ECONOMICS OF SPORT FISHING IN ALASKA

264 Pages·2012·1.95 MB·English

by  Christopher Start

E S F
CONOMICS OF PORT ISHING
A
IN LASKA

PREPARED BY
SHARMAN HALEY, MATTHEW BERMAN, SCOTT GOLDSMITH,
ALEXANDRA HILL, AND HONGJIN KIM

PREPARED FOR
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME

December 1999

Institute of Social and Economic Research
University of Alaska Anchorage
3211 Providence Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary
Methods of Analysis..................................................................................................S-1
Profile of Sport Anglers.............................................................................................S-4
Economic Significance of Sport Fishing...................................................................S-8
Net Economic Value................................................................................................S-11
Data and Model Reliability......................................................................................S-12

Charter 1. Purpose and Scope of Study
Purpose.......................................................................................................................1-1
Methods of Analysis..................................................................................................1-1
Value and Limits of Analysis....................................................................................1-1
Report Organization...................................................................................................1-2
Charter 2. Data Sources and Methods
Estimating the Economics of Sport Fishing...............................................................2-1
Surveys of Anglers and Businesses...........................................................................2-2
Statewide Sport Angler Survey............................................................................2-3
Non-Resident Angler Survey...............................................................................2-7
Guide and Charter Survey....................................................................................2-7
Net Economic Value................................................................................................2-10
Constructing Travel Cost Models......................................................................2-10
Estimating Net Economic Value........................................................................2-11
Economic Significance............................................................................................2-13
Alaska Input-Output Model...............................................................................2-13
Charter 3. Survey Findings
Alaska Resident Anglers............................................................................................3-1
Household Profile................................................................................................3-1
Summer Fishing Trips..........................................................................................3-5
Preferences of Resident Anglers........................................................................3-12
Nonresident Anglers................................................................................................3-14
Angler Profile.....................................................................................................3-14
Fishing Trips by Visiting Anglers......................................................................3-17
Preferences of Visiting Anglers.........................................................................3-20
Winter Fishing by Alaskans.....................................................................................3-22
Guide and Charter Operators...................................................................................3-28
Charter 4. Economic Significance of Sport Fishing in Alaska
Summary of Statewide Economic Significance.........................................................4-1
Methodology..............................................................................................................4-1
Total and Regional Expenditures and Economic Significance..................................4-2
Resident Sport Fishing Expenditures.........................................................................4-7
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Nonresident Sport Fishing Expenditures.................................................................4-16
Guide and Charter Expenditures..............................................................................4-23
Average Expenditures..............................................................................................4-27
Economic Significance of Sport Fishing Sites........................................................4-30
Distinguishing Significance Analysis from Impact Analysis............................4-30
Allocating and Measuring Expenditures............................................................4-31
Estimates of Economic Significance by Site...........................................................4-32
Estimates of Economic Significance of Species and Selected Fisheries for
Resident Sport Fishing.............................................................................................4-39
Comparison with Earlier Studies.............................................................................4-42
1991 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Survey.....................................................4-42
1988 Jones and Stokes Study of Sport Fishing in Southeast Alaska.................4-42
1986 Jones and Stokes Study of Sport Fishing in Southcentral Alaska............4-43
Charter 5. The Net Economic Value
of Sport Fishing In Alaska
Interpreting Travel Cost Model Estimates.................................................................5-1
Total Estimated Value of Sport Fishing.....................................................................5-5
Estimates of Net Value by Site..................................................................................5-6
Estimates of Net Value by Species..........................................................................5-10
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LIST OF MAPS, TABLES AND FIGURES
Executive Summary
Table 1. ISER Sport Angler and Guide Surveys, 1993-1994....................................S-2
Table 2. Number of Alaska Households with Anglers, by Survey Region, 1993.....S-2
Figure 1. Measuring the Economics of Sport Fishing..............................................S-3
Table 3. Importance of Hunting and Fishing in Why Alaskan Anglers
Live in Communities...................................................................................S-4
Figure 2. Profile of 1993 Summer Sport Fishing Among Alaskans.........................S-5
Figure 3. Profile of 1993 Winter Sport Fishing Among Alaskans............................S-6
Figure 4. Profile of 1993 Visiting Sport Anglers......................................................S-7
Figure 6. Economic Significance of Sport Fishing in Alaska, 1993.........................S-9
Figure 7. Regional Spending by Sport Anglers, 1993............................................S-10
Figure 9. Total and Net Economic Value of Sport Fishing in Alaska, 1993..........S-11
Figure 5. Most and Least Important Reasons Why Anglers Choose Sites...............S-8
Chapter 2. Data Sources and Methods
Figure 2-1. Measuring the Economics of Sport Fishing...........................................2-2
Table 2-1. ISER Sport Angler and Guide Surveys, 1993-1994................................2-3
Table 2-2. Weights for Resident Angling Households.............................................2-5
Table 2-3. Weights for Resident Angler Trips..........................................................2-6
Table 2-4. Weights for Nonresident Angling Households........................................2-7
Table 2-5. Estimating the Number of Businesses Providing Guide and
Charter Services in Alaska in 1993..........................................................2-8
Table 2-6. Weights for the Guide and Charter Survey..............................................2-9
Figure 2-2. Marginal Benefit, Marginal Cost, and Net Economic Value...............2-12
Chapter 3. Survey Findings
Table 3-1. Number of Alaska Households with Anglers, by Survey Region...........3-1
Table 3-2. Alaska Households with Anglers, by Size...............................................3-2
Table 3-3. Composition of Alaska Households with Anglers...................................3-2
Table 3-4. 1993 Income of Alaska Households with Anglers..................................3-3
Table 3-5. Years Households with Anglers Have Lived in Alaska..........................3-3
Table 3-6. Years in Current Community of Alaska Households with Anglers.........3-3
Table 3-7. Skill of the Most Experienced Angler in Resident Households..............3-4
Table 3-8. Resident Anglers’ Knowledge about Where to Fish...............................3-4
Table 3-9. Importance of Hunting and Fishing in Why Alaskan Anglers
Live in Communities................................................................................3-4
Table 3-10. Importance of Hunting and Fishing in Alaskan Anglers’ Decisions
About Moving to Current Communities...............................................3-4
Table 3-11. Summer 1993 Alaska Resident Fishing Trips, by Survey
Region and Month.................................................................................3-6
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Table 3-12. Mean Number of Summer Fishing Trips, per Resident
Angling Households, by Region...........................................................3-6
Table 3-13. Number and Percentage of Resident Summer Trips
Identifying a Target Species, by Species and Month............................3-7
Table 3-14. Locations of Resident Angler Summer Trips,.......................................3-8
Table 3-15. Most Popular Sites for Resident Summer Sport Fishing, 1993.............3-9
Table 3-16. Resident Travel Time to Fishing Sites.................................................3-10
Table 3-17. Is Travel Time a Benefit or Cost?........................................................3-10
Table 3-18. Residents’ Mode of Travel to Fishing Site..........................................3-11
Table 3-19. Length of Resident Fishing Trips........................................................3-11
Table 3-20. Residents’ Use of Charter Services.....................................................3-12
Table 3-21. Why Resident Anglers Fish.................................................................3-13
Table 3-22. Sources of Resident Fishing Information............................................3-13
Table 3-23. Why Alaskan Anglers Choose Fishing Locations...............................3-13
Table 3-24. Residence of Visiting Anglers.............................................................3-15
Table 3-25. When Do Anglers Visit Alaska?..........................................................3-15
Table 3-26. How Long Do Visiting Anglers Stay in Alaska..................................3-16
Table 3-27. Percentage of Visiting Households That Extended
Their Trips for Fishing........................................................................3-16
Table 3-28. Number of Households Members Visiting Alaska..............................3-16
Table 3-29. 1993 Household Income of Visiting Anglers......................................3-17
Table 3-30. Fishing Skill of Visiting Anglers.........................................................3-17
Table 3-31. Where Do Visiting Anglers Fish?........................................................3-18
Table 3-32. Most Popular Fishing Sites for Visiting Anglers.................................3-19
Table 3-33. Target Species for Visiting Anglers.....................................................3-20
Table 3-34. 1993 Catch of Visiting Anglers...........................................................3-20
Table 3-35. Why Visiting Anglers Fish..................................................................3-21
Table 3-36. How Visiting Anglers Choose Fishing Locations...............................3-21
Table 3-37. How Visitors Learn About Fishing Locations.....................................3-21
Table 3-38. How Many Household Members Went on Winter Trips?...................3-22
Table 3-39. Was the Reason for the Winter Trip Just Fishing?..............................3-23
Table 3-40. Share of Winter Anglers Who Could Have Worked for Pay...............3-23
Table 3-41. Travel Time to Winter Fishing Site.....................................................3-23
Table 3-42. Driving Distance to Winter Fishing Site..............................................3-23
Table 3-43. Was Travel Time a Benefit or a Cost of Winter Fishing?...................3-24
Table 3-44. Time Spent Fishing on Winter Trips...................................................3-24
Table 3-45. Length of Winter Fishing Trips...........................................................3-24
Table 3-46. Alaskans Winter Fishing Trips by Area..............................................3-25
Table 3-47. Number of Winter Fishing Trips by Site and Region..........................3-26
Table 3-48. Species Targeted on Winter Fishing Trips..........................................3-28
Table 3-49. Guide and Charter Services Provided in Alaska, 1993........................3-28
Table 3-50. 1993 guide and Charter Revenues, by Service....................................3-29
Table 3-51. Where Charter Business Operate in Alaska.........................................3-29
Table 3-52. 1993 Guide and Charter Payroll by Region of Payment.....................3-30
Table 3-53. Employees of Guide and Charter Businesses, by Residence...............3-30
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Chapter 4. Economic Significance of Sport Fishing in Alaska
Map 4-1. Regions for Economic Analysis................................................................4-3
Table 4-1. Total 1993 Sport Fishing Expenditures...................................................4-4
Table 4-2. Summary of Economic Significance of Sport Fishing............................4-6
Table 4-3. Resident 1993 Sport Fishing Expenditures..............................................4-8
Table 4-4. Resident Ownership of Equipment Used in Sport Fishing, 1993..........4-11
Table 4-5. Resident Sport Fishing Expenditures by Industry, 1993.......................4-13
Table 4-6. Economic Significance of Resident Sport Fishing, by Industry 1993...4-14
Table 4-7. Summary of Economic Significance of Resident Sport Fishing...........4-15
Table 4-8. Total Non-Resident Sport Fishing Expenditures 1993..........................4-17
Table 4-9. Nonresident Sport Fishing Expenditures by Industry, 1993..................4-20
Table 4-10. Economic Significance of Nonresident Sport Fishing, by Industry....4-21
Table 4-11. Summary of Economic Significance of Nonresident Sport Fishing....4-22
Table 4-12. Guide and Charter Activity..................................................................4-24
Table 4-13. Economic Significance of Sport Fishing Guides and Charters,
by Industry..........................................................................................4-25
Table 4-14. Summary of Economic Significance of Sport Fish Guides
and Charters........................................................................................4-26
Table 4-15. Average Sport Angler Expenditures 1993...........................................4-28
Table 4-16. 1993 Summer Trip-Specific Expenditures by Residents by
Fishing Zone and 20 Largest Sites......................................................4-34
Table 4-17. Economic Significance of Resident Trip-Specific Expenditures
Summer 1993, by Fishing Zone and 20 Largest Sites........................4-35
Table 4-18. Nonresident 1993 Trip-Specific Expenditures by Fishing Zone
and 20 Largest Sites............................................................................4-36
Table 4-19. Economic Significance of 1993 Nonresident Trip-Specific
Expenditures by Fishing Zone and 20 Largest Sites...........................4-37
Table 4-20. Summary of 1993 Trip-Specific Expenditures and
Economic Significance.......................................................................4-38
Table 4-21. Incremental Significance of Resident Sport Fishing, By Species
and Selected Fisheries.........................................................................4-41
Chapter 5. The Net Economic Value of Sport Fishing in Alaska
Map 5-1. Alaska Sport Fishing Management Areas.................................................5-4
Figure 5-1. Economic Value of Sport Fishing..........................................................5-5
Table 5-1. Trips and Net Economic Value, by Region and Site, Summer
1993 Resident Trips.................................................................................5-7
Table 5-2. Trips and Net Economic Value, by Angler Group and Site,
1993 Nonresident Trips............................................................................5-8
Table 5-3. Top 20 Resident Sites by Net Economic Value.......................................5-9
Table 5-4. Top 20 Nonresident Sites by Net Economic Value.................................5-9
Table 5-5. Net Economic Value, by Species and Selected Fisheries......................5-10
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APPENDIXES
Appendix A. Description of Surveys and Survey Questionnaires
Description of Surveys
Survey Questionnaires
Appendix B. Modeling Economic Significance and Economic impact
Sport Fishing Expenditures........................................................................................B-1
Commodity-Industry Matrix......................................................................................B-9
Input Output Model..................................................................................................B-13
Appendix C. Estimating the Travel Cost Equations
Overview of this Application.....................................................................................C-1
Contrast with Other Studies.......................................................................................C-4
Model Assumptions and Limits.................................................................................C-5
Data Collection and Construction of Variables.........................................................C-5
Resident Models.........................................................................................................C-8
Nonresident Models.................................................................................................C-35
Appendix D. Building the Travel Cost Model
Model Types.............................................................................................................D-1
Data Sources.............................................................................................................D-2
Kodiak Resident Anglers..........................................................................................D-3
Southcentral Model...................................................................................................D-4
Interior Model...........................................................................................................D-6
Southeast Model........................................................................................................D-8
Nonresident Destinations Anglers..........................................................................D-10
Southeast Incidental Anglers..................................................................................D-12
Southcentral Incidental Anglers..............................................................................D-14
Estimating Net Economic Value.............................................................................D-16
Modeling Fishery Values........................................................................................D-16
Appendix E. Descriptive Statistics for Survey Variables
Appendix F. Detailed Tables: Economic Significance of Sport Fishing
in Alaska
Part A: Total Residents + Nonresidents
Part B: Residents
Part C: Nonresidents
Part D: Residents: Summer Trip Related
Part E: Residents: Winter Trip Related
Part F: Residents: Non-Trip Related
Part G: Guide and Charter and Package: Total
Part H: Guide and Charter and Package: Non-Resident
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Appendix G. Data Reliability and Model Resolution
Introduction.....................................................................................................................G-1
Survey Data.....................................................................................................................G-1
Non-Survey Data..........................................................................................................G-11
Model Resolution..........................................................................................................G-12
Conclusions...................................................................................................................G-16
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E S :
XECUTIVE UMMARY
E S F
CONOMICS OF PORT ISHING
A
IN LASKA
P B
REPARED Y
S H , M B , S G ,
HARMAN ALEY ATTHEW ERMAN COTT OLDSMITH
A H , H K
LEXANDRA ILL AND ONGJIN IM
P F
REPARED OR
A D F G
LASKA EPARTMENT OF ISHAND AME
December 1999
Institute of Social and Economic Research
University of Alaska Anchorage
3211 Providence Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
This executive summary is based on the full report, Economics of Sport Fishing. That report is 450 pages
and is available from ISER for a $25.00 copying fee, plus postage if ordered by mail. For information,
call ISER at 907-786-7710 or e-mail us at [email protected].
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