International Citizens’ Tribunals: Mobilizing Public Opinion to Advance Human Rights

258 Pages·2002·1.026 MB·English

by  Arthur Jay Klinghoffer, Judith Apter Klinghoffer (auth.)

International Citizens’
Tribunals
International Citizens’
Tribunals:
Mobilizing Public Opinion to
Advance Human Rights
Arthur Jay Klinghoffer and
Judith Apter Klinghoffer
INTERNATIONALCITIZENS’ TRIBUNALS
Copyright © Arthur Jay Klinghoffer and Judith Apter Klinghoffer, 2002
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-312-29387-1
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any man-
ner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations
embodied in critical articles or reviews.
First published in 2002 by
PALGRAVETM
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS
Companies and representatives throughout the world.
PALGRAVETMis the new global publishing imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC
Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd. (formerly
Macmillan Press Ltd.).
ISBN 978-1-349-38760-1 ISBN 978-0-312-29916-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780312299163
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Klinghoffer, Arthur Jay, 1941- .
International citizens’ tribunals: moblizing public opinion to advance human
rights / by Arthur Jay Klinghoffer and Judith Apter Klinghoffer.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Commissions of inquiry, International—History—20th century.
2. Human rights. 3. Public opinion. I. Klinghoffer, Judith Apter. II. Title.
KZ6060 .K59 2002
341.4’81—dc21
2001036551
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Design by Westchester Book Composition
First edition: March 2002
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Abraham Zeev Apter and Sidney Klinghoffer
Contents
Acknowledgments ix
Abbreviation of Citations xi
Chapter I: Citizens’ Power 1
THE REICHSTAG FIRE CASE
Chapter II: The Berlin Cauldron 11
Chapter III: Rallying to the Defense 19
Chapter IV: Showdown in Leipzig 31
Chapter V: Aftermath 43
THE MOSCOW SHOW TRIALS CASE
Chapter VI: Deep Freeze 51
Chapter VII: A Tribunal Crystallizes 63
Chapter VIII: South of the Border 79
Chapter IX: Deliberations and Recriminations 91
THE VIETNAM WAR CRIMES CASE
Chapter X: The Activist Philosopher 103
Chapter XI: Plan of Action 111
viii Contents
Chapter XII: Behind the Scenes at Stockholm 123
Chapter XIII: The Swedish Context 139
Chapter XIV: Second Wind 149
CONTINUUM
Chapter XV: Proliferation 163
Chapter XVI: Agenda for Reform 187
Notes 195
Index 243
Acknowledgments
F
irst and foremost we would like to thank the Danish-American Ful-
bright program and the Norwegian Nobel Institute for enabling us
to spend a year in Scandinavia to research Trotsky’s exile in Norway
and the Russell Tribunal sessions in Sweden and Denmark. Later, a grant
from the Rutgers Research Council was instrumental in facilitating
research at the Bertrand Russell Archives at McMaster University in
Hamilton, Ontario, and at the Morris Library of Southern Illinois Univer-
sity and the Center for Dewey Studies, both in Carbondale, Illinois. Spe-
cial thanks must certainly go to Anne Kjelling, chief librarian at the Nobel
Institute, and to Sissel Wahlin and Anna Larsson, who provided excellent
translations from Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian sources. Similarly,
Petra Garnett and Benno Inslicht were instrumental in translating Dutch
and German materials. At Rutgers University, Dung Nguyen and Keemya
Richardson were most helpful in assisting with Internet searches.
Several direct participants in the events covered in this study furnished
accounts of their experiences via interviews, e-mail messages, and letters.
Most noteworthy were the contributions of Dave Dellinger, Carl Oglesby,
Ken Coates, Julius Lester, David Horowitz, Richard Falk, and Ebbe
Reich. In terms of archival support, we benefited greatly from the efforts
of John Wilson (Lyndon Baines Johnson Library), Carl Spadoni and Char-
lotte Stewart (Bertrand Russell Archives), David Koch and Shelley Cox
(Special Collections, Morris Library, Southern Illinois University), and
Larry Hickman, Harriet Simon, Barbara Levine, and Diane Meierkort
(Center for Dewey Studies). Nicholas Griffin, chief researcher at the
Bertrand Russell Archives, was especially generous with his time and
insightful comments as was Princeton University historian Anson Rabin-
x Acknowledgments
bach. At the Paul Robeson Library of Rutgers University, we tip our hats
to the entire reference and circulation staffs that processed a huge number
of requests for interlibrary loans with grace and alacrity. Also of great assis-
tance were many helpful professionals at the Norwegian national library in
Oslo; the university library in Aarhus, Denmark; and at our own local
library in Cherry Hill.
Arthur and Judith Klinghoffer
Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Abbreviation of Citations
AGHP Arthur Garfield Hays Papers, Seeley G. Mudd Manu-
script Library, Princeton University, USA
BRA Bertrand Russell Archives, Mills Memorial Library,
McMaster University, Canada
CDS Center for Dewey Studies, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information Service
H-DC Hook-Dewey Correspondence, Special Collections,
Morris Library, Southern Illinois University, USA
JDP John Dewey Papers, Special Collections, Morris Library,
Southern Illinois University, USA
LBJL Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas, USA
Archival sources are noted as box/file, such as 75/8.