Table Of Contenta LANGE medical book
202 2
CURRENT
Medical Diagnosis
& Treatment
S I X T Y - F I R S T E D I T I O N
Edited by
Maxine A. Papadakis, MD
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Stephen J. McPhee, MD
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus
Division of General Internal Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Michael W. Rabow, MD
Professor of Medicine and Urology
Division of Palliative Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Associate Editor
Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD
Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
With Associate Authors
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CMDT2022_FM_pi-xx.indd 1 02/07/21 7:10 PM
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Contents
Authors v 13. Blood Disorders 502
Preace xiii
Lloyd E. Damon, MD, & Charalambos Babis
Andreadis, MD, MSCE
Year in Review: Key Clinical Updates in CMDT 2022
14. Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, &
1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion 1
Antithrombotic Therapy 548
Michael Pignone, MD, MPH, & René Salazar, MD
Andrew D. Leavitt, MD, &
Erika Leemann Price, MD, MPH
2. Common Symptoms 15
Paul L. Nadler, MD, & Ralph Gonzales, MD, MSPH 15. Gastrointestinal Disorders 582
3. Preoperative Evaluation & Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD
Perioperative Management 41
16. Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas
Hugo Q. Cheng, MD Disorders 677
4. Geriatric Disorders 51 Lawrence S. Friedman, MD
G. Michael Harper, MD, Leah J. Witt, MD, & 17. Breast Disorders 741
C. Seth Landefeld, MD
Armando E. Giuliano, MD, FACS, FRCSEd, &
5. Palliative Care & Pain Management 68 Sara A. Hurvitz, MD, FACP
Michael W. Rabow, MD, Steven Z. Pantilat, MD, 18. Gynecologic Disorders 768
Ann Cai Shah, MD, Lawrence Poree, MD, MPH, PhD,
& Scott Steiger, MD Jill Long, MD, MPH, MHS, FACOG, & Katerina
Shvartsman, MD, FACOG
6. Dermatologic Disorders 99
19. Obstetrics & Obstetric Disorders 799
Kanade Shinkai, MD, PhD, & Lindy P. Fox, MD
Vanessa L. Rogers, MD, & Scott W. Roberts, MD
7. Disorders of the Eyes & Lids 167
20. Rheumatologic, Immunologic,
Jacque L. Duncan, MD, Neeti B. Parikh, MD, & & Allergic Disorders 825
Gerami D. Seitzman, MD
Jinoos Yazdany, MD, MPH, & Rebecca L. Manno,
8. Ear, Nose, & Throat Disorders 201 MD, MHS
Lawrence R. Lustig, MD, & Joshua S. Schindler, MD 21. Electrolyte & AcidBase Disorders 884
9. Pulmonary Disorders 242 Nayan Arora, MD, & J. Ashley Jefferson, MD, FRCP
Meghan E. Fitzpatrick, MD, Niall T. Prendergast, 22. Kidney Disease 912
MD, & Belinda Rivera-Lebron, MD, MS, FCCP
Tonja C. Dirkx, MD, & Tyler B. Woodell, MD, MCR
10. Heart Disease 323
23. Urologic Disorders 952
Thomas M. Bashore, MD, Christopher B. Granger,
MD, Kevin P. Jackson, MD, & Manesh R. Patel, MD Mathew Sorensen, MD, MS, FACS, Thomas J. Walsh,
MD, MS, & Maahum A. Haider, MD, MPH
11. Systemic Hypertension 443
24. Nervous System Disorders 978
Michael Sutters, MD, MRCP (UK)
Vanja C. Douglas, MD, &
12. Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders 475 Michael J. Aminoff, MD, DSc, FRCP
Warren J. Gasper, MD, James C. Iannuzzi, MD, MPH,
& Meshell D. Johnson, MD
iii
CMDT2022_FM_pi-xx.indd 3 02/07/21 7:10 PM
iv CMDT 2022 CONTENTS
25. Psychiatric Disorders 1054 39. Cancer 1612
Kristin S. Raj, MD, Nolan Williams, MD, & Sunny Wang, MD, Tiffany O. Dea, PharmD, BCOP,
Charles DeBattista, DMH, MD Lawrence S. Friedman, MD, Carling Ursem, MD,
Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD, & George R. Schade, MD
26. Endocrine Disorders 1110
40. Genetic & Genomic Disorders 1676
Paul A. Fitzgerald, MD
Reed E. Pyeritz, MD, PhD
27. Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia 1212
41. Orthopedic Disorders & Sports
Umesh Masharani, MB, BS, MRCP (UK)
Medicine 1685
28. Lipid Disorders 1256 Anthony Luke, MD, MPH, & C. Benjamin Ma, MD
Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH
42. Sexual & Gender, & Minority Health 1719
29. Nutritional Disorders & Obesity 1267 Patricia A. Robertson, MD, Nicole Rosendale, MD,
Juno Obedin-Maliver, MD, MPH, MAS, Kevin L. Ard,
Katherine H. Saunders, MD, & Leon I. Igel, MD,
MD, MPH, Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, & Madeline B.
FACP, FTOS
Deutsch, MD, MPH
30. Common Problems in Infectious
e1. AntiInfective Chemotherapeutic &
Diseases & Antimicrobial Therapy 1288
Antibiotic Agents Online*
Peter V. Chin-Hong, MD, & B. Joseph
Katherine Gruenberg, PharmD, & B. Joseph
Guglielmo, PharmD
Guglielmo, PharmD
31. HIV Infection & AIDS 1331
e2. Diagnostic Testing & Medical
Mitchell H. Katz, MD Decision Making Online*
Chuanyi Mark Lu, MD
32. Viral & Rickettsial Infections 1374
Eva Clark, MD, PhD, Christine Akamine, MD, & e3. Information Technology in Patient
Wayne X. Shandera, MD Care Online*
Russ Cucina, MD, MS
33. Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections 1459
Bryn A. Boslett, MD, & Rachel Bystritsky, MD e4. Integrative Medicine Online*
Darshan Mehta, MD, MPH
34. Spirochetal Infections 1498
Susan S. Philip, MD, MPH e5. Podiatric Disorders Online*
Monara Dini, DPM, & Charles B. Parks, DPM
35. Protozoal & Helminthic Infections 1515
Philip J. Rosenthal, MD e6. Women’s Health Issues Online*
Brigid Dolan, MD, MEd, & Judith Walsh, MD, MPH
36. Mycotic Infections 1553
Stacey R. Rose, MD, & Richard J. Hamill, MD e7. Appendix: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring,
Laboratory Reference Intervals, &
37. Disorders Related to Environmental Pharmacogenetic Tests Online*
Emergencies 1566
Chuanyi Mark Lu, MD
Jacqueline A. Nemer, MD, FACEP, & Marianne A.
Index 1741
Juarez, MD
38. Poisoning 1582
Craig Smollin, MD
*Free access to online chapters at www.accessmedicine.com/cmdt
CMDT2022_FM_pi-xx.indd 4 02/07/21 7:10 PM
Authors
N. Franklin Adkinson Jr., MD Thomas M. Bashore, MD
Proessor o Medicine, Division o Allergy & Clinical Proessor o Medicine; Senior Vice Chie, Division o
Immunology, Department o Medicine, Johns Hopkins Cardiology, Department o Medicine, Duke University
Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
[email protected] [email protected]
Allergic & Immunologic Disorders (in Chapter 20) Heart Disease
Christine Akamine, MD Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH
Fellow, Section o Inectious Diseases, Department o Proessor o Medicine, Division o Cardiology,
Medicine, Baylor College o Medicine, Houston, Texas Department o Medicine; Director o Clinical Research,
[email protected] Ciccarone Center or the Prevention o Cardiovascular
Viral & Rickettsial Infections Disease; Johns Hopkins University School o Medicine,
Baltimore, Maryland
Michael J. Aminoff, MD, DSc, FRCP [email protected]
Distinguished Proessor and Endowed Chair in Lipid Disorders
Parkinson’s Disease Research, Department o
Bryn A. Boslett, MD
Neurology, University o Caliornia, San Francisco;
Attending Physician, University o Caliornia Medical Assistant Proessor, Division o Inectious Diseases,
Center, San Francisco Department o Medicine, University o Caliornia,
michael.amino@ucs.edu San Francisco
Nervous System Disorders Bryn.Boslett@ucs.edu
Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections
Charalambos Babis Andreadis, MD, MSCE
Rachel Bystritsky, MD
Proessor o Clinical Medicine, Division o Hematology/
Oncology, Department o Medicine, University o Assistant Proessor, Division o Inectious Diseases,
Caliornia, San Francisco Department o Medicine, University o Caliornia,
Charalambos.Andreadis@ucs.edu San Francisco
Blood Disorders Rachel.Bystritsky@ucs.edu
Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections
Kevin L. Ard, MD, MPH
Hugo Q. Cheng, MD
Faculty, Division o Inectious Diseases, Massachusetts
Clinical Proessor o Medicine, Division o Hospital
General Hospital; Medical Director, National
Medicine, Department o Medicine, University o
LGBTQIA+ Health Education Center, Fenway Institute;
Caliornia, San Francisco
Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School,
quinny.cheng@ucs.edu
Boston, Massachusetts
Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management
[email protected]
Sexual & Gender Minority Health
Mike Kai Wick Cheng, MD
Clinician Educator Fellow, Division o General Internal
Nayan Arora, MD
Medicine, Department o Medicine, University o
Assistant Proessor, Division o Nephrology, Department
Caliornia, San Francisco
o Medicine, University o Washington, Seattle,
References
Washington
[email protected] Peter V. ChinHong, MD
Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders
Proessor o Medicine, Division o Inectious Diseases,
Department o Medicine, University o Caliornia,
Antoine Azar, MD
San Francisco
Assistant Proessor o Medicine, Division o Allergy &
peter.chin-hong@ucs.edu
Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins Asthma &
Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial
Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland
Therapy
[email protected]
Allergic & Immunologic Disorders (in Chapter 20) Eva Clark, MD, PhD
Assistant Proessor o Medicine, Section o Inectious
David M. Barbour, PharmD, BCPS
Diseases, Department o Medicine, Baylor College o
Pharmacist, Denver, Colorado
Medicine, Houston, Texas
[email protected]
[email protected]
Drug References
Viral & Rickettsial Infections
v
CMDT2022_FM_pi-xx.indd 5 02/07/21 7:10 PM
vi CMDT 2022 AUTHORS
Russ Cucina, MD, MS Brigid Dolan, MD, MEd
Proessor o Hospital Medicine, Department o Medicine; Associate Proessor o Medicine and Medical Education,
Chie Health Inormation Oicer, UCSF Health Division o General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics,
System; University o Caliornia, San Francisco Department o Medicine, Northwestern University
russ.cucina@ucs.edu Feinberg School o Medicine
CMDT Online—Information Technology in Patient Care [email protected]
CMDT Online—Women’s Health Issues
Lloyd E. Damon, MD
Proessor o Clinical Medicine, Division o Hematology/ Vanja C. Douglas, MD
Oncology, Department o Medicine; Director o Sara & Evan Williams Foundation Endowed
Quality or the Adult Hematologic Malignancies and Neurohospitalist Chair, Proessor o Clinical
Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Neurology, Department o Neurology, University o
University o Caliornia, San Francisco Caliornia, San Francisco
lloyd.damon@ucs.edu Vanja.Douglas@ucs.edu
Blood Disorders Nervous System Disorders
Tiffany O. Dea, PharmD, BCOP Jacque L. Duncan, MD
Oncology Pharmacist, Veterans Aairs Health Care Proessor o Clinical Ophthalmology, Department o
System, San Francisco, Caliornia; Adjunct Proessor, Ophthalmology, University o Caliornia, San Francisco
Thomas J. Long School o Pharmacy and Health jacque.duncan@ucs.edu
Sciences, Stockton, Caliornia Disorders of the Eyes & Lids
ti[email protected]
Cancer Paul A. Fitzgerald, MD
Clinical Proessor o Medicine, Division o Endocrinology,
Charles DeBattista, DMH, MD Department o Medicine, University o Caliornia,
Proessor o Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco
Department o Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; paul.itzgerald@ucs.edu
Director, Depression Clinic and Research Program; Endocrine Disorders
Director o Medical Student Education in Psychiatry,
Stanord University School o Medicine, Stanord, Meghan E. Fitzpatrick, MD
Caliornia Assistant Proessor o Medicine, Division o Pulmonary
debattista@stanord.edu and Critical Care Medicine, Department o Medicine,
Psychiatric Disorders University o Pittsburgh School o Medicine,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Madeline B. Deutsch, MD, MPH [email protected]
Associate Proessor o Clinical Family & Community Pulmonary Disorders
Medicine, Department o Family & Community
Medicine; Medical Director, UCSF Transgender Care, Lindy P. Fox, MD
University o Caliornia, San Francisco Proessor o Dermatology, Department o Dermatology,
Madeline.Deutsch@ucs.edu University o Caliornia, San Francisco
Sexual & Gender Minority Health Lindy.Fox@ucs.edu
Dermatologic Disorders; Callosities & Corns of Feet or Toes
Monara Dini, DPM (CMDT Online—Podiatric Disorders)
Associate Clinical Proessor o Orthopedics, Department
Lawrence S. Friedman, MD
o Orthopedic Surgery, University o Caliornia,
San Francisco Proessor o Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Proessor
monara.dini@ucs.edu o Medicine, Tuts University School o Medicine,
CMDT Online—Podiatric Disorders Boston, Massachusetts; The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair,
Department o Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital,
Tonja C. Dirkx, MD Newton, Massachusetts; Assistant Chie o Medicine,
Associate Proessor o Medicine, Division o Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
Department o Medicine, Oregon Health & Science l[email protected]
University, Portland, Oregon; Chie, Nephrology Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders; Hepatobiliary
Section, Portland Veterans Aairs Health Care System Cancers (in Chapter 39)
[email protected]
Warren J. Gasper, MD
Kidney Disease
Associate Proessor o Clinical Surgery, Division o
Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department o
Surgery, University o Caliornia, San Francisco
warren.gasper@ucs.edu
Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders
CMDT2022_FM_pi-xx.indd 6 02/07/21 7:10 PM
AUTHORS CMDT 2022 vii
Armando E. Giuliano, MD, FACS, FRCSEd Annsa C. Huang, MD
Chie o Surgical Oncology, Department o Surgery, Clinical Fellow, Division o Gastroenterology and
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Caliornia Hepatology, Department o Medicine, University o
[email protected] Caliornia, San Francisco
Breast Disorders References
Ralph Gonzales, MD, MSPH Sara A. Hurvitz, MD, FACP
Proessor o Medicine, Division o General Internal Proessor o Medicine; Division o Hematology/Oncology,
Medicine, Department o Medicine; Associate Dean, Department o Internal Medicine; Director, Breast
Clinical Innovation and Chie Innovation Oicer, Oncology Program, University o Caliornia,
UCSF Health; University o Caliornia, San Francisco Los Angeles
ralph.gonzales@ucs.edu [email protected]
Common Symptoms Breast Disorders
Christopher B. Granger, MD James C. Iannuzzi, MD, MPH
Proessor o Medicine, Division o Cardiology, Assistant Proessor o Surgery, Division o Vascular and
Department o Medicine; Director, Cardiac Care Unit, Endovascular Surgery, Department o Surgery,
Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical University o Caliornia, San Francisco
Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina james.iannuzzi@ucs.edu
[email protected] Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders
Heart Disease
Leon I. Igel, MD, FACP, FTOS
Katherine Gruenberg, PharmD, MAEd
Assistant Proessor o Clinical Medicine, Division o
Assistant Proessor, School o Pharmacy, University o Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department
Caliornia, San Francisco o Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York,
Katherine.Gruenberg@ucs.edu New York
CMDT Online—Anti-Infective Chemotherapeutic & [email protected]
Antibiotic Agents Nutrition, Nutritional Disorders, & Obesity
B. Joseph Guglielmo, PharmD
Kevin P. Jackson, MD
Proessor and Dean, School o Pharmacy, University o
Associate Proessor o Medicine, Division o Cardiology,
Caliornia, San Francisco
Department o Medicine; Director o
BJoseph.Guglielmo@ucs.edu
Electrophysiology, Duke Raleigh Hospital, Duke
Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial
University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
Therapy; CMDT Online—Anti-Infective
[email protected]
Chemotherapeutic & Antibiotic Agents
Heart Disease
Maahum A. Haider, MD, MPH
J. Ashley Jefferson, MD, FRCP
Assistant Proessor o Urology, Department o Urology,
Proessor o Medicine, Division o Nephrology,
University o Washington, Seattle; Puget Sound
Department o Medicine; Section Head, Nephrology,
Veterans Aairs Health Care System
University o Washington Medical Center, Seattle,
[email protected]
Washington
Urologic Disorders
[email protected]
Richard J. Hamill, MD Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders
Proessor o Medicine, Division o Inectious Diseases,
Jane Jih, MD, MPH, MAS
Departments o Medicine and Molecular Virology &
Associate Proessor, Division o General Internal
Microbiology, Baylor College o Medicine, Houston,
Medicine, Department o Medicine, University o
Texas; Sta Physician, Inectious Diseases Section,
Caliornia, San Francisco
Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Aairs Medical Center
References
[email protected]
Mycotic Infections
Meshell D. Johnson, MD
G. Michael Harper, MD Proessor o Medicine, Chie, Division o Pulmonary,
Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, San Francisco
Proessor, Division o Geriatrics, Department o Medicine,
Veterans Aairs Health Care System; Associate Chair
University o Caliornia, San Francisco School o
or Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, Department o
Medicine; San Francisco Veterans Aairs Health Care
Medicine, University o Caliornia, San Francisco
System, San Francisco, Caliornia
meshell.johnson@ucs.edu
Michael.Harper@ucs.edu
Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders; Alcohol Use Disorder
Geriatric Disorders
(Alcoholism) (in Chapter 25)
CMDT2022_FM_pi-xx.indd 7 02/07/21 7:10 PM
viii CMDT 2022 AUTHORS
Marianne A. Juarez, MD Anthony Luke, MD, MPH
Assistant Clinical Proessor, Department o Emergency Benio Distinguished Proessor in Sports Medicine,
Medicine, University o Caliornia, San Francisco Department o Orthopaedics; Director, UCSF Primary
Marianne.Juarez@ucs.edu Care Sports Medicine; Director, Human Perormance
Disorders Related to Environmental Emergencies Center at the Orthopaedic Institute, University o
Caliornia, San Francisco
Mitchell H. Katz, MD anthony.luke@ucs.edu
President and Chie Executive Oicer oNYCHealth + Orthopedic Disorders & Sports Medicine
Hospitals, New York, New York
[email protected] Lawrence R. Lustig, MD
HIV Infection & AIDS Howard W. Smith Proessor and Chair, Department o
Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia
Tejaswi Kompala, MD University Irving Medical Center & New York
Assistant Proessor, Division o Endocrinology and Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
Metabolism, Department o Medicine, University o [email protected]
Caliornia, San Francisco Ear, Nose, & Throat Disorders
References
C. Benjamin Ma, MD
C. Seth Landefeld, MD Proessor and Vice Chairman o Adult Clinical
Proessor o Medicine; Chair, Department o Medicine Operations, Department o Orthopaedic Surgery,
and Spencer Chair in Medical Science Leadership, University o Caliornia, San Francisco
University o Alabama at Birmingham [email protected].edu
sethlande[email protected] Orthopedic Disorders & Sports Medicine
Geriatric Disorders
Rebecca L. Manno, MD, MHS
Andrew D. Leavitt, MD Adjunct Assistant Proessor, Division o Rheumatology,
Proessor, Departments o Medicine (Hematology) and Johns Hopkins University School o Medicine,
Laboratory Medicine; Medical Director, UCSF Adult Baltimore, Maryland
Hemophilia Treatment Center, University o Caliornia, [email protected]
San Francisco Rheumatologic, Immunologic, & Allergic Disorders
andrew.leavitt@ucs.edu
Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Umesh Masharani, MB, BS, MRCP (UK)
Therapy Proessor o Medicine, Division o Endocrinology and
Metabolism, Department o Medicine, University o
Mary E. Lohman, MD Caliornia, San Francisco
Resident, Department o Dermatology, University o umesh.masharani@ucs.edu
Caliornia, San Francisco Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia
References
Kenneth H. Mayer, MD
Jill Long, MD, MPH, MHS, FACOG Proessor o Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Co-Chair
Medical Oicer, Contraceptive Development Program, and Medical Research Director, The Fenway Institute;
National Institute o Child Health and Human Director o HIV Prevention Research, Beth Israel
Development, Bethesda, Maryland Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
[email protected] kmayer@enwayhealth.org
Gynecologic Disorders Sexual & Gender Minority Health
Chuanyi Mark Lu, MD Richard W. Mclean I, MD
Proessor and Vice Chair, Department o Laboratory Fellow, Division o Gastroenterology, Department o
Medicine, University o Caliornia, San Francisco; Medicine, University o Caliornia, San Francisco
Chie, Lab Medicine Service, Veterans Aairs Health References
Care System, San Francisco, Caliornia
[email protected] Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD
CMDT Online—Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision Proessor o Medicine, Marvin H. Sleisenger Endowed
Making; CMDT Online—Appendix: Therapeutic Drug Chair and Vice-Chairman, Department o Medicine,
Monitoring, Laboratory Reference Intervals, & University o Caliornia, San Francisco; Chie, Medical
Pharmacogenetic Testing Service, San Francisco Veterans Aairs Medical Center
Kenneth.McQuaid@ucs.edu
Gastrointestinal Disorders; Alimentary Tract Cancers
(in Chapter 39)
CMDT2022_FM_pi-xx.indd 8 02/07/21 7:10 PM
