Table Of ContentHeat Treating
Including the 1997 International
Induction Heat Treating Symposium
Proceedings of the 17th Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition
and the 1st International Induction Heat Treating Symposium
15-18 September 1997, Indianapolis, Indiana
Edited by
David L. Milam
Dale A. Poteet, Jr.
George D. Pfaffmann
Valery Rudnev
Alfred Muehlbauer
Walter B. Albert
Treating
Heat
ASt+
~/ society
An Affiliate Society of ASM International
Copyright 1998
by
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First printing, March 1998
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Library of Congress Catalog-Card Number: 98-70212
ISBN: 0-87170-610-5
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Key Individuals Involved in Organizing
the Heat Treating Conference
1997 EVENT CO-ORGANIZERS David Guisbert
Quality Associates of Buchanan
Buchanan, Michigan
Dale A. Poteet, Jr.
Member at Large
Innovative Metallurgical Technology
Verona, Wisconsin
Co-Chairman, HTS Programming and Events Luiz Roberto Hirshheimer
Committee BRASIMET Commercio a Industria S.A.
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Member at Large
David L. Milam
The Timken Company
Canton, Ohio FranzT. Hoffmann
Stiftung Institute fur Werkstofftechnik
Bremen, Germany
Co-Chairman International Programming
HEAT TREATING SOCIETY'S
Subcommittee
PROGRAMMING AND EVENTS
COMMITTEE
Joseph lovine
All committee members may not be listed here;
HTG Aerobraze
please refer to the technical program list, as well.
Cincinnati, Ohio
Chairman, Sales & Marketing Subcommittee
George E.Totten, FASM-Elect
Union Carbide Corporation
Larry G. Jones
Tarrytown, New York
Chaparral Steel
Co-Chairman
Midlothian, Texas
Member at Large
Liu Dai
Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical &
Robert E. Luetje, FASM
Electrical Engineering
Kolene Corporation
Beijing, China
Detroit, Michigan
Co-Chairman, International Programming
Liaison, Detroit Chapter Programming
Subcommittee
Lemmy Meekisho
Jon L. Dossett, FASM
Oregon Graduate Institute
Midland Metal Treating, Inc.
Portland, Oregon
Franklin, Wisconsin
Chairman, International On-Line Process
Co-Vice Chairman
Modelling Subcommittee
Charles H. Faulkner
Eric J. Mittemeijer, FASM
Houghton International Inc.
Delft University of Technology
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
Delft, The Netherlands
Member at Large
Co-Chairman, International Programming
Subcommittee
Kiyoshi Funatani
Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.
David Paddle
Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
Castrol Aspac
Member at Large
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Member at Large
III
Ronald A. Wallis Ernie Bishop
Wyman-Gordon Forgings Metal Treating, Inc.
Houston, Texas Cincinnati, Ohio
Co-Chairman, '98 Heat Treating Conference Salt Bath Technology
Alexey Sverdlin Kevin Brennan
Bradley University Can Eng Furnaces Ltd.
Peoria, Illinois Niagara Falls, Canada
Member at Large Process, Problems and Solutions Heat Treating
Fasteners In Today's Mesh Belt Furnaces
George C. Carter
TECHNICAL PROGRAM
Vacuum Furnace Systems Corporation
Souderton, Pennsylvania
Distortion
High Pressure Gas Quenching
Sponsored by: Distortion Control Subcommittee
of ASM's Heat Treating Society
John A. Collins
Surface Combustion, Inc.
Harry W. Walton
Maumee, Ohio
The Torrington Company
Low Temperature Vacuum Heat Treating
Rutherfordton, North Carolina Solving Applications Through Innovative
Chairman, Distortion Control Subcommittee, and
Equipment Design
Co-Chairman, '98 Heat Treating Conference
Upgrading Atmosphere Furnaces: Materials,
Controls, Burners/Heating Elements,
Automation, NFPA Updates, etc.
Equipment
Sponsored by: Process Equipment Technologies Robert Connell
Subcommittee of ASM's Heat Treating Society VAC AERO International, Inc.
Oakville, Ontario, Canada
Control Systems for Vacuum Furnaces
Daniel H. Herring
C. I. Hayes, Inc.
Woodridge, Illinois Matthew J. Fischer
Co-Chairman, Process Equipment Technologies Surface Combustion, Inc.
Subcommittee and Liaison, Immediate Needs Maumee, Ohio
Committee Considerations of Prepared Atmospheres
Advanced Carburizing -Materials & Equipment
Considerations of Prepared Atmospheres Marc Glasser
Procedyne Corp.
George D. Pfaffmann New Brunswick, New Jersey
TOCCO, Inc. Fluidized Bed Technology
Madison Heights, Michigan
Co-Chairman, Process Equipment Technologies John Gupta
Subcommittee Atmosphere Furnace Co.
Wixom, Michigan
Dick Bennett Advances in Integral Quench Furnaces
Janus Technology Group, Inc.
Rockford, Illinois Dick Haimbaugh
Gas vs. Electric Heating & Recuperation Induction Heat Treating Corp.
Technology Crystal Lake, Illinois
Induction Equipment Choices Important to Heat
Treaters
iv
Rick L. Houghton Doug Welling
C. I. Hayes, Inc. East Ohio Gas Co.
Cranston, Rhode Island Chagrin Falls, Ohio
Batch vs. Continuous Furnace Designs and Gas vs. Electric Heating & Recuperation
Applications Technology
Craig A. Klingler
Seco/Warwick Corporation
Ferrous
Meadville, Pennsylvania
International Symposium on Accelerated
Powder Metal Heat Treatment
Cooling/Direct Quenching of Steels
Sponsored by: ASM International Primary Metals
Harry Kurek
& Processing (Ferrous) Industrial Sector &
Institute of Gas Technology
ASM Heat Treating Society
Des Plaines, Illinois
Advanced Gas Fired Systems: Overview & Field
Riad Asfahani
Experience
U. S. Steel Technical Center
Monroeville, Pennsylvania
Jerry Lindell
Chairman, International Symposium on
Twin Disc., Inc.
Accelerated Cooling/Direct Quenching of Steels
Racine, Wisconsin
Gear Heat Treat for Distortion Control
Rick L. Bodnar
Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Steve Maus
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Lindberg
Watertown, Wisconsin
Advances in Integral Quench Furnaces Eric M. Focht
Naval Surface Warfare Center
West Bethesda, Maryland
Frank Ragone
Holcroft
Livonia, Michigan Kiyoshi Funatani
Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.
Business Issues & Justifying The Purchase
Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
Melvin Renowden
Anthony Hickl
Atmospheres
Air Liquide Corp. North Star Steel Co.
Countryside, Illinois Minneapolis, Minnesota
Nitrogen Based Atmospheres vs. Generated
Geoff Tither
Reference Metals Co., Inc.
Joseph P. Schuttert
Bridgeville, Pennsylvania
Serec Corporation
Providence, Rhode Island
Cleaning and Drying of Ferrous & Non Ferrous George E.Totten, FASM-Elect
Parts, Before and After Heat Treating Union Carbide Corporation
Tarrytown, New York
Dick O. Thalacker
Pacific Industrial Furnace Company Alexander D. Wilson, FASM
Wixom, Michigan Lukens Inc.
Business Issues & Justifying The Purchase Coatesville, Pennsylvania
v
Induction Heat Treating Dale Grech
1st International Induction Heat Treating GM Powertrain
Symposium Ypsilanti, Michigan
Sponsored by: Process Equipment Technologies
Subcommittee of ASM's Heat Treating Society Stephan Hock
ZF Industries Inc.
George D. Pfaffmann Friedrichshafen AG, Germany
TOCCO, Inc.
Madison Heights, Michigan Ronald Hoppe
Co-Chair Delphi Saginaw Steering Systems
Saginaw, Michigan
Walt Albert
Inductoheat, Inc. Maurice A. H. Howes
Madison Heights, Michigan IIT Research Institute
Co-Chair Chicago, Illinois
Alfred Muehlbauer George Krauss, FASM
Universitat Hanover Colorado School of Mines
Hanover, Germany Golden, Colorado
Co-Chair
J.D. Lavers
Egbert Baake University of Toronto
Universitat Hanover Toronto, Canada
Hanover, Germany
Tony C. Liu
James Behrendsen Fultwin Enterprise Co. Ltd.
Delphi Sandusky Taichung, Taiwan
Sandusky, Ohio
Sergio Lupi
F. Bezmenov Universita degli Studi
VNIITVCh Padova, Italy
St. Petersburg, Russia
Pelle Olsson
Lui Dal Brukens AB
Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Gothenburg, Sweden
Electrical Engineering
Beijing, China Dale A. Poteet, Jr.
Innovative Metallurgical Technology
Wang Dewen Verona, Wisconsin
Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and
Electrical Engineering Valery Rudnev
Beijing, China Inductoheat Inc.
Madison Heights, Michigan
William Dowling, Jr.
Ford Motor Company Soren Segerberg
Dearborn, Michigan The Swedish Institute of Production
Molndal, Sweden
Kiyoshi Funatani
Nihon Parkerizing Co. Ltd. Mark Shapona
Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Ford Motor Company
Livonia, Michigan
vi
Satish S. Udpa Douglas H. Clingner
Iowa State University Consultant
Ames, Iowa Perrysburg, Ohio
Heat Treat Processes that Reduce Distortion
Hiyoshi Watanabe
Fuji Electronics Industry Co. Jason Crawford
Osaka, Japan AGA Gas Inc.
Cleveland, Ohio
Steel Transformations
Michael Wiezbowski
Chrysler Corporation,
Auburn Hills, Michigan Matthew J. Fischer
Surface Combustion, Inc.
Maumee, Ohio
Diffusion Related Processes
Non-Ferrous
Modeling Carburizing, Nitriding and Related
Sponsored by: Non-Ferrous Subcommittee of Diffusional Surface Treatments
ASM's Heat Treating Society
John E. Morral, FASM
Trilochan S. Bains University of Connecticut
Boeing Commercial Airplane Group Storrs, Connecticut
Seattle, Washington Modeling Carburizing, Nitriding and Related
Co-Vice Chairman and Chairman, Nonferrous Diffusional Surface Treatments
Subcommittee
Richard D. Sisson, Jr., FASM
Murat Tiryakioglu Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Western Kentucky University Worcester, Massachusetts
Bowling Green, Kentucky Modeling Carburizing, Nitriding and Related
Diffusional Surface Treatments
Processes George E. Totten, FASM-Elect
Sponsored by: Process Subcommittee of ASM's Union Carbide Corporation
Heat Treating Society Tarrytown, NY
Quenching and Cooling
Modeling Carburizing, Nitriding and Related
Diffusional Surface Treatments
Sponsored by: Atomic Transport Committee of
ASM's Materials Science Critical Technologies Quality and Technology
Sector, and the Process Subcommittee of
Sponsored by: Quality Subcommittee of ASM's
ASM's Heat Treating Society
Heat Treating Society
Dan McCurdy
Jerry O. Wolfe
Marathon Monitors, Inc.
The Timken Company
Cincinnati, Ohio
Canton, Ohio
Co-Chairman, Process Subcommittee
Chairman, Quality Subcommittee
Sandy J. Midea
AGA Gas, Inc.
Cleveland, Ohio
Co-Chairman, Process Subcommittee
vii
Resource Management Student Research in Progress
Sponsored by: Resource Management
Subcommittee of ASM's Heat Treating Society Alexey Sverdlin
Bradley University
William D. Stofey Peoria, Illinois
American Ultra Specialties, Inc .
Hudson, Ohio
Chairman, Resource Management Subcommittee
Preface
The ASM Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition is the premier information exchange event
in our industry. It is presented to provide information on heat treating subjects that will provide answers
to questions, and solutions to problems experienced by heat treaters and engineers. Beginning in
1998, the event will be held on an annual basis in order to serve the societal responsibilities of the
ASM Heat Treating Affiliate Society in providing information exchange and networking for its members .
For the first time, in 1997 a separate International Induction Symposium was held within the Heat
Treating Conference. In addition, the entire Heat Treating topical offering was part of "The Complete
Metals & Materials Experience" mega-event, which also included the ASM Materials Solutions
Conference, the ASM & DVS United Thermal Spray Conference and Exposition, and the ASM/TMS
Materials Week Exposition. More than 8,500 people attended the entire offering.
These proceedings are a product of the 1997 Heat Treating Conference . Submission of manuscripts
was not a requirement for speaking at the Conference; consequently, there are some speakers who
chose not to prepare a manuscript. Many of the speakers at the Conference graciously agreed to
expend the time and effort necessary to prepare these manuscripts . We wish to express our thanks to
these authors.
We wish to thank the Heat Treating Society Programming and Events Committee for organizing the
sessions. This committee and its subcommittees, consisting of approximately one hundred people,
worked together over several months to determine the session topics and find the speakers to respond
to the needs of the heat treating industry. We also appreciate the contributions made to this Conference
by the exhibitors because they, too, are valuable sources of information for attendees .
Finally, we thank you, the attendees, for coming to this event . You are the critical element of the event .
We hope that this Conference was of help to you in your work. That's what it's all about: networking,
learning, and sharing to improve the heat treating process . (Feel free to send email comments to
mem-serv@ po.asm-intl.org).
For planning purposes, please note that the 1998 Annual Heat Treating Society Conference and
Exposition will be held 13-15 October 1998, at the Rosemont Convention Center in Rosemont, Illinois
(Chicago).
David L. Milam Dale A. Poteet, Jr.
The Timken Company Innovative Metallurgical Technology
Co-Chair Co-Chair
ix
Table of Contents
Distortion
Residual Stress and Distortion
Thermal Residual Stress Relaxation and Distortion in Surface Enhanced Gas Turbine
Engine Components 3
PS. Prevey, D.J. Hornbach, PW. Mason, Lambda Research, Cincinnati, Ohio
Development of Machining Procedures to Minimize Distortion During Manufacture 13
D.J. Hornbach, PS. Prevey, Lambda Research, Cincinnati, Ohio
New Quenching Technology for Distortion Control
Control of Distortion by Quenching in Fluidised Beds 19
R. W. Reynoldson, Quality Heat Treatment, Pty. Ltd., Bayswater North, Australia
Optimization of Single Part Quenching in Nozzle Fields 25
B. Gondesen, T Lubben, FT Hoffmann, P Mayr, Stiftung Institut fur Werkstofftechnik, Bremen,
Germany
U. Heck, U. Fritsching, K. Baukhage, Stiftung Institut fur Verfahrenstechnik, Bremen, Germany
Hardening of Steel Parts Using Wave Technology 33
A. V Sverdlin, A.R. Ness, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois
R.F. Ganiev, Interindustry Scientific and Engineering Wave Technology Center, Moscow, Russia
Equipment
Advanced Carburizing - Materials and Equipment
Continuous Vacuum Carburizing Furnace with 20 Bar High-Pressure Gas Quenching 43
F Preisser, P Heilmann, R. Seemann, ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH, Erlensee, Germany
W.R. Zenker, ALD Vacuum Technologies, East Windsor, Connecticut
New Carburizing Techniques Using Fluidized Bed Furnaces 53
R. W Reynoldson, Quality Heat Treatment Pty. Ltd., Baywater North, Australia
Advanced Gas Fired Systems: Overview and Field Experience
The Experience at Dana Corporation, Spicer Transmission Division 61
J.E. Wright, Jr., Dana Corporation, Jonesboro, Arkansas
xi
