Ethno-medicinal study of plants used for treatment of human and livestock ailments by traditional

15 Pages·2013·0.7 MB·English

CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
Provided by Springer - Publisher Connector
Tolossaetal.JournalofEthnobiologyandEthnomedicine2013,9:32
http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/9/1/32 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY
AND ETHNOMEDICINE
RESEARCH Open Access
Ethno-medicinal study of plants used for
treatment of human and livestock ailments by
traditional healers in South Omo, Southern
Ethiopia
Ketema Tolossa1*, Etana Debela2, Spiridoula Athanasiadou3, Adugna Tolera4, Gebeyehu Ganga5
and Jos GM Houdijk3
Abstract
Background: Plants have traditionally been used for treatment ofhumanand livestock ailments in Ethiopia by
different ethnic and social groups. However, this valuablesource of knowledgeis not adequatelydocumented,
which impedes their widespread use, evaluation and validation. Here, we recorded indigenous knowledgeand
standard practices for human and livestock disease control, ofthreeethnic groups (Aari, Maale and Bena-Tsemay) in
SouthOmoZone of Southern Nations,Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire to documentknowledge of
50 traditional healers (40 male and 10 female) in medicinal plant use for treatment of human and livestock
ailments. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and summarize theethno-botanical data.
Results: Ninety-one plants, withclaimed medicinal properties against a total of34 human and livestock ailments,
were reported and botanically identified as belonging to 57 genera and 33 plant families. Most of theplant species
reported belonged to one ofseven major families: Lamiaceae,Solanaceae, Menispermiaceae,Fabaceae, Asteraceae,
Plumbaginaceae and Geraniaceae. Woody plants (shrubs21% and trees 29%) were themajor growth form used,
whilst roots(40%) and leaves(35%) were the major plant parts used in thestudy areas. Healers mostly practice oral
administration of plant preparations(65%). Multiple medicinalplants were cited against particular ailments, and
mixing of two or more different medicinal plants (14.3%) against a single ailment was also commonly reported.
Conclusion: This study showed that traditional medicine, mainly involving theuse of medicinal plants, is playinga
significant role inmeeting the primary healthcare needs ofthethree ethnic groups. Acceptance of traditional
medicine and limited access to modern healthcare facilities could be considered as themain factors for the
continuation of thepractice. Documentedknowledge ofthetraditional healers can be used to supportthe
country’shumanand livestock health care system and improvelives and livelihoods. Information generated will be
used in future studies to validate bioactivityof selected medicinal plants used by traditional healers, so to increase
their acceptability in health care systemsboth nationally and internationally.
Keywords: Ethnomedicine, Traditional healers, Medicinal plants, South Omo, Ailments, Informants consensus factor
*Correspondence:[email protected]
1DepartmentofChemistry,CollegeofNaturalandComputationalScience,
HawassaUniversity,P.O.Box05,Hawassa,Ethiopia
Fulllistofauthorinformationisavailableattheendofthearticle
©2013Tolossaetal.;licenseeBioMedCentralLtd.ThisisanOpenAccessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreative
CommonsAttributionLicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,and
reproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Tolossaetal.JournalofEthnobiologyandEthnomedicine2013,9:32 Page2of15
http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/9/1/32
Background existentforsomecommunitymembersofthestudyareas.
Knowledge can arise from scientific or traditional sources This study is basically focusingon a remote and pastoral-
[1].Traditionalknowledgehasbeendescribedas acumu- ist areas where the accessibility, affordability and cultural
lative body of knowledge, practice and belief, evolving acceptability of the use of medicinal plants for treatment
throughadaptiveprocessesandhandedoverthroughgen- of human and livestock ailments is very significant. The
erationsbyculturaltransmission[2].Traditionalmedicine dependence of the plant-based health care system could
isusedthroughouttheworldasitisheavilydependenton partlybeattributedtounderdevelopedinfrastructuresand
locally available plant species and plant-based products modern medical health care system in the general area.
and capitalizes ontraditional wisdom-repositoryof know- Unless the plants are conserved and the ethno-medicinal
ledge [3]. The wide spread use of traditional medicine knowledgeisdocumented, there isa dangerthatboththe
could be attributed to cultural acceptability, economic valuable medicinal plants and the associated indigenous
affordabilityandefficacyagainstcertaintypeofdiseasesas knowledge of the ethnic groups could vanish forever due
compared to modern medicines. Thus, different local to lack of documentation [6] and loss of valuable medi-
communities in countries across the world have indigen- cinal plants due to population pressure, agricultural ex-
ousexperienceinvariousmedicinalplantswheretheyuse pansion and deforestation [16], as well as due to drought,
their perceptions and experience to categorize plants and urbanizationandacculturation[17].Furthermore,pastoral
plant parts to be used when dealing with different and agro-pastoral communities of these ethnic groups
ailments[4]. have remained ethno-medicinally unexplored and there is
Plants have played a central part in combating many no comprehensive account of the medicinal plant-based
ailments in human and livestock in many indigenous practices. Therefore, the objective of this study was to
communities, including Africa [5]. Traditional healers, document the indigenous knowledge and practices of the
and particularly medicinal plant herbalists, in Africa healersinthestudyareas(thethreeethnicsocietiesinthe
have a detailed knowledge-base of traditional medicine South Omo zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities
[6,7], which is transferred orally from one generation to and Peoples Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia) on medicinal
the next through professional healers, knowledgeable el- plantsforhumanandlivestockdiseasecontrol.Below,we
dersand/orordinarypeople [8]. describe the study area, how informants were selected,
In Ethiopia, traditional medicine has played a signifi- the type of information we have gathered, and the use
cant role in treating health problems in both livestock of the informant consensus factor to synthesize the in-
and humans [9-12]. Knowledge of medicinal plants of formation obtained, followed by presenting our findings
Ethiopia and of their uses provides vital contribution to and discussing them in context of existing literature.
human and livestock health care needs throughout the
country[13].Theplant-basedhumanandlivestockhealth
carepersistsandremainsasthemainalternativetreatment Materials and methods
fordifferentailmentsinEthiopia,largelyduetoshortageof Descriptionofthestudyareaandthepeople
pharmaceuticalproducts,prohibitivedistanceofthehealth The study was conducted in selected areas of the South
service stations, unaffordable prices by small holder Omo zone, inhabited by three ethnic groups (Aari, Maale
farmersandpastoralistsforconventionaldrugs,emergence and Bena-Tsemay). The administrative zone is bordered
and re-emergence of certain diseases and appearance of onthesouthbyKenya,onthewestbyBenchMaji,onthe
drugresistantmicrobesand/orhelminthes[14]. northwestbyKefa-Sheka,onthenorthbyNorthOmo,on
Much of the Ethiopian South Omo population is made thenortheastbytheDerasheandKonsoSpecialWoredas,
up of nomadic pastoralists who depend upon livestock as andontheeastbytheOromiaRegionalState(Figure1).
theirmainsourceoflivelihood[15].Thetraditionalmedi- Theannualaveragetemperatureoftheareais28°Cwith
cinal plant lore and potentials of the three ethnic groups an annual average rainfall of 1190 mm [18]. The 2007
have not been investigated to a conspicuous level. Similar census data revealed that the zone has a total popula-
to many other rural communities in Ethiopia, the use of tion of 573,435 people (286,607 male and 286,828 fe-
traditional medicinal plants plays a vital role in human male) of which 4.45% are pastoralists and semi-
andlivestockhealthcaresystemsinthepastoralandagro- pastoralists.Theircultureplaces highestvalueoncattle,
pastoralcommunitiesofthestudy areas. Thethreeethnic with relatively less on mixed farming (Central Statistics
groups(Aari,Maale andBena-Tsemay)inSouth Omoare Agency, 2007). Among the six largest ethnic groups liv-
expected to be custodians of valuable indigenous know- ing in the area, Aari, Maale and Hamer-Bena (Bena-
ledge on the use of their traditional medicinal plants, Tsemay) comprise 42.9%, 13.5% and 12.9%, respectively.
which they use for treating of human and livestock ail- Aari, Maale and Hamer are the major languages spoken
ments. Currently, access to modern health services for by 43.3%, 13.7% and 13% of the people in the area, re-
both human and livestock is very limited and/or non- spectively [19].
Tolossaetal.JournalofEthnobiologyandEthnomedicine2013,9:32 Page3of15
http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/9/1/32
Figure1MapofSouthOmozoneindicatedbytheshadedregion.
Selectionofinformants Datacollectionandanalysis
A total of 50 traditional healers, i.e. 24 from the Aari (20 Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and
males and 4 females), 16 from the Maale (13 males and summarize the ethno-botanical data. Based on the infor-
3 females) and 10 from Bena-Tsemay (7 males and 3 mation obtained from the informants, the ailments
females)ethnicgroupsofdifferentages(32–81years)were reported were grouped into a total of 12 categories
selected with the help of local elders, agricultural and (Table1). Toestimatemedicinalplant use variability and
health extension workers and administrative personnel, to assist prioritizing medicinal plants for further studies,
and interviewed as key informants. The selected healers the informant consensus factor (ICF) was calculated
werewell-knowninthecommunityduetotheirlongprac- [20]. The ICF is calculated using the number of use cita-
tice in providing services related to traditional health care tions (Nuc) in each category and the number of plant
to the community. Prior to the interview process, discus- species (Ns)cited throughthe following formula:
sion was held with the informants through assistance of
Nuc−Ns
local elders to elaborate the objective of the study. This ICF ¼
Nuc−1
was done to clarify the purpose and build confidence of
the respondents to provide reliable information without Thus, ICF values range from 0 to 1, with high values
suspicion. After the discussion, 6 potential informants (i.e. close to 1) indicating that relatively few plants are
(2 from Aari, 1 from Maale and 3 from Bena-Tsemay) usedbyalargeproportionofinformants,whilelowvalues
showed unwillingness to share their medicinal plant (<0.5) indicate that informants do not agree on the plant
knowledge and withdrew from the study. The 50 healers speciestobeusedtotreatacategoryofailments.
thatparticipatedinthestudywereaskedtoprovideinfor-
mation on plant(s) use against any kind of illness in Results and discussion
humans and livestock, and in particular the type of plant Knowledgeofinformantsonmedicinalplants
(e.g.trees,shrubs,herbs,climbersorothers)andtheparts Indigenous people of different localities have their own
used (e.g. roots, leaves, seeds, flowers, stems or others), specific knowledge on plant use, management and con-
the methods of remedy preparation (e.g. concoction, fil- servation [21]. Medicinal plants represent a significant
trate,pasteon,smokebath,poundedorothers),theroutes contribution to human and livestock health and it has
of administration (e.g. oral, topical, smoke bath, nasal been suggested that their use is one of the most signifi-
or others) and the dosage. Specimen of the reported cant ways in which humans directly reap the benefits
medicinalplantswerecollectedduringtheinterviewfrom provided from biodiversity [22,23]. During the field sur-
the field, coded and sent to the National Herbarium of vey in our study areas, informants reported ethno-
Addis Ababa University for botanical identification and medicinal data of 91 species of plants distributed across
archiving. 33 families and 57 genera as having medicinal properties
hT
ttpolo
://wssa
we
Table1Informantconsensusfactor(ICF)valuesofusecategoryofmultipleplantsclaimedashavingmedicinalvaluesbyinformantsofthethreeethnic w.ethnobtal.Journ
groupsfromSouthOmozone,southernEthiopia iomalo
Usecategory Plantspecies Numberof %ofall ICF edfE
usecitation* citations value .cothn
mo
PAonitshornaoxusplants SDoolmanbuemyasspppp..(5(7),),OAxcahliysrocsoprnreicmuulamtas(c7h)imperi(6),Tragiadoryodes(5),Geraniumaculeolatum(8) 2162 62..59 00..8981 /contebiology
Skininfectionsandexternal Solanumincanum(6),Desmodiumdichotomum(7),Laggeratomentosa(8),Geraniumarabicum(6),Nicotianatabacum(6), 50 12.4 0.88 nt/9and
parasites Premnaschimperi(9),Calpurniaaurea(8) /1E
/3th
Painrelatedillnesses Sennaspp.(4),Tagetesspp.(9),Monsoniaparvifolia(8),Plumbagocaerulea(4),Desmodiumdelotum(3) 28 6.9 0.85 2n
o
m
Malariaandanemialike Carphaleaglaucescens(5),Cissampeolosmucronata(6),Indigoferaarrecta(6),Cissampelosspp.(2),Lantanatrifolia(4),Luecas 40 9.9 0.77 e
d
syndromewithjaundice stachydiformis(2),Premnaoligotricha(5),Droguetiainers(6),Zorniaglochidiata(3),Galinsogaparviflora(3) ic
in
e
Abdominal/stomachdisorders Pycnostachysmeyeri(5),Zorniaapiculata(4),Achyranthesaspera(4),Stereospermumkunthianum(7),Cissampelospariera(6), 97 24.1 0.78 2
0
andinternalparasites Cissampeloscapensis(3),Lagenariasiceraria(3),Momordicacharantia(2),Tagetesminuta(6),Premnaspp.(5),Salviaacuminata 1
3
(4),Echinaceaspp.(2),Pelargoniumalchemilloides(5),Orthosiphonsurmentosus(6),Mucunamelanocarpa(8),Sidaspp.(5), ,
9
Chasmantherawelwitschii(2),Rytigyniaspp.(5),Zornialatifolia(3),Centellaasiatica(3),Ipomoeaeriocarpa(7),Chlaenandra :3
2
ovata(2)
Snakebite/poisoning Alonsoaacutifolia(5),Plumbagopulchella(6),Opericulicaryagummifera(6),Plectranthusglobosus(6),Barthlottia 54 13.4 0.83
madagascariensis(3),Ludwigiaabyssinica(6),Claoxylopsisandapensis(8),Carissacarandas(5),Hyparrheniahirta(4),Verbena
officinalis(5)
MichandMegagna** Doberaspp.(6),Droguetiadebilis(5),Justicadianthera(4) 15 3.7 0.86
Coughinginequinesand Justiciadiffusa(5),Solanumbellum(5),Daturastramonium(4),Vaccariahispanica(6),Ozoroainsignis(6) 26 6.5 0.84
ruminants
Removalofretainedplacenta Solanumacaule(2),Solanumacuminatum(3),Dovyalisspp.(5),Galinsogaquadriradiata(6),Colocasiaesculenta(4),Plumbago 28 6.9 0.78
zeylanica(6),Momordicaspp.(2)
Evileye Drymariaspp.(4),Plectranthusglabriflorus(3),Cissusquadrangularis(4),Cryptocarpusspp.(3),Colignoniaovalifolia(4), 37 9.2 0.72
Achyrospermumafricanum(5),Drymariacordata(3),Plumbagoauriculata(4),Chelonopsismoschata(2),Withaniasomnifera(3),
Plumbagospp.(2)
Blackleg Momordicafoetida(7),Pentassuswaensis(8),Chasmantheradependens(3) 18 4.5 0.88
Rabies Cayluseaabyssinica(3) 3 0.7 1.00
Improvemilkproductionin Indigoferatrita(6) 6 1.4 1.00
cows
*Numbersinparenthesisindicatethenumberofcitationofthatplantbyinformants(traditionalhealersandcommunitymembers)againstaparticularailmentcategory.
**Ailmentcharacterizedwithfever,headacheandsweating.
P
a
g
e
4
o
f
1
5
Tolossaetal.JournalofEthnobiologyandEthnomedicine2013,9:32 Page5of15
http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/9/1/32
against 34ailments (12 inhumans, 11inlivestock and 11 existing studies but also extends them to pastoral areas
in both human and livestock). The 91 plant species that where the ecology, practices, biodiversity, accessibility and
are used by traditional healers among the three ethnic cultural acceptability of medicinal plants are very different
groups interviewed were identified and documented. from the highlands. The aforementioned reports and our
Among the medicinal plants identified most of them be- study taken together capture a wide range of different eth-
longtothesevenfamiliesasshowninFigure2.Theplant nic and social groups, which is a reflection of the richness
family Lamiaceae was most frequently represented of knowledge in use of plants for medicinal purposes, and
amongstthedocumentedusefulspecies,withatotalof12 the significance and cultural acceptability of plant based
species out of the 91 plants identified, followed by medicinal practice in large parts of Ethiopia. At the same
Solanaceaewithatotalof8speciesandMenispermiaceae, time, this indicates that plant diversity and use of plant
andFabaceaewithtotalof7specieseach,andotherscon- based remedies remain decisive for managing human and
stituteoneuptosixplantspeciesperfamily. livestockhealthincountrieslikeEthiopia,asisthecasefor
The informants cited 32 (35.2%), 35 (38.5%) and 24 manyothercountries[7,32-46].
(26.4%) plants as having medicinal properties against ail-
ments of livestock, humans or both livestock and humans, AilmentstreatedandICF
respectively (Table 2). The informants also reported mul- Plantswereclusteredinto12differentgroupsbasedonthe
tipleplantremediesagainstcertainailments,suchassnake usecitationsbytheinformantsandotherendusers(Table1)
bite/poisoning for both humans and livestock. Depending inordertocalculate the ICF.In ourstudy,the ICF values
upon the type of illness, the use of two or more parts of range from 0.72 for evil eye and to 1.00 for rabies. Thus,
medicinalplantswasalsoreportedbysomehealersascom- allclustershadanICFvaluegreaterthan0.5andhenceall
monpractice.Forexample,ofthetotal32medicinalplants of them could be considered for validation of bioactivity
purely claimed for livestock illnesses, eight were used in and isolation and characterization of the active principles
two-plantcombinationpreparations,andthesetargetthree byinterestedandpotentialresearchersineachcluster.
differentailments,i.e.totreatepizooticlymphangitis,remo- Thehighestnumberofplantspecieswerereportedtobe
valoffetalmembrane,andanemiawithjaundice(Table2). usedfortreatmentofabdominal/stomachdisordersandin-
This is the first study that documented plants used for ternal parasites (22 species, 24.2%), followed by evil eye
disease control by the three ethnic groups in South spirit (11 species, 12.1%), malaria and anemia like syn-
Ethiopia. Previous studies have documented indigenous dromewithjaundice,andsnakebite/poisoning(10species,
knowledge of medicinal plants and medicinal plant prac- 10.9% each), skin conditions (skin infections and ecto-
tices used in other parts of the country and by other eth- parasites)andremovalofretainedplacenta(7species,7.7%
nic groups including those in southern Ethiopia [24,25], each),coughinginequinesandruminantsandpainrelated
northernand northwesternEthiopia [8,26-28],and south- illness (5 species, 5.5% each), anthrax (4 species, 4.4%),
western Ethiopia [29-31]. Our study thus complements mich and megagna (an ailment characterized with fever,
Figure2Thepercentageofplantspeciesdistributedoversevenmajorfamilies.
Table2Medicinalplants,withfamily,scientificandlocalname,forselectedailmentsofhumanand/orveterinaryimportance,withpartsusedand hT
preparations,asclaimedbyinformantsofthethreeethnicgroupsfromSouthOmozone,SouthernEthiopia ttpolo
Family Scientificname Localname* Voucher Use(s) Partsusedandpreparation Importance ://wwssae
Amaranthaceae AchyranthesasperaLinn. Busino(M) nKTuGm2b8er Abdominalpainand Rootchoppedandmixedwithwaterandtaken Human w.ethntal.Jou
tonsillitis orally.Leafchewedandtheextractkeptnear obrn
theinflammationarea iomalo
Lamiaceae AchyrospermumafricanumHook.f.ex Kebitbuda(A) KTG54 Evileye Leafandrootchoppedandsoakedwithwater Human edfE
Baker .cth
on
mo
ABrcihqy.)roPseprekrinmsumschimperi(Hochst.ex Abasangamedihanit(A,Amh) KTG65 Anthrax wLeaatfearnadndflodwreenrcchheodppedandsoakedwithhot Veterinary /conbiolo
tegy
Scrophulariaceae AlonsoaacutifoliaRuiz&Pav. Shoshatesha(M) KTG66 Snakebite/poison gRloaontdcuhloospupseindwanadtermaixneddthweithfiltPraletcetrdarnetnhcuhsed HVeutmerainnaarynd nt/9and
/1E
BarthlottiamadagascariensisE.Fisch. Unkown(A) KTG18 Snakebite/poison Concoction Humanand /32thn
Veterinary om
e
Fabaceae Calpurniaaurea(Aiton)Benth. Kaino(M) KTG91 Fleaandlouseinfestation Freshlychoppedordriedandgroundleaf Veterinary dic
mixedwithwaterandappliedtothefleaand in
e
louseinfestedareas 2
0
1
Apocynaceae CarissacarandasL. Goiti(B),ebabmedihanit(Amh) KTG45 Snakebite/poison Theleafchopped,mixedwithwatertakenorally Humanand 3
,
Veterinary 9
:3
2
Rubiaceae Carphaleaglaucescens(Hiern)Verdc Wariamo(M) KTG31 Anaemia(knownasAiro) LeafpowderedmixedwithIpomoeakiwuensis Human
smokedforthreedays
Recedaceae Cayluseaabyssinica(fresen.)Fisch.&Mey Giesilla(M) KTG64 Rabies(effectiveevenwhen Rootchoppedandmixedwithcoldwaterand Humanand
clinicalsignsarepresent) drenched Veterinary
Apiaceae Centellaasiatica-(L.)Urb. Busino(M) KTG87 Abdominalache Rootdried,groundandmixedwithcoldwater Human
whenneeded(oncuporglassfull)
Menispermaceae Chasmantheradependens(Hochst) Moshito(M) KTG33 Blackleg Rootbarkandleafdriedandgroundandgiven Veterinary
toemaciatecalfasmuchaspossible
ChasmantherawelwitschiiTroupin Heilho(M) KTG27 Antiamoeba Rootbarkandleafdriedandgroundandgiven Veterinary
toemaciatecalfasmuchaspossible
Lamiaceae ChelonopsismoschataMiq. Kebitbuda(A) KTG47 Evileye Leafandrootchoppedandsoakedwithwater Human
Menispermaceae Chlaenandraovata.Miq. Eincht(A) KTG73 Abdominalache Rootchoppedandmixedwithwaterand Human
drenched
CissampeloscapensisL.f. Wontinkanna(A) KTG76 Abdominalcramp Rootchopped,powdered,soakedwithwater, Human
filteredanddrenched
CissampelosmucronataA.Rich. Kawuro(M) KTG37 Anaemiawithjaundice Leafcollected,dried,groundandmixedwith Human
hotwaterandtwospoonfultakenatonce
CissampelospareiraL. Shelindo(M) KTG70 Broadspectrumanti- Rootgroundmixedwithlargeamountofwater Veterinary
helminthiasis anddrenched.Itcausesfeverdiarrheathen
animalsarecured Pa
g
e
Cissampelosspp. Kawto(M) KTG32 Anaemialikesyndrome Leafcollected,dried,groundwithlocalmilland Human 6
withjaundice mixedwithhotwaterandtwospoonfultaken o
f
atonce(bitter) 1
5
Table2Medicinalplants,withfamily,scientificandlocalname,forselectedailmentsofhumanand/orveterinaryimportance,withpartsusedand hT
preparations,asclaimedbyinformantsofthethreeethnicgroupsfromSouthOmozone,SouthernEthiopia(Continued) ttpolo
://wssa
Vitaceae CissusquadrangularisL. Bararo(M) KTG20 Evileye Tiedunderbelly Veterinary we
Euphorbiaceae ClaoxylopsisandapensisRadcl.-Sm. Dorba(A) KTG43 Snakebite/poison dBarerkncahneddleafchopped,soakedinwaterand Human w.ethntal.Jou
obrn
Nyctaginaceae ColignoniaovalifoliaHeimerl Afesha(A) KTG41 Evileye Leafsqueezedandinhaled Human iomalo
Araceae Colocasiaesculenta(L.)Schott Haleko(A,M,BT) KTG77 Todetachretainedfetal Rootdried,groundandmixedwithpowdered Veterinary edfE
membrane rootofMomordicaspp.andallsoakedinwarm .cth
on
waterandonecupfuldrenched mo
Nyctaginaceae Cryptocarpusspp. Afeitesha(M) KTG23 Evileye Rootchoppedandmixedwithcold/hotwater Human /conbiolo
tegy
Solanaceae DaturastramoniumL. Onidod(A) KTG05 mCouulegshianngd(dfoornhkoerysse)s, Ldereanfcchheodppveiadnaonsdemixedwithcoldwaterand Veterinary nt/9and
/1E
Papilionaceae Desmodiumdichotomum(Willd.)DC. Muasii(A) KTG07 Epizooticlymphangitis Rootchopped,mixedwithcoldwaterand Veterinary /3th
2n
(tushita) drenchedvianose om
e
DesmodiumdelotumJ.F.Macbr. Notknown(A) KTG42 Eyeillness Leafapexchopped,soakedinwater,appliedto Humanand dic
sickeye Veterinary in
e
2
Salvadoraceae Doberaspp. Mitchmedihanit(A,Am) KTG89 Mitch Leafboiledwithwaterandinhaled Human 0
1
3
Sterculiaceae Dombeyaspp. Bata(A) KTG15 Anthrax TheleafischoppedandmixedwithTragia Humanand ,
9
doryodesandthefiltratetakenorally Veterinary :3
2
Flacortiaceae Dovyalisspp. Mukale(M) KTG85 Todetachretainedplacenta Leafchoppedandmixedwithhotwaterand Veterinary
givenasadlibtum
Urticaceae DroguetiadebilisRendle Megagnamedanit(Amh) KTG52 Megagna Leafapexchoppedandpastedonthepainarea Human
Droguetiainers(Forssk.)Schweinf. Yewobamedihanit(A) KTG61 Malaria LeafchoppedandmixedwithPremna Human
oligotrichaandboiledtogetheroneglassful
drenched
Caryophyllaceae Drymariacordata(L.)Willd.exSchult. Yebudamedihanit(A,Amh) KTG59 Evileyeinanimals Leafandrootchoppedmixedinwaterandthe Humanand
filtrateissprayedonanimalbodyandthe Veterinary
sedimentsaredrenched
Drymariaspp. Unknown(A) KTG17 Evileye Theleafischoppedandmixedwithwaterand Human
thefiltratetakenorally
Asteraceae Echinaceaspp. Unkown KTG53 Diarrhoeaalone Rootchoppedandsoakedinwarmwatertaken Humanand
orally Veterinary
GalinsogaparvifloraCav. Midirberbere,(Amh) KTG14 Anaemiawithjaundice Theflowerischoppedandmixedwith Human
Monosonialongipesandwarmedonandapplied
ofgumofachytooth
GalinsogaquadriradiataCav. Mukala(M) KTG74 Todetachretainedfetal LeafchoppedandmixedwithPlumbango Veterinary
membraneand/orplacenta zeylanicaandthendrenched
Geraniaceae GeraniumaculeolatumOliv. Abasangamedihanit(A,AM) KTG72 Anthrax Leafchoppedandrubbedonwoundedpart Veterinary
P
GeraniumarabicumForssk. Tushita(A) KTG26 Epizooticlymphangitis Rootchoppedandmixedwithchoppedrootof Veterinary ag
e
Laggeratomentosaandonebearbottle
7
drenchedthroughleftnoseofhorse. o
f
1
5
Table2Medicinalplants,withfamily,scientificandlocalname,forselectedailmentsofhumanand/orveterinaryimportance,withpartsusedand hT
preparations,asclaimedbyinformantsofthethreeethnicgroupsfromSouthOmozone,SouthernEthiopia(Continued) ttpolo
://wssa
Poaceae Hyparrheniahirta(L.)Stapf Goitiebab”medihanit(B) KTG46 Snakebite/poison Plantmaterialchoppedandsoakedinhotwater Humanand we
Fabaceae IndigoferaarrectaA.Rich. Wareami(A) KTG80 Anaemiawithjaundice Laenadftdhreiefdiltarantdesdmreonkcehdedtopatients HVeutmerainnary w.ethntal.Jou
obrn
IndigoferatritaL.f. Wusis(A) KTG01 oTofcimowpsrovemilkproduction Rootchopped,mixedwithwateranddrenched Veterinary iomealof
dE
Convolvulaceae IpomoeaeriocarpaR.Br. Choko(M) KTG40 Endoparasite Rootchoppedandmixedwithwater,thenthe Veterinary .cth
on
filtrateisdrenchedandrestsedimentsare mo
pouredonthewoundpart /conbiolo
Acanthaceae JusticadiantheraVell. Mitch(A,Amh) KTG51 Mitch Theleafapexboiledwithwaterandthevapor Human tegy
inhaledand/orthefiltratedrenched nt/9and
JusticiadiffusaWilld. Makaiso(A) KTG04 Forcoughingofequines Leafchoppedandmixedwithcoldwaterand Veterinary /1/3Eth
drenchedvianose 2n
o
m
Cucurbitaceae Lagenariasiceraria(Molina)Standl. Busino(M) KTG35 Diarrhoeaandvomiting Leafchoppedandgroundandthedrenchthe Human e
d
filtrate ic
in
e
Asteraceae LaggeratomentosaSchultzBip. Tushita(A) KTG71 Epizooticlymphangitis Rootchoppedandmixedwithchoppedrootof Veterinary 2
0
Geraniumarabicumandonebearbottle 1
3
drenchedthroughhorsesnose ,
9
:3
Verbenaceae LantanaTrifoliaL. Yewobamedihanit(A) KTG55 Malaria(shiveringtype, Rootchoppedandsoakedwithwaterand Human 2
vivax) mixedwithlocalalcoholicdrink(Areke)
Lamiaceae Leucasstachydiformis(Benth.)Hochst.ex Businae(M) KTG19 Anaemiawithjaundice Leafandbarkchoppedanddrenchthefiltrate Human
Briq. orinhalation
Onagraceae LudwigiaabyssinicaA.Rich. Yechiraebabmedihanit(Amh) KTG44 Snakebite/poison Stemandrootmixedwithotherplantsand Human
appliedorally
Cucurbitaceae MomordicafoetidaSchumach. Chekko(M,B) KTG03 Blackleg Rootchopped,soakedinwaterforhalfaday Veterinary
andafiltrateisdrenched
MomordicacharantiaL. Unknown(A) KTG90 Diarrheaandvomiting Leafandrootgroundwellandmixedwithmilk Human
andtakenorally
Momordicaspp. Kill(M) KTG79 Todetachfetalmembrane Rootdried,groundandmixedwithColocasia Veterinary
esculenta,allsoakedinwarmwaterandone
cupfulfiltratedrenched
Geraniaceae MonsoniaparvifoliaSchinz Notknown(A) KTG58 Toothache Seedandleafcrushedandmixedwithsaltand Human
Galinsogaparvifolia;madehotonfirewith
“ensetleaf”andappliedongum.
Papilionaceae MucunamelanocarpaHochst Salabano(M) KTG86 ForcalfAscariasis Leafgroundandmixedwithwaterand Veterinary
drenchedthatinducesdiarrhea
Solanaceae NicotianatabacumL. Bangiso(M) KTG78 Tickinfestation Rootchoppedandmixedwithwaterand Veterinary
dressedtothetickinfestedareaoncowand
calf P
a
g
Anacardiaceae Operculicaryagummifera(Sprague) Dorba(M) KTG38 Snakebite/poison Orallytakenbuttitspreparationisnotspecified Humanand e
8
Capuron duetounwillingnessoftherespondent Veterinary o
f
1
5
Table2Medicinalplants,withfamily,scientificandlocalname,forselectedailmentsofhumanand/orveterinaryimportance,withpartsusedand hT
preparations,asclaimedbyinformantsofthethreeethnicgroupsfromSouthOmozone,SouthernEthiopia(Continued) ttpolo
://wssa
Lamiaceae OrthosiphonsarmentosusA.J.Paton& Zititu(A) KTG67 Ascariasis Leafchopped,soakedinwaterandaglassfull Human we
Oxalidaceae OHexadlgisecorniculataL. Dani(M) KTG02 Toxic fRilotroattechdorupnpkeedn,cookedfortwodaysandmore Humanand w.ethntal.Jou
andthepasterubbedonarrowtiptohuntwild veterinary obrn
animals iomalo
ef
Anacardiaceae OzoroainsignisDelile Bussa(M) KTG39 Forcoughingofequines Barkdried,powderedandmixedwithcold Veterinary d.cEth
waterandthefiltratedrenched on
mo
Geraniaceae Pelargoniumalchemilloides(L.)Aiton Unkown KTG13 Constipation oRoraolltychoppedandsoakedinwarmwatertaken Human /contebiology
Rubiaceae PentassuswaensisVerdc. Haromato(M) KTG63 Abagorba“Blackleg” Leafchoppedandmixedwithboiledwaterand Veterinary nt/9and
thefiltrateisdrenched /1E
/3th
Lamiaceae PlectranthusglabriflorusP.I.Forst. Gullo/Karika(A) KTG09 Evileye Leafsoakedinhotwateranddrunken Human 2n
o
m
PlectranthusglobosusRyding Chambuase(M) KTG60 Snakebite/poison LeafchoppedmixedwithAlectrasessiliflora Human e
d
mixedincoldwaterandtakenorally ic
in
e
Plumbaginaceae PlumbagoauriculataLam. Masilok(M) KTG81 Foranimalevilspirit Leafchoppedandsoakedinwaterandthe Humanand 2
0
filtrateddrenchedandtheremainingsediments Veterinary 1
3
pastedonthebody ,
9
:3
PlumbagocaeruleaKunth Wugatmedihanit(Amh) KTG68 Backandsidepain Rootandseedarechoppedandmixedwithhot Human 2
waterandonion
PlumbagopulchellaBoiss. Notknown(A) KTG12 Snakebite/poison Freshleafchoppedandmixedwithcoldwater Humanand
Veterinary
Plumbagospp. Misirich(M) KTG49 Evileyeinanimals Leafchoppedandsoakedinwaterandthe Veterinary
filtrateddrenchedandtheremainingsediments
pastedonthebody
PlumbagozeylanicaL. Telba(M) KTG75 Todetachretainedfetal Seedgroundbytraditionalmortarmixedwith Veterinary
membrane GalinsogaParvifloraandboiledwithwaterand
drenched
Lamiaceae PremnaoligotrichaBaker Yewobamedihanit(A) KTG34 Malaria(non-shiveringtype, Leafcollectedandgroundandmixedwith Human
falciparium) water
PremnaschimperiEngl. Bangizo(M) KTG21 Dermatophilousandmite Rootchoppedandsoakedinwarmwaterover Veterinary
infestation nightandfiltrateappliedtopicallytotreat
dermatophytesandtickmiteinfestations
Premnaspp. Anchiphi(M) KTG57 Diarrheaincalf Leafpowderedandmixedwithwaterandthe Veterinary
filtratedrenched
PycnostachysmeyeriGürkeexEngl. Unkown(A) KTG83 Abdominalpain(children) Freshrootchoppedandmixedwithcoldwater Human
anddrenched
Rubiaceae Rytigyniaspp. Golodo(M) KTG30 Typhoid(Micho) Leafchoppedandmixedwithwaterandtaken Human
orally P
a
g
Lamiaceae SalviaacuminataRuiz&Pav. Anchino(M) KTG48 Diarrhoeaalone Chewingtheleaf Human e
9
o
f
1
5
Table2Medicinalplants,withfamily,scientificandlocalname,forselectedailmentsofhumanand/orveterinaryimportance,withpartsusedand hT
preparations,asclaimedbyinformantsofthethreeethnicgroupsfromSouthOmozone,SouthernEthiopia(Continued) ttpolo
://wssa
Fabaceae Sennaspp. Diko(M) KTG84 Jointacheandbreakageof Leafrubbedonaffectedpartsandsomeleaf Humanand we
bones cdhreonpcpheeddandsoakedinwarmwaterand Veterinary w.ethntal.Jou
Malvaceae Sidaspp. Moishita(M) KTG25 Anti-parasitic/tofattencalf Leafchoppedandsoakedinwaterandthe Veterinary obrn
filtrateisdrenchedrepeatedly iomalo
ef
Solanaceae SolanumbellumS.Knapp Ondod(M) KTG22 Coughingofequines(Busa) Rootchoppedandmixedwithcoldwaterand Veterinary d.cEth
thefiltratedrenchedeitherbynoseormouth on
mo
SolanumacauleBitter Mushta(A) KTG62 Removesretainedplacenta tRhoeotfilctrhaoteppisedapapnlidedmnixaesdallwyithcoldwaterand Veterinary /contebiology
SolanumacuminatumRuiz&Pav. raki(A) KTG82 Todetachretainedplacenta Rootchopped,mixedwithcoldwaterand Humanand nt/9and
drenchedorally Veterinary /1E
/3th
SolanumincanumL. Garint(A) KTG06 Epizooticlymphangitis Rootchoppedandmixedwithcoldwaterand Veterinary 2n
o
(tushita) drenchedvianose m
e
d
Solanumspp. Danni(M) KTG50 Poisonoustoanimals Rootchoppedandconcoctionwithwateruntil Humanand ic
in
pasteisformed,rubbedonarrowtip&usedfor Veterinary e
hunting 20
1
3
Bignoniaceae StereospermumkunthianumCham. Addi(M) KTG29 Abdominalpain Rootchoppedandmixedwithwater/coffeeand Human ,
9
takeninadlibitum :3
2
Asteraceae Tagetesspp. Businae(A) KTG88 Musclecrampandjoint Leafrubbedwellandoilsfromtheleafare Human
pain swabbedonareaswherepainfelt.Fumigationis
alsopossible.Boiledfiltrateisdrenched
TagetesminutaL. Kawato(M) KTG36 Diarrheaandvomiting Leafchoppedandgroundandthedrenchthe Human
filtrate
Euphorbiaceae TragiadoryodesM.G.Gilbert Anderta(A) KTG16 Anthrax TheleafischoppedandmixedwithDombya Veterinary
spp.andthefiltratetakenorally
Caryophyllaceae Vaccariahispanica(Mill.)Rauschert Sanbatesha(M) KTG69 Forcontagiousbovine Rootchoppedandmixedwithlargeamountof Veterinary
pleuropneumoniaand water.Itgetsbloodycolor(thebloodycolor
contagiouscaprine indicatesappropriateconcentration),then
pleuropneumonia drenched
Verbenaceae VerbenaofficinalisL. Gunitesha(A) KTG56 Snakebite/poison Leafsqueezedbyhandandmixedwithwater Humanand
anddrenchedbywater Veterinary
Solanaceae Withaniasomnifera(L.)Dunal Buto/wogare(M) KTG24 Nightmare Rootspowderedandchildrensmokeduntilthey Human
cough
Fabaceae ZorniaapiculataMilne-Redh. Medhanit(A) KTG10 Abdomenacheand Freshrootchoppedandmixedwithcoldwater Human
vomitinginchildren anddrenched
ZorniaglochidiataDC. Halimi(A) KTG11 Malaria Rootbarkischoppedandboiled/concoction Human
withlocaldrinksandboiledcoffeeleaf
P
ZornialatifoliaSm. Medihanit(A) KTG08 Abdominalpain,vomiting Freshleafchoppedandmixedtoformfiltrate Human a
g
e
*A=Aari;M=Maale;B=Benigna;Amh=Amharic. 1
0
o
f
1
5