Human Parasites: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention

475 Pages·2016·20.59 MB·English

by  Heinz Mehlhorn (auth.)

Heinz Mehlhorn
Human
Parasites
Diagnosis, Treatment,
Prevention
Human Parasites
ThiSisaFMBlankPage
Heinz Mehlhorn
Human Parasites
Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention
HeinzMehlhorn
DepartmentofParasitology
HeinrichHeineUniversity
D€usseldorf,Germany
This is an updated translation of the 7th edition of the German book “Die Parasiten des
Menschen”(2012)publishedbySpringer Spektrum.
ISBN978-3-319-32801-0 ISBN978-3-319-32802-7 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-32802-7
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016941058
#SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or
dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt
fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained
hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.
Coverillustration:ScanningelectronmicrographofacoupleofthespeciesSchistosomamansoni.See
alsoFig.4.1ainthisbook.PhotoHeinzMehlhorn
Printedonacid-freepaper
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature
TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland
This edition is dedicated to my wife Birgit
on the occasion of our 42th wedding
anniversary.
February 2016
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Preface
Parasites threaten still today the health of humans and their animals, although
considerable progress had been achieved within the last century. However,
phenomena such as globalization with the daily transportations of millions of
containers and humans from one end of the world to the other make it easy
for agents of disease and their vectors to suddenly occur at places which were
thought to be safe. Thus, it is not astonishing that worldwide so-called
emerging diseases occur at a formerly unbelievable speed. The ongoing climate
change additionally offers better conditions for many agents of disease and
theirvectorstoenterandtosettleinformerlyuntouchedregions.
Therefore, it is needed to observe intensively the development and progress of
such aggressive organisms. Parasites belonging to the groups of protozoans,
worms or arthropods may harm humans and their animals directly by entering
them or indirectly as blood suckers, which may transmit other agents of diseases
suchas“viruses,bacteriaorevenparasites.
Parasite-derived diseases cause still today a considerable number of deaths,
endangering millions of humans around the world, since still today the
measurementstocontrolparasitesarepoorinmanycases.Thenumberoftreatment
failures even increases constantly due to the fact that resistances of the parasites
againstoldermedicamentsarerising.
Parasitology is now an interdisciplinary science, since parasites are animals
whichattackhumansandanimals.Thus,parasiticproblemshavetobeconsidered
by physicians, veterinarians, biologists, pharmacists, chemists, epidemiologists,
etc.,inordertodevelopsuccessfulcontrolmeasurements.
TheGermanRudolfLeuckart(1822–1898)(Fig.1)wasthefirsttoproposethat
parasitologyshouldhandleallperspectivesofparasitesasanowninterdisciplinary
fieldofscienceandnotasanaddendumtohumanorveterinarymedicine.
Thistextbookconsiderstheproblemsofhumanswithparasites.Inordertomake
it easy to find quickly the relevant information, each chapter on a parasite is
subdividedinto12sections:
1. Name
2. Geographicdistribution/epidemiology
3. Biology/morphology
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Fig.1 MedalshowingRudolfLeuckart(1822–1898),the“founder”ofparasitologyasaseparate
branchconnectingtheknowledgeofphysicians,veterinariansandbiologists.TheGermanSociety
ofParasitologyhonoursinternationallyknownscientistsfortheircontributionsinthefightagainst
parasitesbyawardingtheRudolfLeuckartmedal
4. Symptomsofdisease
5. Diagnosis
6. Pathwayofinfection
7. Prophylaxis
8. Incubationperiod
9. Prepatency
10. Patency
11. Therapy
12. Furtherreading
Moreanddetailedinformationiscontainedintherecentlypublished4thedition
of Mehlhorn H (ed.) (2016) Encyclopedia of Parasitology, Springer, Berlin,
New York. This book and an online version is a product of cooperation with
morethan50colleaguesworldwide.
D€usseldorf HeinzMehlhorn
April2016
Acknowledgement
This English version is based on the 7th edition of a textbook in German
language. This volume condenses the contents of the common books and
publications with my colleagues D. D€uwel, D. Eichenlaub, A.O. Heydorn,
S. Klimpel, T. L€oscher, W. Peters, G. Piekarski, W. Raether, E. Schein,
E. Scholtyseck and many other parasitologists of my and foreign groups. I am
verygratefulfortheirintensecooperationduringthelast40years.
My thanks go also to Dr. Volker Walldorf, who contributed a broad spectrum
of drawings. My wife Birgit Mehlhorn helped tocollectliterature and totranslate
this volume into English. Mrs. Inge Schaefers and Mrs. Susanne Walter brought
the text in the present form. In addition, Mrs. Walter and Dipl. Ing. Isabelle
Mehlhornorganizedthefinalpresentationofthefiguresofthisbook.
Mrs. Andrea Schlitzberger and Mr. Lars K€orner at Springer Publishers
(Heidelberg) cared for the final version of this book, which hopefully makes it
easyforthereadertofindquicklythewishedinformation.
D€usseldorf HeinzMehlhorn
March2016
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