Table Of ContentSustainable Agriculture and Food Security
Hupenyu Allan Mupambwa
Adornis Dakarai Nciizah
Patrick Nyambo
Binganidzo Muchara
Ndakalimwe Naftal Gabriel Editors
Food Security
for African
Smallholder
Farmers
Sustainability Sciences in Asia and Africa
Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security
SeriesEditor
Rajeev K. Varshney, Semi-Arid Tropics, International Crops Research Institute,
Patancheru,Telangana,India
Thisbookseriessupporttheglobaleffortstowardssustainabilitybyprovidingtimely
coverageoftheprogress,opportunities,andchallengesofsustainablefoodproduc-
tionandconsumptioninAsiaandAfrica. Theseriesnarratesthesuccessstoriesand
researchendeavorsfromtheregionsofAfricaandAsiaonissuesrelatingtoSDG2:
Zero hunger. It fosters the research in transdisciplinary academic fields spanning
across sustainable agriculture systems and practices, post- harvest and food supply
chains.Itwillalsofocusonbreedingprogramsforresilientcrops,efficiencyincrop
cycle, various factors of food security, as well as improving nutrition and curbing
hunger and malnutrition. The focus of the series is to provide a comprehensive
publication platform and act as a knowledge engine in the growth of sustainability
scienceswithaspecialfocusondevelopingnations.Theserieswillpublishmainly
editedvolumesbutsomeauthoredvolumes.Thesevolumeswillhavechaptersfrom
eminentpersonalitiesintheirareaofresearchfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/16642
(cid:129)
Hupenyu Allan Mupambwa
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Adornis Dakarai Nciizah Patrick Nyambo
(cid:129)
Binganidzo Muchara Ndakalimwe Naftal Gabriel
Editors
Food Security for African
Smallholder Farmers
Editors
HupenyuAllanMupambwa AdornisDakaraiNciizah
SANUMARC AgriculturalResearchCouncil—Natural
UniversityofNamibia Resources&Engineering
HentiesBay,Namibia Pretoria,SouthAfrica
PatrickNyambo BinganidzoMuchara
RiskandVulnerabilityScienceCentre GraduateSchoolofBusinessLeadership
(RAVAC) UniversityofSouthAfrica
UniversityofFortHare Midrandx,SouthAfrica
AliceCampus,SouthAfrica
NdakalimweNaftalGabriel
DepartmentofFisheriesandOcean
Sciences
UniversityofNamibia
Hentiesbaai,Namibia
ISSN2730-6771 ISSN2730-678X (electronic)
SustainabilitySciencesinAsiaandAfrica
ISSN2730-6798 ISSN2730-6801 (electronic)
SustainableAgricultureandFoodSecurity
ISBN978-981-16-6770-1 ISBN978-981-16-6771-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6771-8
©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingapore
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Contents
PartI Agronomy:SoilsandCropDevelopment
1 DecadesofCultivarDevelopment:AReconciliationofMaizeand
BeanBreedingProjectsandTheirImpactsonFood,Nutrition
Security,andIncomeofSmallholderFarmersinSub-Saharan
Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
AleckKondwakwenda,BruceMutari,KennedySimango,
EileenBogwehNchanji,RowlandChirwa,JeanClaudeRubyogo,
andJuliaSibiya
2 FromSoiltoFork:CanSustainableIntensificationGuarantee
FoodSecurityforSmallholderFarmers?.. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. 27
AdornisD.Nciizah,HupenyuA.Mupambwa,PatrickNyambo,
andBinganidzoMuchara
3 Sub-SaharanAfricaSmallholderFarmersAgriculturalProductivity:
RisksandChallenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
PatrickNyambo,PeterNyambo,ZiraMavunganidze,
andVioletNyambo
4 IntegratedUseofLivestockManureandInorganicFertilizer
forSustainableAgriculturalIntensificationonMarginalSoils
inSub-SaharanAfrica. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. 59
M.E.Malobane,M.Makwela,P.Nyambo,andA.D.Nciizah
5 In-FieldSoilConservationPracticesandCropProductivity
inMarginalizedFarmingAreasofZimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
CosmasParwada,JustinChipomho,andRonaldMandumbu
6 CanOrganicSoilFertilityManagementSustainFarmingand
IncreaseFoodSecurityAmongAfricanSmallholderFarmers?. . . . 89
HupenyuAllanMupambwa,AdornisDakaraiNciizah,
andPatrickNyambo
v
vi Contents
7 PrecisionAgricultureUnderAridEnvironments:Prospectsfor
AfricanSmallholderFarmers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
H.A.Mupambwa,A.D.Nciizah,E.Dube,andM.Fanadzo
8 ChallengesandOpportunitiesforSoilFertilityandFoodSecurity
ImprovementinSmallholderMaize-TobaccoProductionSystems:
ACaseStudyfromSvosveArea,MashonalandEast,Zimbabwe. . . 129
NothandoDunjana,RebeccaZengeni,PardonMuchaonyerwa,
MenasWuta,andErnestDube
9 On-FarmResearchChallengesforAgronomicFieldTrialsin
SmallholderSystems:APracticalExperiencefromZanyokwe
IrrigationScheme,SouthAfrica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
MorrisFanadzo,ErnestDube,andNothandoDunjana
PartII WaterResourcesinAgricultureandFisheries
10 AgriculturalWaterResourceGovernanceforSustainableFood
Production:LessonsfromDevelopingEconomies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
BinganidzoMuchara,AdornisD.Nciizah,HupenyuA.Mupambwa,
andPatrickNyambo
11 AquacultureandFisheriesProductioninAfrica:Highlighting
PotentialsandBenefitsforFoodSecurity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
YemiAkegbejo-Samsons
12 MedicinalPlants:APerspectiveonTheirApplication
intheAfricanSmallholderAquacultureFarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
NdakalimweNaftalGabriel,JohannesA.Iitembu,
OliverJolezyaHasimuna,GhasemRashidian,
EsauMatthewsMbokane,NgonidzasheAdreckGukutaMoyo,
andSamkelisiweNosiphoHlophe-Ginindza
13 ApplicationofIntegratedWaterResourcesManagementTowards
LivelihoodImprovement:ACaseofSmallholderFarmersin
Olushandja,Namibia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
MaydayHaulofu,SilvanusK.Uunona,AuneT.M.Amwaama,
AnnaT.Haufiku,andEarlW.Lewis
PartIII ClimateChangeandResilience
14 ClimateChangeImpactsonFoodandNutritionSecurityon
SmallholderFarmersinSouthernAfrica. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . 233
ParamuMafongoya,MisheckMusokwa,LibosterMwadzingeni,
andMutondiwaM.Phophi
Contents vii
15 Climate-SmartAgriculture:PerspectivesforSubsistenceCrop
FarminginNamibia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
N.Siyambango,C.Togarepi,B.Mudamburi,H.A.Mupambwa,
andS.Awala
16 SmallholderFarmers’AdaptationStrategiesandFoodSecurity:
ExperiencesfromZimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
TendaiNciizah,ElinahNciizah,CarolineMubekaphi,
andAdornisD.Nciizah
17 BuildingResiliencetoClimateChangebyAdoptingConservation
AgricultureintheSmallholderFarmingSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
CosmasParwada,JustinChipomho,andRonaldMandumbu
18 ContributionofUnderutilisedIndigenousCropstoEnhanced
FoodandNutritionSecurityintheAdventofClimateChange. . . . 295
ThobekaKunene,SamkelisiweHlophe-Ginindza,
VimbayiG.P.Chimonyo,AlbertT.Modi,SylvesterMpandeli,
LuxonNhamo,andTafadzwanasheMabhaudhi
PartIV FarmerKnowledge:IndigenousKnowledgeSystems
19 LiquidGold:HarnessingthePotentialofDigestatetoEnhance
SmallholderFarmerFoodSecurityandLivelihood. . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
AshiraRoopnarain,BusiswaNdaba,HaripriyaRama,LindaObi,
MaryamBello-Akinosho,andMuyiwaAkindolire
20 ImportanceofMushroomsforFoodSecurityinAfrica. . . . . . . . . . 343
O.M.Adedokun,J.K.Odiketa,O.E.Afieroho,andM.C.Afieroho
21 MushroomCultivationinAridNamibia:CultivationStatus,
ContributiontoHumanHealthandFutureProspects. . . . . . . . . . . 361
MarthaKasikuHausiku
PartV Socio-agroEconomy
22 ‘CanWomenOwnLand’?LandInheritancesConvolutions:
EvidencefromtheZimbabweanResettlementAreas. . . . . . . . . . . . 375
KwashiraiZvokuombaandKeziaBatisai
PartVI AgriculturalPolicy
23 TheGovernanceofAquacultureinNamibiaasaVehicleforFood
SecurityandEconomicGrowth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
JohannesAngalaIitembu,NdakalimweNaftalGabriel,
MartinTjipute,HiskiaAsino,andJohannesHamukwaya
viii Contents
24 ADecadeofAgronomicResearchImpactonCommercializing
TraditionalHomesteadProductionofAmadumbeinUmbumbulu
KwaZulu-Natal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
ThembisileC.Mapumulo
Correctionto:Sub-SaharanAfricaSmallholderFarmersAgricultural
Productivity:RisksandChallenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C1
PatrickNyambo,PeterNyambo,ZiraMavunganidze,andVioletNyambo
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
About the Editors
HupenyuAllanMupambwa holdsaPhDinSoilScience,wherehespecializedin
organicsoilfertility management.Currently, heleads theDesertandCoastalAgri-
culture research program at the University of Namibia, with a combined 13 years’
experience in government agriculture research and training as well as university
undergraduateandpostgraduateteachingandresearchincrop-basedagriculture.To
date, he has published 24 manuscripts, contributed four book chapters, and also
supervised and examined several postgraduate students. His research focuses on
wastebeneficiation,vermi-technology,andorganicsoilfertilitymanagementwitha
drivetowardsimprovingthesoilqualityamongresourcepoorfarmers.
AdornisDakaraiNciizah holdsaPhDinCropScienceandhisresearchfocusedon
soil surface structural conditions and properties affecting early crop growth. He is
currently a Specialist Researcher in Soil Science with the Agricultural Research
Council—Natural Resources and Engineering (ARC-NRE) in Pretoria,
South Africa. His current research work focuses on climate-smart agriculture,
sustainable bio-energy feedstock production in marginal soils, micronutrient seed
primingformicronutrient-deficientsoils,andsustainable agriculturalproductionin
smallholderfarmingareas.Hehasauthorednumerousscientificpapersandreviews
on agronomy and soil science and trained smallholder farmers in climate-smart
agriculture.
Patrick Nyambo holds a PhD in Crop Science where his research specialized on
climate-smartandsustainablecropproductionpractices.Currently,heisapostdoc-
toralresearcherintheRiskandVulnerabilityScienceCentre,workingontheproject
entitled “Water-Energy-Foodcommunities inSouth Africa: multi-actor nexus gov-
ernance for social justice.” Since 2013, he has worked as a temporary lecturer,
responsibleforlecturingundergraduatecoursesandsupervisingundergraduateand
postgraduatestudentprojects.HeworkedasaresearchagronomistattheAgronomy
ResearchInstituteinZimbabwe.Patrickhasnumerouspublicationsinpeer-reviewed
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