Dog Parasites Endangering Human Health

294 Pages·2021·7.993 MB·English

by  Christina Strube, Heinz Mehlhorn

Parasitology Research Monographs 13
Christina Strube
Heinz Mehlhorn  Editors
Dog Parasites
Endangering
Human
Health
Parasitology Research Monographs
Volume 13
SeriesEditor
HeinzMehlhorn
DepartmentofParasitology
HeinrichHeineUniversity
Düsseldorf
Germany
This book series “Parasitology Research Monographs” presents carefully refereed
volumes on selected parasitological topics. Parasites have an increasing impact on
animalandhumanhealthinthepresenttimesofglobalizationandglobalwarming.
Parasites may be agents of diseases and- often at the same time- vectors of other
agents of disease such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and/or worms. The
growth in knowledge of parasitic physiology, cell structure, biotechnological and
genetic approaches, ecology, therapeutic capabilities, vaccination, immunology,
diagnosis,transmissionpathwaysandmanyotheraspectsofparasitologyisincreas-
ingdramatically,eveninthefaceofthebreakthroughsthathavealreadybeenmade.
Reflectingthesemostrecentachievementsandtheimportanceofparasitesasathreat
tohumanandanimalhealth,theseries’broadscopeconcentratesonparticularlyhot
topics that were recently covered by review articles in the journal “Parasitology
Research”orinotherjournals.Thesereviewsoffercompactbutintenseinsightsinto
the ongoing research and into the methods and technologies used to control para-
sites. The volumes in the series build on these topics, and the volume editors are
well-knownexpertsintheirrespectivefields.Eachvolumeoffers10to20compre-
hensivereviewscoveringallrelevantaspectsofthetopicinfocus.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/8816
(cid:129)
Christina Strube Heinz Mehlhorn
Editors
Dog Parasites Endangering
Human Health
Editors
ChristinaStrube HeinzMehlhorn
InstituteforParasitology,Centrefor DepartmentofParasitology
InfectionMedicine HeinrichHeineUniversity
UniversityofVeterinaryMedicine Düsseldorf,Nordrhein-Westfalen,Germany
Hannover
Hannover,Niedersachsen,Germany
ISSN2192-3671 ISSN2192-368X (electronic)
ParasitologyResearchMonographs
ISBN978-3-030-53229-1 ISBN978-3-030-53230-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53230-7
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AG2021
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Preface
Peculiar rapture animals—later called dogs (Canidae)—accompanied the various
waves of “early humans” leaving the “paradise” in the African Rift Valley region
and wandering together from there to the top ends of the continents of our times.
While at first some of these dog precursors benefited from feeding on the food
remnants of the early humans, mankind later benefited from round-the-clock pres-
enceofthesedogs,whichhelpedthemtohuntanimalsandtoprotecttheirfamilies
from aggressive, free-roaming animals like the precursors of the lions of our days
andotherrelatedcarnivores.
However, since the times of the early humans and dog precursors, host-specific
parasiteslikecestodesandtrematodeshavedevelopedconstantlyatthesametimeas
their peculiarlife cycles. Thus,it isnot astonishing that during the long periods of
commonco-evolutionanumberofdogparasitesalsobecameabletoinfecthumans
or that parasitic cycles have even been developed between both humans and dogs
andtheirrelatedparasites.
This book offers insights into the recent status of some important worldwide
spreadofdogparasitesbelongingtoprotozoansandhelminthswhicharetransmitted
eitherviafecallycontaminatedfoodorbybloodsuckinginsectsandticks.
Inthisbook,12internationallyrenownedgroupsofscientists—belongingtothe
fieldsofhumanandanimalparasitologyaswellastothedifferentfieldsofbiology—
contributedpeculiarinsightsintotheimportantdogparasitesbasedontheirknowl-
edgeobtainedduringlongperiodsofresearchinthesefields.
Hannover,Germany ChristinaStrube
Düsseldorf,Germany HeinzMehlhorn
v
Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
HeinzMehlhornandChristinaStrube
2 TheZoonoticDogRoundwormToxocaracanis,aWorldwide
BurdenofPublicHealth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
PatrickWaindok,Marie-KristinRaulf,AndreaSpringer,
andChristinaStrube
3 CanineLeishmaniosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
GadBaneth
4 TheChallengeswithCanineGiardia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
DwightD.Bowman
5 DogsandTheirRoleintheEco-epidemiologyofChagas
Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
RicardoE.GürtlerandMartaV.Cardinal
6 EchinococcusSpecies:TinyTapeworms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
HeinzMehlhorn
7 AnUpdateontheStatusofHydatidosis/Echinococcosisin
DomesticAnimals,WildlifeandHumansinAustralia. . . . . . . . . . . 123
DavidJ.Jenkins
8 Dipylidiumcaninum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
HeinzMehlhorn
9 AncylostomacaninumandOtherCanineHookworms. . . . . . . . . . . 147
JohnM.HawdonandKiraA.Wise
10 Strongyloidiasis:ReallyaZoonosis?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
AdrianStreit
vii
viii Contents
11 Dirofilariaspp.DoTheyGetUnderYourSkin
(OrintoYourHeart)?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
AliceVismarra,MarcoGenchi,ChiaraCattabiani,andLauraKramer
12 GuineaWormInfectioninDogs:ACaseofReverseZoonosis
thatImpedesDracunculusmedinensisEradication. . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
M.TeresaGalán-Puchades
13 Ticks,Dogs,andHumans:AnEndangeredCommunity. . . . . . . . . 261
HeinzMehlhorn
14 TrematodesAttackingDogsandHumans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
HeinzMehlhorn
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
About the Editors
Christina Strube is a full professor of veterinary par-
asitologyattheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineHan-
nover (Germany), where she teaches parasitology
coursesandsupervisesPhD students. Shehasauthored
morethan130peer-reviewedpublicationsandreceived
three awards in the field of veterinary medicine for her
outstanding research work. Her main research interests
include the One Health topics “zoonotic parasites” and
“tick-borne diseases,” as well as the epidemiology of
parasiticinfectionsinpets,livestock,andwildlife.
Heinz Mehlhorn studied at the Rheinische Friedrich-
WilhelmsUniversityofBonn(Germany).Hewaschair-
man of the parasitological institutes in Düsseldorf and
Bochum.AsaformerpresidentoftheWorldSocietyof
Protozoologyandlong-standingmemberofthesteering
committee of the World Society of Parasitologists, he
runs ongoing lectures in parasitology in several coun-
tries and still teaches courses for medical students in
Düsseldorf. He has published 42 books on parasitolog-
icalproblemsinGerman,French,English,andSpanish.
Heholdsthepatentson12antiparasiticdrugs,whichare
the basis of products sold by the university spin-off
company Alpha-Biocare GmbH (Neuss, Germany),
which produces medications, repellents, and wound
careproductsforhumansandanimals.
ix
Chapter 1
Introduction
HeinzMehlhornandChristinaStrube
Abstract Dogs are attendants of humans for thousands of years and have today
even closer contacts as pet animals than they had in the past, when dogs just
protectedhumansandtheirhomesandhelpedtohuntanimals.Duringthesepassed
timesthecontactsbetweendogsandhumanshadbeenmuchlesscloserthanthoseof
ourdays.Thus,todayseveraldogparasitesmayendangerseverelyhealthofhumans.
The present book describes in 14 chapters the most important parasites of dogs,
which also may harm humans. Thus, this book helps to protect the community of
dogsandhumans.
Keywords Canislupusfamiliaris·Wolves·Autosomes·Chromosomes
1.1 Dogs: The Longtime Faithful Companions of Mankind
I.Abilities
The domestication of the recent dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) started around
100,000 years BC spreading from wolves of these days. Due to their abilities to
adapt to the needs in the human world the dogs reached at present a population of
around500millions.Thesuccessofthedogstobecomeoneofthemostimportant
partners of humankind is mainly based on some peculiar abilities, which helped
themandhumanstosurviveinmanysituations:
H.Mehlhorn(*)
DepartmentofParasitology,HeinrichHeineUniversity,Düsseldorf,Nordrhein-Westfalen,
Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
C.Strube
InstituteforParasitology,CentreforInfectionMedicine,UniversityofVeterinaryMedicine
Hannover,Hannover,Niedersachsen,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicenseto 1
SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021
C.Strube,H.Mehlhorn(eds.),DogParasitesEndangeringHumanHealth,
ParasitologyResearchMonographs13,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53230-7_1