Table Of ContentENGLISH COLONIES
IN AMERICA
THE MIDDLE C0L0NIE8
ENGLISH COLONIES
IN AMERICA
By J. A. DOYLE, MA.
FELLOWOKALLSOULS* COLLEGE,OXFORD
8vo. $3.50pervolume
VOL. /.-VIRGINIA, MARYLAND,
AND THE CAROLINAS.
VOL. II.-THE PURITAN COLO-
NIES, VOL. I.
VOL. Ill-THE PURITAN COLO-
NIES, VOL. II.
VOL. IV.-THE MIDDLE COLO-
NIES.
VOL. V.—THE COLONIES UNDER
THEHOUSE OFHANOVER.
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
Publishers NcwYork
ENGLISH COLONIES
AMERICA
IN
VOLUME IV.
THE MIDDLE COLONIES
NEW YORK
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
1907
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COPYRIOHT, igoy,
BY
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
PublishedJanuary,/907
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PREFACE.
This volume is the fourth of the series, three of which
appeared some time ago, under the title of "English Colonies
in America."1 It brings the history of the Middle Colonies
down to the point where I left that of the Northern and
Southern, Le. the accession of the House of Hanover.
Afifthvolume,"TheColoniesundertheHouseofHanover,"
which is published at the same time as this, deals collectively
with the whole body of colonies from that date down to the
beginning of those disputes which ended in separation from the
Mother Country.
JON. A. DOYLE.
All Souls' College, Oxfoed:
October 1906.
• Virginia,Maryland,andtheCarolinas,i88j; ThePuritanColonies,2vol*.
8 82 9 6
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
r
FOUN.DATI.ON O.F NE.W N.ETHE.RLAND.S. .
......
ljuicu as colonists ........ r1
inc cany uuicn voyagers 3
xienry iiuchon ...... 5
T±1h1I<1I»VC LN11/oUVrIIUtlIhlIlpx-r1l11n11lClXl^nvVmIIHn1^UaUUIn3IvJUII 1MVC1 • • • . . 7
Trpatv at Tawasentha 8
The Dutch Wes.tInd•ia C•omoa«nv ..... o
Cnlonialnmtrre^ofthpComnanv Tf
TAl1M1iCnpfiilLtlrrW\WnIfIicJ \1
Small nronnetors ...... \A
Tllnlpv.rlrv-ai^ipov.vr»Jfl^/nlnJJn^nUIlialltlivJnlnl 1D
P1rW»o«l;liltWilnnl nUlf tllhifv*. fVJivnVvtlemor.......
P1pVtHp.r1 \.»f!iInLIuUiItL • • • .. .* .• .*.a 16
«vwilier v«iii inuiii 16
Van Twiller and De Vries 17
Encroachments from New England 17
William Kieft 18
The Twelve and the Indian Wa.r ....., 10
The Twelve and Kief.t ...... 20
Troubles with the Indians 21
Attacks on Kieft ....... 22
The Council of Eight 22
EndoftheIndianwar 2%
lWant ofconstitutional machinery 2S
Reportofthe"Rekcnkammer" 25
Peter Stuyvesant ....... . 26
*Representative government introduced . 27
Municipal institutions 28
New Amsterdam becomes.a ci.ty ... ... 10
Action of the town counci.l ....... 31
Stuyvesant's reform....... 33
Conferenceofdelegates . XL
Secondconference • 35
Yii
CONTENTS.
PAGE
English influence ^6
Thegreaterburghership 22
Inefficiencyofthe Company 32
Increase of population ....... 41
Religiousconditionofthecolony 41
Independent congregations 42
Quakers in New Netherlands 44
Education ^
, , .
Industrial life
Dealings with Indians 50
Outbreakofwar, 1655 ^
Troubles with Indians in.1658....... 52
Dealings with the Five Nations 53
WThe Swedish colony 54
illiam Usselinx ^
Usselinxand Gustavus Adolphus 56
The Swedes at Swancndacl ^2
FormationofaSwedishCompany 58
The Swedes on the Schuylkill 58
Growth of the Swedish colony
....
Hostility between Dutch and Swedes
Policy of Stuyvesant towards the Swedes 63
Further efforts by Sweden ... 64
Overthrow ofthe Swedish colony by Stuyvesant 66
Foundation ofNew Amstel 20
DifficultiesbesettingNewAmstel 7x1
Proposedmigration from New Havpn 72
The Mennonites
Outward appearance of New Amsterdam • • . J2S3
Education in New Netherlands 76
CHAPTER
IT.
THEENGLISH CONQUEST.....
New Netherlands gradually Anglicized . .... 78
Treatyof Hartford 22
English settlers in New Netherlands . 29.
Stuyvesant favors the English....... 82
Disputesbetween Dutchand English .... 82
English territorial claims 84
DisputesbetweentheDutchandMaryland .... 85
Changed policy.of E.ngla.nd ... 87
DisputesbetweentheDutchand Connecticut ... 87
John Scott . 89,
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CONTENTS. ix
..... PACE
Carteret and Berkeley oo
Calumnies against New Nether.land.s ..... 91
Duke of York'spatent ...... 92
Moral aspectoftheconquest .... 03
Grant to Carteret and Berkeley 04
ArrangementsforenforcingtheDuke'sclaim 04
Richard Nicolls ....... 95
Defenseless condition of New Netherlands . . . .97
Nicolls opens negotiations ....... 99
CCoonnvqeunetsitonataNteGwraAvmessteendrdam . . .... ... .. 1i0m2
Submission of therestofthecolony 104
Carron thf Ddiware ........ 106
Nicolls's policy 107
System of legislation 107
Convention at Heemstede 108
Influence of New England no
The Duke's laws . . . . . . . . . ill
Ecclesiastical system 112
Penal system . . . . . . . . . .113
Nicolls's treatment ofthe Dutch 114
Affairs at Albany H4
TADTNNlerhoetaeeweladritFienyYsrdgaoesofrnfrfkceewhclBitatrtitoaehoindnobdanetsahtaemhoeofcFnhiI.gtenvhcdeektihaNeEon.annstDgiluNoitensc...swhhcEon.l....golnaien.sd... to.F.....ra.nce..... .............1111n111111o86897
TEfhfeectNeofwtJheersgeryanctontcoeCsasritoenrset.and.Berke.ley.. .. .... 1122.6S
Settlement of New Jersey 126
Career and character of Nicolls 128
CHAPTER
TIT.
THEDUTCH RECQNQUEST.
Francis Lovelace ...... 130
DisaffectiononLongIsland 130
General policy ofthe Proprietor 133
Affairsof New Jersey .. .. .. .. .. .. ....133
InsurrectionontheDelaware .... .. .. ....134
AttackfromMaryland 135
Outbreak of war with Holland 136
Dutch fleet threatensNew York 137
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X CONTENTS.
PAGE
Capture of New York . . 138
ActionoftheDutchcommander* .... HQ
The colony under Colve . . . . 140
Disaffection among the English inhabitants 141
Motives of the Dutch for retaining the colony . . . 143
Final cession of the colony by the Dutch . 144
CHAPTER IV.
NEW YORK UNPER ANPRQS AND DOXGAN.
......
Altered position of New York....... 145
Positionof Carteretand Berkeley 146
Fresh granttoCarteret . 147
Andros appointed Governor ....... 148
He reaches New York ....... 148
NegotiationswithColve . ..... 14Q
Court martial on Manning 150
Demand forrepresentativeinstitutions 150
DealingsofAndroswith NewEngland .... 152
Ecclesiastical matter* ........ 154
GrievancesofthecolonistsagainstA.ndro.s .... 156
Disputeabout customs .... 152
Furtherdemand forrepresentat.ion ...... 158
Probable influence of Penn withthr Duke I5Q
DonganbecomesGovernor ....... i£ta
His instructions ....... L&i
First Assembly summoned 162
CompositionoftheAssembly 163
The Charter of Liberties" .... 163
Revenue Act ..... 164
Growth of English feeling and influence 165
Proposed incorporation of New.Yo.rk ..... 166
Disputes with New Jersey 166
Disputes with Connecticut .... i£6
TheProprietorbecomesKing 168
Incorporation of New York and A.lban.y .... 168
Fresh land patents ...... 160,
Representative system annulled 170
JamesII.'spolicyofconsolidation ...... 171
Dongan's anti-Canadian p.olicy....... 171
The French and the Five Nations 17a
Policy of Frontenac 173
French missions among the Five Nations . . . 175
FrontenacreplacedbyDelaBarre 126
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CONTENTS. xi
PAGE
Dongan's dealings with the French and the Indians . . 176
Policy of the Iroquois 178
Ik-nonville succeeds Dc la Barre 170
Treaty of Whitehall ....... iSa
Policy of Dongan ifil
Heis supportedbythe King 183
James II.'s projects of colonial union 183
CHAPTER V.
THE REVOLUTION IX NEW YORK.
......
Constitution ofthenew provinc.e ...... 187
Andros appointed Governor . 187
French scheme of invasion .... 189
Mohawks invade Canada ...... 180,
News of theRevolution reaches New York 190
Nicholson's dispute with Leisler IQI
Disaffectionon LongIsland ....... IQ2
Malcontents seize the fort ..... 102
Progress of the Revolution 193
TAhsseumNpetwionYoorfkauctohnovreitnytiboynLeisler . 1I0Q54
Anti-Papal panic .... 196
Flectionsheld underLeisler .... 108
Position of Albany . ..... 108
The Albany convention . .... iqq
Preparations against French invasion 2QQ
Albany makes itself independent of Leisler 200
Furtherencroachmentsby Leisler ...... 202
Proceedingsofthe HomeGovernment 202
Leisler usurps thegovernorship ...... 203
Ananti-Leislerite party 203
Dealings with the Five Nations 206
French jchefflC »f invasion 206
Destruction of Schenectad.y ....... 207
Violent conduct ofLeisler 208
He calls an Assembly 200
Proposes a colonial convention 210
Failure of the campaign 210
John Schuyler's raid 211
The Assembly meet ..... 211
Decline of Leisler's influence 212.
Apathy of the English Government 212
Col. Sloughter appointed Governor 2IJ
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