Human Body

2006·64.47 MB·English

by  Richard Walker

. Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] .
. Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] .
Human Body
a visual encyclopedia
. Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] .
. Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] .
Human Body
a visual encyclopedia
DK PUBLISHING
. Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji eLibrary [email protected] .
Contents
LONDON, NEW YORK,
MELBOURNE, MUNICH, and DELHI
Written by Richard Walker, John Woodward,
Shaila Brown, Ben Morgan
Consultant for Mind chapter Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
BODY BASICS 6
Senior editors Shaila Brown, Ben Morgan
Project editor Ruth O’Rourke-Jones
Editorial assistant Damilare Olugbode Finding out 8
Project designer Hedi Hunter Looking inside 10
Designer Daniela Boraschi
Building blocks 12
Production editor Ben Marcus
Managing editor Julie Ferris Inside cells 14
Managing art editor Owen Peyton Jones Holding it together 16
Publisher Sarah Larter
Body jigsaw 18
Associate publishing director Liz Wheeler
Art director Phil Ormerod Working together 20
Publishing director Jonathan Metcalf All is revealed 22
Outer barrier 24
DK India
Managing editor Rohan Sinha Hair and nails 26
Deputy managing editor Alka Thakur Hazarika Life on us 28
Project editor Dharini Ganesh

Editors Suefa Lee, Parameshwari Sircar
BONES AND MUSCLES 30
Deputy managing art editor Mitun Bannerjee
Consultant art director Shefali Upadhyay
Project designer Amit Malhotra Supporting skeleton 32
Designers Rakesh Khundongbam, Pooja Pawwar,
Inside bones 34
Anuj Sharma, Vinita Venugopal, Shreya Anand Virmani
Production manager Pankaj Sharma Living bones 36
Senior DTP designer Jagtar Singh Moving joints 38
DTP designers Arvind Kumar,
Hardheaded 40
Arjinder Singh, Bimlesh Tiwary
DTP/CTS manager Balwant Singh Bending backbone 42
Picture researcher Sakshi Saluja Super stretchy 44
First American Edition, 2012 Muscle machine 46
Body movers 48
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
375 Hudson Street, Inside muscles 50
New York, New York 10014 Making faces 52
12 13 14 15 16 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Reaching out 54
001–181750–Jul/12 On the move 56
In space 58
Copyright © 2012 Dorling Kindersley Limited
All rights reserved
HEART AND BLOOD 60
Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part
of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means Around the body 62
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), In your hands 64
without the prior written permission of both the copyright
Liquid life 66
owner and the above publisher of this book.
Oxygen carriers 68
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.
Super network 70
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. A tight squeeze 72
ISBN 978-0-7566-9307-7 Engine room 74
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for Working pump 76
sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. Heartbeat 78
For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets,
375 Hudson Street, New York,
New York 10014 or [email protected].
Printed and bound in China by Hung Hing
Discover more at
www.dk.com
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DISEASE DEFENSES 80 In the genes 168
The human genome 170
Germs and disease 82
Body barriers 84 IN CONTROL 172
White blood cells 86
Germ destroyer 88 Control network 174
Filtering germs 90 Sending signals 176
Immune system 92 The brain 178
Bird flu virus 94 Brain cells 180
Allergies 96 Gray matter 182
Fighting disease 98 Sleep 184
Spare parts 100 Spinal cord 186
Ancient remedies 102 Brain scans 188
On autopilot 190
LUNGS AND BREATHING 104 Hormones 192
Growth hormone 194
Airways 106
In and out 108 SUPER SENSES 196
Breathing underwater 110
Inside the lungs 112 In touch 198
Coughs and sneezes 114 Smell and taste 200
Making sounds 116 Sound detectors 202
Keeping balance 204
FUELING THE BODY 118 Balancing act 206
Eyes and seeing 208
Food for life 120 Very visual 210
Digestion 122 Visual tricks 212
What a mouthful! 124
In the stomach 126 MIND AND PERSONALITY 214
Gut reactions 128
Bumpy surface 130 Left or right? 216
End of the line 132 How memory works 218
Chemical factory 134 Are you a genius? 220
Balanced diet 136 What’s your personality? 222
Food market 138 The feeling mind 224
Vitamins 140 Thrill-seekers 226
The body clock 228
WASTE DISPOSAL 142 Teenage brain 230
Body language 232
Urinary system 144
Testing the water 146 REFERENCE SECTION 234
Waterworks 148
Filling and emptying 150 Test your personality 236
Wonderful water 152 Thinking logically 238
Thinking creatively 240
LIFE CYCLE 154 Medical discoveries 242
Glossary 246
Starting out 156 Index 250
Fertilization 158 Acknowledgments 255
Pregnancy and birth 160
Life story 162
Code of life 164
Two by two 166
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BODY
S
C
I
S
A
B
BASICS
Y
D
O
B
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Just like a jigsaw puzzle, your
body is made up of thousands
B
O
of pieces. Beneath its protective
D
Y
covering of skin are trillions of

B
A
tiny cells, neatly organized into
S
I
the working tissues and organs C
S
that form you.
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Finding out
The process of finding out how the incredibly
complex human body works started thousands
of years ago—long before there were medical
schools and devices that enabled doctors to
look inside the body. Even today, thanks to huge
SS
CC
II advances in technology, we are still making new
SS
AA
BB discoveries about the workings of the body.

YY
DD
OO
BB
◀ CANOPIC JARS
The ancient Egyptians
placed body organs in
stone or ceramic vessels
known as canopic jars.
There was a different
jar for each of four
main organs—the
lungs, stomach, liver,
and intestines.
ANCIENT WISDOM
Many ancient cultures contributed towards a greater understanding
of how the body works. The Egyptians, for example, realized that
the heart was at the center of a system that drove the blood and
that the pulse was related to the heartbeat. They also gained some
knowledge about the body’s internal organs during a process called
mummification. This involved removing the major organs of the dead
and preserving them in jars placed alongside the body in the tomb.
GLADIATORS’ DOCTOR
Claudius Galen was an important
Roman-Greek surgeon and philosopher.
In the early 160s ce, he was put in
charge of treating wounded gladiators.
As a result, Galen learned much about
the human body and although many
of his ideas were wrong, he discovered
that arteries carried blood and that
urine was made in the kidneys.
◀ ROMAN MOSAIC In ancient
Rome, gladiators fought to the death,
inflicting horrific wounds on each other.
8
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