Drug abuse and addiction in medical illness : causes, consequences and treatment

569 Pages·2012·8.23 MB·English

by  Joris C. Verster & Kathleen Brady & Marc Galanter & Patricia Conrod

Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness

Joris C. Verster (cid:129) Kathleen Brady
Marc Galanter (cid:129) Patricia Conrod
Editors
Drug Abuse and Addiction
in Medical Illness
Causes, Consequences and Treatment
Editors
Joris C. Verster Kathleen Brady
Division of Pharmacology Department of Psychiatry
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Medical University of South Carolina
Utrecht University Charleston, SC, USA
Utrecht, The Netherlands
Patricia Conrod
Marc Galanter National Addiction Centre
Division of Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Institute of Psychiatry
School of Medicine King’s College London
New York University London, UK
New York, NY, USA
ISBN 978-1-4614-3374-3 ISBN 978-1-4614-3375-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3375-0
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012940199
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction
on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic
adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted
from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied
specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser
of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright
Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.
Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to
prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither
the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may
be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Drug abuse and addiction are common in clinical practice. Often they interfere with patient
treatment or require an alternative approach. The volume D rug Abuse and Addiction in Medical
Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment discusses the causes and consequences of drug
abuse and addiction in a systematic manner. We believe this volume is a gold standard book
including current and cutting-edge information for all those working with drug abusing or
addicted patients or for those interested in this topic from other research perspectives. The
volume is a fi rst of its kind book, rich yet comprehensive and focused (speci fi cally to the des-
ignated area), and addresses the needs of the very active theoretical, basic, and clinical research
in the fi eld.
Leading experts in the fi eld of addiction throughout the world have contributed to D rug
Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment . This means
the volume covers virtually every core, as well as contemporary, topic in the subject area, from
the established theories to the most modern research and development in the fi eld of drug
abuse and addiction.
In brief, D rug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and
Treatment contains 46 chapters covering drugs of abuse and how they play a role in a wide
range of medical illnesses. The volume starts with eight general chapters covering basic con-
cepts of addiction research, research techniques, and major fi ndings. Section II of the book is
followed by 11 chapters discussing a variety of drugs of abuse, including cannabis, inhalants,
alcohol, and cocaine. Section III discusses how, for some diseases, drug abuse will cause or
enhance the progress of that disease/disorder, while other diseases may result in or enhance
drug abuse. The chapters in Section III thus deal with this crucial, bidirectional relationship.
Section IV of the book consists of ten chapters discussing current topics in addiction research
such as the effects of drugs of abuse on traf fi c safety, prevention, and legal aspects of drug
abuse. To aid educational usefulness of the volume as a text book, every chapter includes an
abstract, and two boxes summarizing learning objectives and directions for future research.
The chapters on individual drugs in Section II also include a box summarizing the pharmacoki-
netic properties of the drug.
Understanding drug abuse and addiction is of vital importance in clinical practice. We hope
Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment is of help
to those who are involved in improving health and quality of life of their patients and others
interested in this fascinating fi eld of research.
Utrecht, The Netherlands Joris C. Verster
Charleston, SC, USA Kathleen Brady
New York, NY, USA Marc Galanter
London, UK Patricia Conrod
v

Credits and Acknowledgements
Composing this fi rst of a kind comprehensive volume could not be realized without the enthu-
siastic help and effort of a great number of individuals. Many people were involved in the
development of this new volume entitled D rug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes,
Consequences, and Treatment. We want to thank all authors for contributing authoritative and
up-to-date chapters. Because of their efforts, D rug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness:
Causes, Consequences, and Treatment is a fi rst class reference book for everybody who is
interested in the impact of drug abuse and addiction in clinical practice. We also want to thank
the editors at Springer for their support and guidance in developing this volume. Finally, we
want to thank our friends and families for their patience and support.
Utrecht, The Netherlands Joris C. Verster
Charleston, SC, USA Kathleen Brady
New York, NY, USA Marc Galanter
London, UK Patricia Conrod
vii

Contents
Part I Drug Abuse and Addiction – An Overview
1 Epidemiology of Alcohol and Drug Use ................................................................. 3
Margriet van Laar
2 Drug Abuse and Behavioral Disinhibition ............................................................. 25
Mark T. Fillmore
3 Automatic and Controlled Processes in the Pathway from Drug
Abuse to Addiction ................................................................................................... 35
Matt Field and Reinout Wiers
4 Personality and Substance Misuse: Evidence for a Four-Factor
Model of Vulnerability ............................................................................................. 47
Natalie Castellanos-Ryan and Patricia Conrod
5 Compulsive Drug Use and Brain Reward Systems ............................................... 63
Jonathan A. Hollander and Paul J. Kenny
6 Animal Models in Addiction Research ................................................................... 73
David Belin and Jeffrey W. Dalley
7 Genetic Contributions to Individual Differences in Vulnerability
to Addiction and Abilities to Quit ........................................................................... 95
George R. Uhl and Tomas Drgon
8 Pharmacotherapy of Addiction ............................................................................... 107
Ahmed Elkashef and Ivan Montoya
Part II Drugs of Abuse
9 Alcohol ....................................................................................................................... 123
A.E. Goudriaan and K.J. Sher
10 Nicotine ..................................................................................................................... 137
Erika B. Litvin, Joseph W. Ditre, Bryan W. Heckman,
and Thomas H. Brandon
11 Cannabis.................................................................................................................... 151
Gerry Jager
12 Cocaine ...................................................................................................................... 163
Anne P. Daamen, Renske Penning, Tibor Brunt, and Joris C. Verster
ix