Grieve’s Modern Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy

669 Pages·2015·31.123 MB·English

by  Gwendolen Jull, Ann Moore, Deborah Falla, Jeremy Lewis, Chris McCarthy, Michele Sterling

GRIEVE’S MODERN
MUSCULOSKELETAL
PHYSIOTHERAPY
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GRIEVE’S MODERN
MUSCULOSKELETAL
PHYSIOTHERAPY
FOURTH EDITION
Edited by
Gwendolen Jull Dip Phty, Grad Dip Manip Ther, MPhty, PhD, FACP
Emeritus Professor, Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Ann Moore PhD, FCSP, FMACP, Dip TP, Cert Ed
Professor of Physiotherapy and Head of the Centre for Health Research, School of Health
Sciences, University of Brighton, UK
Deborah Falla BPhty (Hons), PhD
Professor, Pain Clinic, Center for Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine
Professor, Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering
Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, Germany
Jeremy Lewis BApSci (Physio), PhD, FCSP
Consultant Physiotherapist, London Shoulder Clinic, Centre for Health and Human Performance,
London, UK
Consultant Physiotherapist, Central London Community Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
Professor (Adjunct) of Musculoskeletal Research, Clinical Therapies, University of Limerick, Ireland
Reader in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, UK
Christopher McCarthy PhD, FCSP, FMACP
Consultant Physiotherapist, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare, UK
Michele Sterling PhD, MPhty, BPhty, Grad Dip Manip Physio, FACP
Director, CRE in Road Traffic Injury
Associate Director, Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation (CONROD)
Professor, School of Allied Health, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University,
Australia
Foreword by
Karim Khan MD, PhD, FASCM
Editor of the British Journal of Sports Medicine
Director, Department of Research & Education, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital,
Qatar
Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2015
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First edition 1986
Second edition 1994
Third edition 2005
Chapter 44.b: Model B: Linda-Joy Lee. LJ Lee Physiotherapist Corp retains copyright to illustrations.
Chapter 46.b: The Pelvic Girdle: A Look at How Time, Experience And Evidence Change Paradigms:
Diane Lee retains copyright to her own illustrations.
ISBN 978-0-7020-5152-4
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment
may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
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treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume
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Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Contents
Preface to the Fourth Edition ix 9.2 LUMBAR SPINE 101
Acknowledgements x Michael Adams • Patricia Dolan
Foreword xi
10 Tendon and Tendinopathy 106
Contributors xii
Plate Section
10.1 TENDON AND TENDON PATHOLOGY 106
Hazel Screen
PART I 10.2 MANAGING TENDINOPATHIES 112
Jill Cook • Ebonie Rio • Jeremy Lewis
1 Introduction to the Text 3
Gwendolen Jull • Ann Moore • Deborah Falla • 11 Lifestyle and Musculoskeletal Health 117
Jeremy Lewis • Christopher McCarthy • Elizabeth Dean • Anne Söderlund
Michele Sterling
12 Ageing and the Musculoskeletal System 126
Christopher McCarthy • Aubrey Monie • Kevin Singer
PART II
SECTION 2.2
ADVANCES IN THEORY AND
ADVANCES IN MEASUREMENT
PRACTICE
METHODS 136
SECTION 2.1 13 Movement Analysis 137
ADVANCES IN BASIC SCIENCE 7 Aurelio Cappozzo • Andrea Cereatti •
Valentina Camomilla • Claudia Mazzà •
2 The Neurophysiology of Pain and Pain Giuseppe Vannozzi
Modulation: Modern Pain Neuroscience for
14 New Developments in Ultrasound Imaging
Musculoskeletal Physiotherapists 8
in Physiotherapy Practice and Research 144
Jo Nijs • Margot De Kooning • David Beckwée • Peter Vaes
Alan Hough • Maria Stokes
3 Neuro-Electrochemistry of Movement 19
15 Advances in Magnetic Resonance
Harsimran Baweja
Imaging (MRI) Measures 153
4 Postural Control and Sensorimotor James Elliott • Graham Galloway •
Barbara Cagnie • Katie McMahon
Integration 28
Ian Loram 16 Musculoskeletal Pain in the Human Brain:
Insights from Functional Brain Imaging
5 Motor Control and Motor Learning 42
Techniques 161
Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting • Peter Stubbs • Sabata Gervasio
Michael Farrell
6 Interaction between Pain and Sensorimotor
17 Advances in Electromyography 168
Control 53
Deborah Falla • Dario Farina
Paul Hodges • Deborah Falla
18 Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in the
7 Neuromuscular Adaptations to Exercise 68
Measurement and Treatment of
Ross Pollock • Stephen Harridge
Musculoskeletal Disorders 179
8 The Peripheral Nervous System and its Siobhan Schabrun • Caroline Alexander
Compromise in Entrapment Neuropathies 78
19 Musculoskeletal Modelling 187
Annina Schmid
Mark de Zee • John Rasmussen
9 Functional Anatomy 93
20 Quantitative Sensory Testing: Implications
for Clinical Practice 194
9.1 THE CERVICAL SPINE 93
Toby Hall • Kathy Briffa • Axel Schäfer •
Gail Forrester-Gale • Ioannis Paneris
Brigitte Tampin • Niamh Moloney
v
vi Contents
21 Outcome Measures in Musculoskeletal 28 Pain Management Introduction 262
Practice 202
Jonathan Hill 28.1 THE PATIENT’S PAIN EXPERIENCE 262
Hubert van Griensven
SECTION 2.3
28.2 EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES TO PAIN
RESEARCH APPROACHES FOR
MANAGEMENT 265
MUSCULOSKELETAL James McAuley
PHYSIOTHERAPY 211
28.3 PHYSICAL INTERVENTIONS OF PAIN
22 Clinical Research to Test Treatment MANAGEMENT AND POTENTIAL
Effects 212 PROCESSES 269
Kathleen Sluka
Anita Gross • Charlie Goldsmith • David Walton •
Joy MacDermid
29 Spinal Manipulation 277
23 Research Approaches to Musculoskeletal Christopher McCarthy • Joel Bialosky • Darren Rivett
Physiotherapy 220
30 Neurodynamic Management of the Peripheral
Nervous System 287
23.1 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH 221
Lieven Danneels Michel Coppieters • Robert Nee
31 Therapeutic Exercise 298
23.2 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 223
Nicola Petty Deborah Falla • Rod Whiteley • Marco Cardinale • Paul Hodges
32 Management of the Sensorimotor System 310
23.3 MIXED METHODS RESEARCH 224
Hubert van Griensven
32.1 THE CERVICAL REGION 310
24 Standardized Data Collection, Audit and Ulrik Röijezon • Julia Treleaven
Clinical Profiling 227
32.2 SENSORIMOTOR CONTROL OF
Ann Moore
LUMBAR SPINE ALIGNMENT 315
25 Implementation Research 232 Jaap van Dieën • Idsart Kingma •
Nienke Willigenburg • Henri Kiers
Simon French • Sally Green • Rachelle Buchbinder •
Jeremy Grimshaw
32.3 THE LOWER LIMB 319
Nicholas Clark • Scott Lephart
PART III 33 Consideration of Cognitive and
Behavioural Influences on
ADVANCES IN CLINICAL
Physiotherapy Practice 328
SCIENCE AND PRACTICE Justin Kenardy • Kim Bennell
34 Adjunct Modalities for Pain 334
SECTION 3.1
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT 241 34.1 ELECTROPHYSICAL AGENTS 334
Tim Watson
26 Clinical Reasoning and Models for Clinical
Management 242 34.2 ACUPUNCTURE/DRY NEEDLING 336
Peter Kent • Jan Hartvigsen Panos Barlas
27 Communicating with Patients 250 34.3 THE USE OF TAPE IN MANAGING
SPINAL PAIN 339
27.1 PATIENT-FOCUSED PRACTICE AND Jenny McConnell
COMMUNICATION: USE OF
COMMUNICATION IN THE 35 Cautions in Musculoskeletal Practice 342
CLINICAL SETTING 250
Ruth Parry 35.1 MASQUERADERS 343
Susan Greenhalgh • James Selfe
27.2 PATIENT EDUCATION:
A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH 254 35.2 HAEMODYNAMICS AND CLINICAL
Lynne Caladine • Jane Morris PRACTICE 347
Alan Taylor • Roger Kerry
27.3 COMMUNICATING RISK 258
Roger Kerry 35.3 PRE-MANIPULATIVE SCREENING
FOR CRANIOCERVICAL LIGAMENT
INTEGRITY 352
Peter Osmotherly
Contents vii
SECTION 3.2
44.2 THE THORACIC RING APPROACH™ – A
THE BROADER SCOPE OF WHOLE PERSON FRAMEWORK TO
MANAGEMENT 357 ASSESS AND TREAT THE THORACIC
SPINE AND RIBCAGE 449
36 Supported Self-Management and an Overview Linda-Joy Lee
of Self-Help 358
44.3 MANAGEMENT OF THE THORACIC
Ann Moore
SPINE IN PATIENTS WITH COPD 455
37 Role of Physiotherapy in Lifestyle and Nicola Heneghan
Health Promotion in Musculoskeletal
45 Lumbar Spine 460
Conditions 364
Elizabeth Dean • Anne Söderlund
45.1 THE McKENZIE METHOD OF
MECHANICAL DIAGNOSIS AND
38 Musculoskeletal Health in the
THERAPY – AN OVERVIEW 460
Workplace 379
Stephen May • Helen Clare
Venerina Johnston • Leon Straker • Martin Mackey
45.2 MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH FOR
39 Screening 388
THE TARGETED MANAGEMENT OF
LOW BACK PAIN 465
39.1 SCREENING FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL
Peter O’Sullivan • Wim Dankaerts • Kieran O’Sullivan •
DISORDERS 388
Kjartan Fersum
Tania Pizzari • Carolyn Taylor
45.3 TREATMENT-BASED CLASSIFICATION
39.2 WHAT IS OUR BASELINE FOR
SYSTEM 470
MOVEMENT? THE CLINICAL NEED
Julie Fritz
FOR MOVEMENT SCREENING,
TESTING AND ASSESSMENT 394
45.4 MOVEMENT SYSTEM IMPAIRMENT
Gray Cook • Kyle Kiesel SYNDROMES OF THE LOW BACK 474
Shirley Sahrmann • Linda van Dillen
40 Advanced Roles in Musculoskeletal
Physiotherapy 400
45.5 THE ROLE OF MOTOR CONTROL
Jill Gamlin • Maree Raymer • Jeremy Lewis TRAINING 482
Paul Hodges
46 The Sacroiliac Joint (Pelvic Pain): Models
PART IV
of Assessment and Management 488
OVERVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY
46.1 A PERSON-CENTRED BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL
ISSUES IN PRACTICE
APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT AND
MANAGEMENT OF PELVIC
SECTION 4.1 GIRDLE PAIN 488
INTRODUCTION 409 Darren Beales • Peter O’Sullivan
46.2 THE PELVIC GIRDLE: A LOOK
41 Cervical Spine: Idiopathic Neck Pain 410
AT HOW TIME, EXPERIENCE
Gwendolen Jull • Deborah Falla • Shaun O’Leary •
AND EVIDENCE CHANGE
Christopher McCarthy
PARADIGMS 495
42 Whiplash-Associated Disorders 423 Diane Lee
Michele Sterling • Tze Siong Ng • David Walton •
46.3 A CRITICAL VIEWPOINT ON MODELS,
Ashley Smith
TESTING AND TREATMENT OF
43 Temporomandibular Disorders: PATIENTS WITH LUMBOPELVIC
Neuromusculoskeletal Assessment PAIN 500
and Management 433 Annelies Pool-Goudzwaard
Harry von Piekartz
47 Hip-Related Pain 506
44 Thoracic Spine: Models of Assessment and Kay Crossley • Alison Grimaldi • Joanne Kemp
Management 444
48 The Knee: Introduction 522
44.1 CLINICAL EXAMINATION AND
48.1 ACUTE KNEE INJURIES 522
TARGETED MANAGEMENT OF
Lee Herrington
THORACIC MUSCULOSKELETAL
PAIN 444
Quentin Scott
viii Contents
48.2 PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN 528 50.5 FROZEN SHOULDER CONTRACTION
Kay Crossley • Sallie Cowan • Bill Vicenzino SYNDROME 577
Jeremy Lewis
48.3 KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS 536
Kim Bennell • Rana Hinman • Melanie Holden • 51 Elbow 583
George Peat Brooke Coombes • Leanne Bisset • Bill Vicenzino
49 Ankle Injury 547 52 Wrist/Hand 595
Claire Hiller • Kathryn Refshauge Anne Wajon
50 The Shoulder 557
50.1 SHOULDER ASSESSMENT 557 PART V
Eric Hegedus • Jeremy Lewis
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
50.2 ROTATOR CUFF TENDINOPATHY AND
SUBACROMIAL PAIN SYNDROME 563 53 Future Directions in Research
Jeremy Lewis • Karen Ginn and Practice 609
Gwendolen Jull • Ann Moore • Deborah Falla • Jeremy Lewis •
50.3 THE UNSTABLE SHOULDER 568 Christopher McCarthy • Michele Sterling
Lyn Watson • Tania Pizzari • Jane Simmonds •
Jeremy Lewis
50.4 POSTERIOR SHOULDER TIGHTNESS 575 Index 611
John Borstad • Jeremy Lewis
Preface to the Fourth Edition
The first edition of Grieve’s Modern Manual Therapy: The wider understanding and appreciation of the associated
Vertebral Column was published in 1986 and its editor was pain, functional impairments and activity limitations.
the late Gregory Grieve. The convention of a roughly 10 Advances in the neurosciences (e.g. the pain sciences,
year period between editions has been preserved for the sensorimotor sciences) as well as the behavioural sciences
fourth edition of this seminal text. Time is needed to have changed practice. The earlier concepts and practices
allow for the furtherance of research and the knowledge of manipulative therapy have grown and developed and
base and for its translation to clinical practice. A review transitioned into more comprehensive methods of man-
of the content of the four editions of this text is not agement. It was therefore time to make the title of this
unexpectedly, witness to the major changes in knowl- fourth edition reflective of contemporary practice. Hence
edge, evidence base, practice and its delivery over the past the name change to Grieve’s Modern Musculoskeletal
30 years. Physiotherapy.
There has been a change in title of the text, from Since the third edition of this text was published, the
Grieve’s Modern Manual Therapy to Grieve’s Modern Mus- physiotherapy world has been saddened by the passing of
culoskeletal Physiotherapy. This change has been made to some of the original leaders in the field, namely Geoffrey
reflect historical development. Physiotherapists have Maitland, Robin McKenzie and Robert (Bob) Elvey. All
been practising manipulative therapy from the early part had a passion for the discipline and for enhanced patient
of the 20th century under successive medical mentors care. We are sure that they along with Gregory Grieve
such as Edgar Cyriax and James Mennell and subse- would be pleased with the way the clinical art and evi-
quently under James Cyriax, John Mennell and the dence base of manipulative and musculoskeletal physio-
leading osteopath, Alan Stoddard. It was in the 1950s therapy has and will continue to develop. This text with
and 1960s that leading physiotherapists developed con- contributions from contemporary researchers and clini-
cepts or methods of manipulative therapy practice that cians is built upon their legacy.
were eagerly sought by the physiotherapy world inter-
nationally. These early concepts placed a major focus GJ
on articular dysfunction. Manipulative therapy and/or
AM
manual therapy became a method of management, as
DF
reflected in the title of the earlier editions of this text.
The last 20 years in particular have seen quite significant JL
shifts in models of musculoskeletal pain and care which
CM
have spurred and directed contemporary practice and
research. Musculoskeletal disorders are now well embed- MS
ded within a biopsychosocial context which provides a Australia, United Kingdom, Germany 2015
ix