Table Of ContentImidazole-Based Drug Discovery
Heterocyclic Drug Discovery Series
Imidazole-Based Drug
Discovery
Shikha Agarwal
Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur,
Rajasthan, India
Series editor
Ruben Vardanyan
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Dedication
This book is dedicated to my family,
friends, and my research group for their encouragement
and continuous support.
Contributors
Numbers in parenthesis indicate the pages on which the authors’ contributions begin.
Dinesh K. Agarwal (35, 133, 291, 323), Department of Pharmacy, PAHER University,
Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Shikha Agarwal (1, 35, 133, 167, 195, 263, 291, 323), Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur,
Rajasthan, India
Nusrat Sahiba (35, 133, 167, 195, 263, 291), Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Ayushi Sethiya (1, 35, 133, 167, 195, 263, 323), Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Jay Soni (1, 35, 133, 167, 323), Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of
Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Pankaj Teli (35, 133, 167, 263, 291), Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
xi
About the authors
Dr. Shikha Agarwal has been working
as Assistant Professor in Department of
Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University,
Udaipur, since 2012. She received a Gold
Medal in MSc Chemistry in 2006 from the
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. She was a
recipient of JRF and SRF from CSIR, New
Delhi and qualified GATE—2006 with 98th
percentile. She was awarded a PhD from the
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur in 2011. She
has published more than 50 research and re-
view articles in various national and interna-
tional journals of NISCAIR, Wiley, Elsevier,
Springer, Bentham Science, and Taylor &
Francis. She has published several books and contributed chapters. Her research
interests are in synthetic organic chemistry, green chemistry, catalysis, and com-
binatorial and medicinal chemistry. She has four major research projects (one
UGC and three RUSA-MHRD) to her credit.
Ayushi Sethiya has done her postgraduation
(MSc) from University College of Science,
Mohanlal Sukhadia University (India) and
received a Gold Medal in MSc Chemistry in
2015. She is NET and GATE qualified and is
the recipient of the UGC-MANF fellowship.
Presently, she is pursuing her PhD under the
supervision of Dr. Shikha Agarwal as Senior
Research Fellow. Her research interests fo-
cus on synthesizing biologically active het-
erocyclic scaffolds via eco-benign pathways.
She has published more than 20 articles in
renowned journals.
xiii
xiv About the authors
Nusrat Sahiba received her BSc (2013) and
MSc (2015) in organic chemistry from the
Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur. She
qualified in the CSIR-UGC national eligibility
test in December 2017 and was awarded with
a research fellowship. Currently she is pursu-
ing her doctoral research as a Senior Research
Fellow under the supervision of Dr. Shikha
Agarwal in Mohanlal Sukhadia University.
Her research work focuses on the chemistry
of heterocyclic scaffolds, their synthesis using
different catalytic systems, and eco-friendly
pathways. She has published more than 18 ar-
ticles in journals of international repute.
Dinesh K. Agarwal is working as Associate
Professor in the Department of Pharmacy,
PAHER University, Udaipur. He submitted
his PhD thesis in March, 2021. He completed
his M. Pharma (Pharmocology) in 2012 from
RUHS, Rajasthan. His research interests are
medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. He
has published more than 20 articles in jour-
nals of international repute.
Jay Soni received his BSc and MSc
(Industrial Chemistry) from University
College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia
University, Udaipur, in 2017. Presently,
he is pursuing a PhD in the Department of
Chemistry, MLSU under the supervision of
Dr. Shikha Agarwal. His research is focused
on synthetic organic chemistry, heterocyclic
synthesis, green chemistry, and medicinal
chemistry. He has published more than 15 ar-
ticles in journals of international repute.
About the authors xv
Pankaj Teli received his BSc and MSc
(Industrial Chemistry) from University
College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia
University, Udaipur, in 2017. He qualified
the CSIR-UGC national eligibility test in
December 2017 and was awarded with a re-
search fellowship. Presently, he is working as
a Senior Research Fellow in the Department
of Chemistry, MLSU under the supervision
of Dr. Shikha Agarwal. His research is fo-
cused on synthetic organic chemistry, het-
erocyclic synthesis, green chemistry, and
medicinal chemistry. He has published more
than 10 articles in reputed and high-quality
journals.
Preface
In past decades, interdisciplinary research has been of great interest to scien-
tists. Imidazole scaffolds act as a viaduct between organic synthesis and me-
dicinal chemistry, and compel researchers to explore new drugs. This text aims
to allow researchers/students to fabricate the foundation of introductory organic
chemistry and attain a deep level of knowledge and understanding about drug
discovery. There have been major developments in synthetic organic chemistry
in recent years, and efforts have been made in shaping the new edition of this
book to make it more useful to students, instructors, researchers, and other read-
ers. The expanding applications of imidazole-based drug discovery are reflected
by amplified discussion of this area. This book includes a study of past decades
on the synthesis and biological applications of imidazole derivatives. The book
has been divided into eight chapters to offer a sustainable approach for readers.
In Chapter 1, synthetic aspects of imidazole derivatives are considered. In
Chapters 2–7, the different biological profiles, viz., anti-cancer, anti-tubercular,
anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and miscellaneous activities of imidaz-
ole analogs with their mechanism of action are discussed. Finally, Chapter 8 in-
cludes imidazole-based drugs and drug discovery, with their future possibilities.
Biological activities are discussed in separate chapters for better understanding
of the readers. Significant information is provided in the form of tables, figures,
and schemes.
Our goal is to present a broad and fairly detailed view of the core area of
imidazole-based drug discovery. We have approached this goal by extensive use
of both the primary and review literature, and the sources are referenced. This
book tries to review the most current developments and future perspectives on
different disease therapies to achieve the ultimate goal of disease eradication.
The role of imidazole in contemporary science and technological innovations to
expand the rational drugs, critical challenges, and future research directions are
discussed. The overriding aim of the book is to summarize the recent advance-
ments achieved in the synthesis and biological applications of imidazole to date,
which will lead to better approaches for future compounds.
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