lauzon
Budd L. Hall
University of Guelph, Canada
University of Victoria, Canada
Michael Law
Mike Healy
University ofWaikato, New Zealand
University of Georgia, USA
Linda Leach
Lilian H. Hill
Massey University, New Zealand
Virginia Commonwealth University,
USA Moira Lee
Temasek Polytechnic Institute,
Robert j. Hill Singapore
University of Georgia, USA
Victoriaj. Marsick
Mohamed Hrimech Columbia University, USA
Universite de Montreal, Canada
Peter Mayo
Cheryl Hunt University of Malta
University ofE xeter, UK
Katherine McManus
Susan Imel Simon Fraser University, Canada
Ohio State University
Olutoyin Mejiuni
Peter Jarvis Obafemi A wolowo University, Nigeria
University of Surrey, UK
Carlos Zarco Mera
juanita johnson-Bailey Latin American Council for Adult
University of Georgia, USA Education (CEAAL), Mexico
David james jones Sharan B. Merriam
University of Nottingham, UK University of Georgia, USA
List of Contributors ix
Shahrzad Mojab Nicky Solomon
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education/ University of Technology Sydney,
University of Toronto, Canada Australia
Jenny Moon Thomas J. Sork
University of Exeter, UK University of British Columbia, Canada
Roger K. Morris Bruce Spencer
University of Technology Sydney, Athabasca University, Canada
Australia
Joyce Stalker
Mazanah Muhamad University ofWaikato, New Zealand
Universiti Putia, Malaysia
Jennifer Sumner
Tom Nesbit Ontario Institute for Studies in
Simon Fraser University, Canada Education/University of Toronto,
Canada
Michael Newman
University of Technology Sydney, Edward W. Taylor
Australia Pennsylvania State University, USA
Oluyemisi O. Obilade Mark Tennant
Obafemi A wolowo University, Nigeria University of Technology Sydney,
Edmee Ollagnier Australia
University of Geneva, Switzerland
Lyn Tett
Donovan Plumb University ofE dinburgh, Scotland
Mt. Saint Vincent University, Canada
Alan Thomas
Daniel D. Pratt Ontario Institute for Studies in
University ofB ritish Columbia, Canada Education/University of Toronto,
Canada
Julia Preece
University of Botswana Elizabeth J. Tisdell
Pennsylvania State University, USA
B. Allan Quigley
St. Francis Xavier University, Canada
Joanne Tompkins
Jost Reischmann St. Francis Xavier University, Canada
Bamberg University, Germany
Thomas Mark Turay
Anne Reuss Coady International Institute, st.
University ofA bertay, Scotland Francis Xavier University, Canada
Amy Rose Shirley Walters
Northern Illinois University, USA University of the Western Cape, South
Africa
Marsha Rossiter
University of Wisconsin, USA Karen E. Watkins
University of Georgia, USA
Birgitte Simonsen
Danish University of Education, Michael Welton
Denmark Mount st. Vincent University, Canada
Mark K. Smith Faye Wiesenberg
YMCA George Williams College, UK University of Calgary, Canada