In the Crucible of Empire: The Impact of Roman Citizenship upon Greeks, Jews and Christians

349 Pages·2019·1.068 MB·English

by  J. Price (editor)

I S A C R
NTERDISCIPLINARY TUDIES IN NCIENT ULTURE AND ELIGION
21
IN THE CRUCIBLE
OF EMPIRE
THE IMPACT OF ROMAN CITIZENSHIP
UPON GREEKS, JEWS AND
CHRISTIANS
edited by
K B J P
ATELL ERTHELOT AND ONATHAN RICE
PEETERS
IN THE CRUCIBLE OF EMPIRE
INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES IN ANCIENT CULTURE AND RELIGION
EDITOR
Leonard V. Rutgers (Utrecht)
EDITORIAL BOARD
Béatrice Caseau (Paris)
Wolfram Kinzig (Bonn)
Blake Leyerle (Notre Dame, IN)
Paolo Liverani (Florence)
Anne Marie Luijendijk (Princeton, NJ)
Jodi Magness (Chapel Hill, NC)
David Satran (Jerusalem)
Interdisciplinary Studies in Ancient Culture and Religion 21
IN THE CRUCIBLE
OF EMPIRE
T I R C
HE MPACT OF OMAN ITIZENSHIP UPON
G , J C
REEKS EWS AND HRISTIANS
EDITED BY
K B J P
ATELL ERTHELOT AND ONATHAN RICE
PEETERS
LEUVEN – PARIS – BRISTOL, CT
2019
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
© Peeters, Bondgenotenlaan 153, B-3000 Leuven
ISBN: 978-90-429-3668-3
eISBN: 978-90-429-3865-6
D/2019/0602/4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
– Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Katell BERTHELOT and Jonathan PRICE
Roman Citizenship in a Greco-Roman world
– The Foundation of Empire? The Spread of Roman Citizenship
from the Fourth Century BCE to the Third Century CE . 21
Myles LAVAN
– Greek Citizenship in the Roman Empire: Political Partici-
pation, Social Status and Identities. . . . . . . . . . 55
Anna HELLER
– Beyond City Limits: Citizenship and Authorship in Imperial
Greek Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Adam M. KEMEZIS
The Impact of Greek and Roman Models
on Jews and Christians
– Judaism as “Citizenship” and the Question of the Impact
of Rome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Katell BERTHELOT
– How Do the Nations Relate to Israel? Family, Ethnicity,
and Eschatological Inclusion in the Apostle Paul . . . . 131
Paula FREDRIKSEN
– The Christians and their Politeuma in Heaven: Philippians
3:20 and the Herakleopolis Papyri. . . . . . . . . . 141
Peter OAKES
– How Do the Nations Relate to Israel? Rabbis, the Conver-
sion of Goyim, and the Constitutio Antoniniana . . . . 165
Oded IRSHAI
VI TABLE OF CONTENTS
– The Rabbis and the Roman Citizenship Model: The Case
of the Samaritans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Yair FURSTENBERG
– From Collegium to Ecclesia: The Changing External Frame-
work of the Jewish Communities in Roman Italy . . . . 217
Samuele ROCCA
– The Involvement of Jews in Municipal Life during the Late
Roman Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Capucine NEMO-PEKELMAN
– Christian Redefinitions of Citizenship . . . . . . . . 267
Gilles DORIVAL
– How to Define the Citizenship of the City of God: An
Augustinian Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Hervé INGLEBERT
BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
THEMATIC INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
FOREWORD
This volume originated in a conference that was held at the Uni-
versity of Aix–Marseille in September 2014. We wish to thank the
CNRS and the University of Aix–Marseille for their financial support
– especially the CNRS in the framework of the research network or
GDRI JUDROME – as well as the European Research Council for
funding the whole JUDAISM AND ROME project (2014–2019),
under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-
2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 614 424.

INTRODUCTION
Katell BERTHELOT (CNRS) and
Jonathan PRICE (Tel Aviv University)
Roman citizenship was a unique phenomenon that broke precedent
and defied expectation: it was both dynamic and a stabilizing force;
it was a legal and political definition and an expansible, fungible idea;
it had both particular and universalizing aspects. The Roman concept
and application of citizenship played an essential role in the success
of the vast and long-lived multi-ethnic Roman Empire. Yet its his-
torical development, as both a practical legal-political status and a
dynamic concept, is far from simple and straightforward; practically
every detail and technical term, as well as the changing essence of
Roman civitas, has engendered controversy. The modern historical
debate about Roman citizenship began with Adrian N. Sherwin-White’s
fundamental study, first published in 1939,1 which inter alia drew
a direct connection between the spread of Roman citizenship and
the strengthening loyalty of different provincial populations to Rome
and their gradual incorporation into the Empire. Recently, Clifford
Ando, in his study, Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman
Empire,2 has included citizenship as only one component in a univer-
salizing tendency in all aspects of Rome’s rule, including administra-
tion, ceremony, and art and architecture, combining into a process
which he terms a shift “from imperium to patria”.
While the importance of Roman citizenship for the building of
empire is thus being rightly re-evaluated, the impact of Roman citi-
zenship in all its political, legal and above all ideological aspects upon
the inhabitants of the Empire, both citizens and non-citizens, has left
many open questions. Most studies, beginning with Sherwin-White,
while investigating the attitudes and action of provincials, take an
1 See Adrian N. Sherwin-White, The Roman Citizenship, 2nd edition (Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1973).
2 See Clifford Ando, Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire
(Berkeley; Los Angeles; London: University of California Press, 2000).