Historical Dictionary of U.S. Diplomacy from the Civil War to World War I (Historical Dictionaries of U.S. Diplomacy)

511 Pages·2005·21.17 MB·English

by  Kenneth J. Blume

Historical Dictionary of
U.S. Diplomacy from the
Civil War to World War I
Kenneth J. Blume
The Scarecrow Press
HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF U.S. DIPLOMACY
Edited by Jon Woronoff
1. US. Diplomacy from the Civil War to World War I, by Kenneth J.
Blume. 2005.
2. United States-China Relation, by Robert Sutter, 2006.

Historical Dictionary of
U.S. Diplomacy from the
Civil War to World War I
Kenneth J. Blume
Historical Dictionaries of
US. Diplomacy, No. 1
The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Lanham, Maryland Toronto Oxford
2005
SCARECROW PRESS, INC.
Published in the United States of America
by Scarecrow Press, Inc.
A wholly owned subsidiary of
The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
~~~.scarecrowpress.com
PO Box 317
Oxford
OX2 9RU, UK
Copyright O 2005 by Kenneth J. Blume
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Blume, Kenneth J., 1948-
Historical dictionary of US. diplomacy from the Civil War to World War I /
Kenneth J. Blume.
--
p. cm. (Historical dictionaries of U.S. diplomacy ; no. 1)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8108-5377-9 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. United States--Foreign relations--1865-192 1- -Dictionaries. I. Title. 11.
Series.
Qmne paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of
Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
Contents
Editor's Foreword Jon Woronoff vii
Acknowledgments ix
Acronyms and Abbreviations xi
Chronology xiii
Introduction 1
The Dictionary
Appendixes
A U.S. Presidents, 1861-1914
B U.S. Secretaries of State, 1861-1914
C U.S. Secretaries of War, 1861-1914
D U.S. Secretaries of the Navy, 1861-1914
E U.S. Diplomatic Corps, 1861-1914
Bibliography
About the Author

Editor's Foreword
This first volume in the new series of historical dictionaries of
American diplomacy, as it happens, is actually the second in the
assigned time sequence. It forms a link between the first, when
the United States was still growing and much more concerned
with domestic than foreign affairs, although never completely
oblivious to the latter, and this book, which covers about half a
century between the start of the Civil War and the start of the
Great War, after which the United States rose to be the biggest
and most influential player bar none. It is thus a transitional pe-
riod, but one marked by significant events, among them wars and
other conflicts, acquisitions of foreign territories (although not
called colonies), and economic expansion as well. While the
time may seem a bit remote-and almost sedate--compared to
today's hectic pace, America was already becoming the police-
man of the world, presenting itself as a model and decrying
lesser nations, and also getting into a number of imbroglios that
it might better have kept out of. So much for the conventional
notion that this was a time of "isolation."
While the primary task of this volume, and the others, is to
provide a broad array of facts and figures and brief descriptions
of the more significant persons, places, and events, among other
things, it obviously goes much further. It gives us a feel for this
vii
viii EDITOR'S FOREWORD
not really so remote time, when news was initially carried by
steamer and then telegraph, and played up by the newspapers,
rather than bounced around by the mass media and covered ad
nauseam by 24-hour TV. Although the pace may be slower, the
changes were momentous, and they are outlined in an insightful
introduction and followed real time in the chronology. The dic-
tionary provides much of the information readers will want,
neatly broken down by discrete subjects often cross-referenced
to one another. The appendixes are also helpful. Since no such
reference work can go into enough detail for the serious reader,
the broader literature is presented in an extensive bibliography.
This Historical Dictionary of US. Diplomacy from the Civil
War to World War I was written by a historian very familiar with
the field. Dr. Kenneth J. Blume is professor of history at Albany
College of Pharmacy, where he has been teaching for some 16
years. He has given courses and lectures on the broad range of
American and Western history, but with some preference for
diplomatic history and the period covered by this book. His re-
search focuses on the navy, shipping, and U.S.-Caribbean rela-
tions as do his publications. Aside from this, Dr. Blume was di-
rector of the Writing Center, a useful attribute for someone who
is producing a form of encyclopedia and wants it to be accessible
to more than just other academics. So let us take advantage of
this first easy-to-use volume while awaiting the others.
Jon Woronoff
Series Editor
Acknowledgments
This volume is both a personal and a cooperative undertaking. It
is cooperative in that many individuals have assisted me as I
wrote and prepared the manuscript. I owe heartfelt expressions
of thanks to all the librarians at Albany College of Pharmacy's
Lewis Library; and to the many student workers my department
has employed over the past few years; and to Dorothy Cannon,
my administrative assistant, who labored valiantly to get the
manuscript into shape. Nevertheless, these good helpers are not
to be held accountable for any of the volume's quirks or errors-
which are solely my responsibility. I have drawn on several
decades of reading, thinking, teaching, and writing about
America's approach to the world from 1861 to 1914 and have
attempted to keep in mind the range of readers who might wish
to consult the pages that have resulted.