Green Marine Clays

471 Pages·1988·8.84 MB·English

by  G.S. Odln (Eds.)

DEVELOPMENTS IN SEDIMENTOLOGY 45
Green Marine Clays
Oolitic Ironstone Facies, Verdine Facies, Glaucony Facies and
Celadonite-Bearing Facies - A Comparative Study
FURTHER TITLES IN THIS SERIES
VOLUMES 1-1 1, 13-1 5 and 2 1-24 are out of print
12 R.C . G. BATHURST
CARBONATE SEDIMENTS AND THEIR DIAGENESIS
13 H.H. RlEKE Illand G. V. CHlLlNGARlAN
COMPACTION OF ARGILLACEOUS SEDIMENTS
17 M.0 . PICARD and L.R . HIGH Jr.
SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES OF EPHEMERAL STREAMS
18 G. V. CHlLlNGAR lAN and K.H . WOLF, Editors
COMPACTION OF COARSE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS
19 W.S CHWARZACHER
SEDIMENTATION MODELS AND QUANTITATIVE STRATIGRAPHY
20 M.R. WALTER, Editor
STROMATOLITES
25 G. LARSENand G. V. CHILINGAR, ,Editors
DIAGENESIS IN SEDIMENTS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
26 T. SUDOand S. SHIMODA, Editors
CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS OF JAPAN
27 M.M. MORTLANDand V.C. FARMER, Editors
INTERNATIONAL CLAY CONFERENCE 1978
28 A. NISSENBAUM, Editor
HYPERSALINE BRINES AND EVAPORlTlC ENVIRONMENTS
29 P. TURNER
CONTINENTAL RED BEDS
30 J.R.L. ALLEN
SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES
3 1 T. SUDO,S . SHIMODA, H. YOTSUMOTO and S. AlTA
ELECTRON MICROGRAPHS OF CLAY MINERALS
32 C.A. NITTROUER, Editor
SEDIMENTARY DYNAMICS OF CONTINENTAL SHELVES
33 G.N. BATURIN
PHOSPHORITES ON THE SEA FLOOR
34 J.J . FRIPIAT, Editor
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR CLAY MINERAL ANALYSIS
35 H. VAN OLPHENand F. VENIALE, Editors
INTERNATIONAL CLAY CONFERENCE 1981
36 A. IIJIMA, J. R. HElN and R. SIEVER, Editors
SILICEOUS DEPOSITS IN THE PACIFIC REGION
37 A. SlNGERand E. GALAN, Editors
PALYGORSKITE-SEPIOLITE: OCCURRENCES, GENESIS AND USES
38 M.E. BROOKFlELDand T.S. AHLBRANDT, Editors
EOLIAN SEDIMENTS AND PROCESSES
39 B. GREENWOODand R.A. DAVIS Jr., Editors
HYDRODYNAMICS AND SEDIMENTATION IN WAVE-DOMINATED COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS
40 B. VELDE
CLAY MINERALS - A PHYSICO-CHEMICAL EXPLANATION OF THEIR OCCURRENCE
4 1 G. V. CHlLlNGARlAN and K.H . WOLF, Editors
DIAGENESIS, I
42 L.J . DOY’ E aid H.H RORERTS, Editors
CARBONATE-CLASTIC TRANSITIONS
43 G. V. CHlLlNGA RIA N and K. H. WOLF, Editors
DIAGENISIS, II
44 C.E. WEAVER
CLAYS, MUDS AND SHALES
DEVELOPMENTS IN SEDIMENTOLOGY 45
Green Marine Clays
Oolitic Ironstone Facies, Verdine Facies, Glaucony Facies and
Celadonite-Bearing Facies - A Comparative Study
Edited by
G.S. ODlN
Mairre de Recherche - CNRS
Universire Pierre er Marie Curie, Paris
ELSE VI ER
Amsterdam - Oxford - New York - Tokyo 1988
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V.
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P.O. Box 21 1, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Distributors for the United States and Canada:
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING COMPANY INC.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Oolitic ironstone facies, verdine facies, glaucony
facies, and celadonite-bearing facies.
(Developments in sedirnentology ; 45)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Clay minerals. 2. Facies (Geology) 3. Submarine
geology. I. Odin, Gilles S. 11. Series.
QE389.625.055 1988 552l.5 88-3 1042
ISBN 0-444-87120-9
ISBN 0-444-87 120-9 (Vol. 45)
ISBN 0-444-4 1238-7 (Series)
0 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1988
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V
CONTENTS
Contributors VIT
Detailed contents of the volume IX
Foreword (in French) by Georges Millot, de 1' AcadCmie des Sciences XVII
English translation XXI
Introduction to the study of green marine clays 1
Part A THE OOLITIC IRONSTONE FACES
Introduction and contents of Part A 5
*A1 Chamosite, the green marine clay from Chamoson
by M.F. Delaloye and G.S. Odin 7
*A2 Green Marine Clays from the oolitic ironstone facies
by G.S. Odin, R.W.0.B' Knox, S. Guerrak and R.A. Gygi 29
Part B THE VERDINE FACES
Introduction and contents of Part B 53
*B1 The verdine facies from the lagoon off New Caledonia
by G.S. Odin 57
*B2 The verdine facies from the Senegalese continental shelf
by G.S. Odin and J.P. Masse 83
*B3 The verdine facies off French Guiana
by G.S. Odin, I.D.R. Mackinnon, and M. Pujos 105
*B4 The verdine facies deposits identified in 1988
by G.S. Odin, J.P. Debenay and J.P. Masse 131
*B5 Mineralogy of the verdine facies
by G.S. Odin, S.W. Bailey, M. Amouric, F. Frohlich and
G.A. Waychunas 159
*B6 Geological significance of the verdine facies
by G.S. Odin and B.K. Sen Gupta 205
Part C THE GLAUCONY FACES
Introduction and contents of Part C 22 1
*C1 Glaucony from the Gulf of Guinea
by G.S. Odin 225
*C2 Glaucony from the margin off northwestern Spain
by G.S. Odin and M. Lamboy 249
*C3 Glaucony from the Kerguelen Plateau
by G.S. Odin and F. Frohlich 277
*C4 Geological significance of the glaucony facies
by G.S. Odin and P.D. Fullagar 295
VI
Part D THE CELADONITE-BEARING FACES
Introduction and contents of Part D 333
*D Nature and geological significance of celadonite
by G.S. Odin, A. Desprairies, P.D. Fullagar, H. Bellon, A. Decarreau,
F. Frohlich, and M. Zelvelder 337
Conclusion to the study of green marine clays 399
Acknowledgements 405
Glossary 407
References 419
Index of collaborators 44 1
Geographical index 443
VII
CONTRIBUTORS
M. Amouric Centre de Recherche sur les mCcanismes de la croissance
cristalline, Case 913, F13288 Marseille Cedex 9, (France)
S.W. Bailey Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of
Wisconsin 1215W, Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A.
H. Bellon Laboratoire de GCochimie, G.I.S. OcCanologie , 6 Avenue
Le Gorgeu, F29287 Brest Cedex, France.
J.P. Debenay Laboratoire de GCologie, UniversitC du Maine, F72017 Le
Mans Cedex, France.
A. Decarreau Laboratoire de PCtrologie de la Surface, UniversitC, 40
Avenue du Recteur Pineau, F86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.
M. Delaloye DCpartement de MinCralogie, UniversitC de Genkve, 13,
rue des Maraichers, CH 1211 Genkve, Switzerland.
A. Desprairies Laboratoire de GCochimie sedimentaire, UniversitC de Pans
Sud, B2timent 504, F91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
F. Frohlich Laboratoire de GCologie, MusCum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, 43 rue de Buffon, F75005 Paris, France.
P.D. Fullagar Department of Geology, The University of North Carolina,
Mitchell Hall CB 3315, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, U.S.A.
S. Guerrak Institut de GCologie, UniversitC de Rennes I, Campus de
Beaulieu, F35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
R.A. Gygi Naturhistorisches Museum, Augustinergasse 2, CH 405 1
Basel, Switzerland.
R.W.O'B. Knox British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG
125GG, England, U.K.
M. Lamboy Laboratoire de GCologie, UniversitC de Rouen, BP 118,
F76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
I.D.R. Mackinnon Department of Geology, The University of New Mexico,
Northrop Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.A.
J.P. Masse Laboratoire de Stratigraphie, UniversitC de Provence, Centre
St-Charles, F13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
G. Millot Institut de GCologie, UniversitC Louis Pasteur, 1, rue
Blessig, F 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
G.S. Odin DCpartement de GCologie dynamique, UniversitC P. et M.
Curie, 4, Place Jussieu, F75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
M. Pujos DCpartement de GCologie, UniversitC de Bordeaux I,
Avenue des FacultCs, F33405 Talence Cedex, France.
B.K. Sen Gupta Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A.
G.A. Waychunas Center for Materials Research, 105 McCullough Building,
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A.
M. Zelvelder DCpartement de GCologie dynamique, UniversitC P. et M.
Curie, 4, Place Jussieu, F75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
IX
DETAILED CONTENTS OF PARTS A, B, C, and D:
CONTENTS of PART A
*Introduction to the oolitic ironstone facies 5
*Contents of Part A 6
*Chapter A1 Chamosite the green marine clay from Chamoson
by M.F. Delaloye and G.S. Odin
1. Introduction 7
2. Petrography of the Swiss oolitic ironstone 9
2.1. Elements of the sediment 9
2.2. The groundmass of the oolitic sediment 14
3. Mineralogical data on the green clay 15
3.1. X-ray diffraction study 15
3.2. Chemical study 19
3.3.Thermal study 22
4. Discussion and conclusions on the genesis of the facies 24
4.1. Environment of deposition of the oolitic ironstone 24
4.2. Mineralogy of the green clay 25
4.3.Discussion on the genesis of the green clay from Chamoson 26
5. summary 28
*Chapter A2 Green marine clays from the oolitic ironstone facies:
habit, mineralogy, environment
by G.S. Odin, R.W. O'B. Knox, R.A. Gygi, and S. Guerrak
1. Introduction 29
2. The problem of the ooids 30
2.1. Interpretations of the ooids 30
2.2. The extra-sedimentary accretion hypothesis 31
2.3. The intra-sedimentary concretion hypothesis 32
2.4. The mid replacement hypothesis 34
2.5. The non-oolitic hypothesis 38
3. The green clay in the groundmass 39
4. Mineralogy of the ironstone green clays 40
4.1. Green clays of the ooids 40
4.2. Presumed initial green clays 42
5. Discussion of the environmental factors 44
5.1. General environment of oolitic ironstone formations 44
5.2. Microenvironment of green clay genesis in ooids 47
6. Summary 51
CONTENTS of PART B
*
Introduction to the verdine facies 53
*
Contents of part B 54