First Aid Training

276 Pages·2014·4.98 MB·English

First Aid Training

First Aid Training

Macaé, RJ
January 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. RULES .................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1 FALCK'S RULES ............................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 COURSE GENERAL GUIDELINES ..................................................................................................... 8
MODULE I – FIRST AID .................................................................................................................... 9
1. THE IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID ONBOARD......................................................................... 10
1.1 IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF ONBOARD FIRST AID ACTIVITIES ............................................... 10
1.2 FIRST AID RESOURCES AVAILABLE ONBOARD OFFSHORE UNITS, SUPPORT NEARBY AND
EVACUATION MEANS .................................................................................................................. 10
1.3 FIRST AID ..................................................................................................................................... 12
1.4 OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION ONBOARD .................................................................................. 13
1.5 VACCINATION .............................................................................................................................. 14
1.6 EMERGENCY ALERTS AND COMMUNICATION MEANS ................................................................ 15
1.7 BASIC RULES DURING AN EMERGENCY AND URGENCY SITUATION ............................................ 15
1.8 SCENE EVALUATION ......................................................................................................................... 16
1.9 FIRST EVALUATION (LIFE ABCDE) ........................................................................................................ 18
1.10 FAST EVALUATION ....................................................................................................................... 24
1.11 THOROUGH EXAMINATION ................................................................................................................. 35
1.12 MEDICAL ADVICE ......................................................................................................................... 37
1.13 BODY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ............................................................................................. 40
1.14 VITAL SIGNS .................................................................................................................................... 65
1.15 CARDIOPULMONARY ARREST (CPA) ............................................................................................ 77
1.16 BURNS ........................................................................................................................................... 87
1.17 EMERGENCIES PRODUCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL COLD ............................................................................. 93
1.18 INTOXICATION ................................................................................................................................. 96
1.19 POISONOUS ANIMALS THAT CAUSE INTOXICATION ................................................................................ 102
1.20 CIRCULATORY CHANGES .................................................................................................................. 105
1.21 BLEEDING .................................................................................................................................. 113
1.22 SHOCK ......................................................................................................................................... 115
1.23 FOREIGN BODIES............................................................................................................................ 126
MODULE II – HEALTH MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................... 129
2. ONBOARD HEALTH MANAGEMENT ................................................................................... 130
2.1 HYGIENE CONCEPT .................................................................................................................... 130
2.2 PERSONAL HYGIENE RULES ....................................................................................................... 131
2.3 INJURY ....................................................................................................................................... 134
2.4 CLINICAL EMERGENCY ............................................................................................................... 145
2.5 INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES ...................................................................................... 156
2.6 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE - STD ................................................................................... 172
2.7 PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES – PAS .......................................................................................... 181
2.8 PSYCHOMOTOR ALTERATIONS .................................................................................................. 191
2.9 ONBOARD NURSING MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 196
2.10 THE MOST IMPORTANT GENERAL MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES ................................................ 196
2.11 GENERAL NURSING PRINCIPLES ................................................................................................ 197
2.12 MAIN NURSING RECORDS ......................................................................................................... 199
2.13 HEALTH CARE RECORDS ............................................................................................................ 205
2.14 MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT ................................................................................ 207
2.15 CONTROLLING PAIN .................................................................................................................. 214
2.16 TABLE OF MEDICATIONS ........................................................................................................... 220
2.17 ADMINISTRATIONS OF MEDICINES ........................................................................................... 221
2.18 PASSING THE CATHETER ............................................................................................................ 228
2.19 MOBILITY IN BED ......................................................................................................................... 234
2.20 PHARMACY MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................... 236
MODULE III - FIST AID PRACTICE ................................................................................................. 245
3. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES ....................................................................................................... 246
3.1 ABDOMINAL INJURIES ............................................................................................................... 246
3.2 EVISCERATION ............................................................................................................................. 247
3.3 BRUISES ........................................................................................................................................ 247
3.4 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ABDOMINAL TRAUMA ................................................................... 248
3.5 THORACIC INJURIES ................................................................................................................... 248
3.6 PENETRATING OR OPEN INJURIES ............................................................................................. 252
3.7 INFECTION ................................................................................................................................. 253
3.8 INFLAMMATION ........................................................................................................................ 253
3.9 ORTHOPEDIC TRAUMA INJURIES ............................................................................................... 254
3.10 TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) ............................................................................................... 260
3.11 SPINAL CORD INJURY (SCI) ......................................................................................................... 261
3.12 FIRST AID CASES ........................................................................................................................ 264
3.13 TRANSPORTING A CASUALTY .................................................................................................... 268
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 275

Course Name First Aid Training
File Name Manual CPSO EN 2014-01-24
Date of Most Recent 24-01- 2014
Update
FIRST AID TRAINING
1. RULES

1.1 FALCK'S RULES

Respect all warning signs, safety warnings and instructions;
Loose clothes, jewelry, piercings, etc. must not be used during practical
exercises;
It is not allowed to wear sleeveless shirts, shorts or mini-skirts; wearing
trousers and shoes is mandatory;
Instructors and assistants will have priority in accessing the cafeteria;
Do not walk through training areas without permission. Use the Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) in recommended areas;
The trainees are responsible for their belongings. Lockers with padlocks and
keys are available and they shall be used when instructed. Falck Safety Services is
not responsible for any loss or damage;
Smoking is harmful to health. It is allowed only in areas previously identified;
Individuals considered to be under the effect of alcohol or illegal drugs will be
cut off from the training and sent back to their employer;
Cell phones must be turned off during the briefing;
We advise women not to wear high heels;
Discussions, discrimination and inconvenient behavior of any kind are not
tolerated;
The trainees must follow Falck’s employees instructions at all times;
Every trainee is responsible for ensuring the training safety under the best
possible conditions. Unsafe acts or conditions must be immediately reported to the
instructors;
Photographs, films or any image owned by the company can only be
obtained upon prior authorization;
Pregnant women cannot carry out training due to the practical exercises;
If an absence during the training period is inevitable, request the specific
form for a permission to leave. Your employer will be informed about it, and if it
exceeds 10% of the discipline hours you won't be able to continue the training;
Falck Safety Services ensures the trainee’s safe transport during their stay in
the Company in its selected vehicles. The Company is not responsible by transport
in private vehicles;
The Certificates / Training Cards will be sent to the contractor Company,
unless if authorized otherwise. Private students must wait for the assessment
results, and if approved, they will receive their Training Card;
The individuals who violate these rules or who intentionally subtract or
damage the equipment will be held accountable, and the measures required by the
situation will be taken.

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First Aid Training
1.2 COURSE GENERAL GUIDELINES

1.2.1 Concerning the course structure

This course structure follows NORMAM–24 from Bureau of Harbors and
Coastlands / Brazilian Navy – Resolution IMO A.891(21) STCW 78/95.

1.2.2 Regarding Class Attendance

The class and practical activities attendance is mandatory.
The student must obtain at least 90% of attendance.
According to the paragraphs outlined above, it will be considered as
skipping: failure in attending classes, delays exceeding 10 minutes from the start of
any scheduled activity, or unauthorized egress during the class development.

1.2.3 Regarding Course Approval

It will be considered approved the students who:
a) Obtain a score equal or higher than 6.0 (six) on a 0 to 10
(zero to ten) scale in the theoretical assessment, and
achieve a satisfactory concept in practical activities.
b) Have the required minimum class attendance (90%).
If the student does not meet the conditions described in the paragraphs
above, he will fail the assessment.
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MODULE I – FIRST AID
First Aid Training
1. THE IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID ONBOARD

A well trained crew may save
several lives, avoid panic and gather
detailed information concerning onboard
events.
The aiders must be aware of their
actions implementation. Everyone has
rights and obligations, in this situation, not
providing assistance means the following
according to the Brazilian Criminal Code
Art. 135º: “Not providing assistance when
it is possible to do so without personal
risks to abandoned children, invalid or
injured people exposed to imminent or severe danger; nor calling public assistance:
Penalty - one to six months arrest or fine.
Sole Paragraph – “The penalty is increased by its half if the omission results
in severe body injury, and it triplicates if it results in death.”

1.1 IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF ONBOARD FIRST AID
ACTIVITIES

When an accident occurs, the first person contacting the victim must know
the correct first aid procedures, because sometimes this assistance is crucial for the
victim's future and survival.
Knowing the first aid techniques may reduce the pain, future complications
and even save lives.
Understanding the victim's situation enables the aider to diagnose hidden
injuries and investigate the existing ones. It is worthless identifying a trauma if you
do not know what to do next, that's why competent people are required in these
situations.
The basic emergency assistance principles are based on the three R’s:
 Rapidez no atendimento (Fast Assistance);
 Reconhecimento das lesões (Injuries identification);
 Reparação das lesões (Injuries treatment).

When approaching someone, the following complicated issues must be
addressed: medical urgency and emergency. In order to cover these topics, let's
check some basic knowledge involving the initial assistance.

1.2 FIRST AID RESOURCES AVAILABLE ONBOARD
OFFSHORE UNITS, SUPPORT NEARBY AND EVACUATION MEANS

Emergency is an abnormal situation which endangers the individual's life, the
structure around or the environment.
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