Table Of Content,T'
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M. VERMASEREN
I.
CORPUS
INSCRIPTIONUM
ET
MONUMENTORUM
RELIGIONIS MITHRIACAE
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MARTINUS NIJHOFF
HAGAE COMITIS
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The
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM ET MONUMENTORUM RELIGIONIS MITHRIACAE
was awarded the 1948 Prize of the Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie
van'Wetenschappen, Kunsten en Schone letteren (Royal
Flemish Academy of Arts and Sciences) at Brussels
PREFACE
Volume I has already pointed to the ever-increasing discoveries of material
Nn
iruiv, relating to the Mithras cult since the publication of Cumont's work. New monu-
FUq
ments and data have been brought to light even in the few years since 1956.
vestiges of the Iranian god throughout the former Roman Empire are proving
more and more numerous and the new finds are constantly sharpening our insight
into his character. This Volume II therefore begins with a number of. addend,i to
the monuments which appeared in the previous volume. It also includ.es some
improvements and other necessary additions. Greater completeness has been
achieved in mäny cases thanks to more recent information I hav" corrected
"r,d
a few errors.
CopAyrlil,,g rhitg htgts6 ore sbeyru Meda,, ritninclu,wsd i.Nngi. jhthoeff ,r ,iT,ghhet tHo atgraunes, laNtee thoer ütaond,s KoTehneig Mshitohfrfaeena, win iLllo bnedo dne aanldt iwn iRthom see'sp aSraantteal yP irnisc afu, ratsh weer llp ausb inli cAartsioanmse.i aA asn dt hine
reprod,uce this book or parts thereol in any lorm .relative data could not be discussed in futl here, it is recommended to consult
those future studies for additional information.
T' Nagy wrote in his review of volume r in Arch. Ert. s4, r95g, page l lo, that
he would have preferred a closer examination of the smaller finds. This wish
cannot be fulfilled without violating the purpose of this Corpus. In pettau (ptuj,
Poetovio), Yugo-Slavia, I saw thousands of fragments which have been discovered
there in the Mithraic sanctuaries. Such finds should be described in monographs;
the bibliographyl in the corpus refers to monographs already published. Some
critics are of the opinion that the distinction between the monuments of Mithras
and Sol Inaictws was not sufficiently accentuated. Yet this second volume follows
the same method of underlining any questionable monuments on the geographic
map and the said distinction is thereby adequately stressed. Besides, this method
was already discussed in the preface to Volume I. Many titles have been added to
the bibliography, which proves that thestudy of the Mithras cult arouses universal
interest and covers a wide field.
In all countries concerned both in Eastern and Western Europe, archeologists
and students of religion have given most generous assistance in facilitatirrg tt
investigation of Mithraic monuments. My colleagues in Vienna rendered invalu-"
able services in bridging the gap between the East and the West. Hence my
special gratitude to my friend Dr. Rudolf Noll, curator of the Kunsthistorisches
Museum in vienna, whose energetic help enabled me to establish many important
PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS contacts with persons in his own country and abroad.
I
VI PREFACE
In Yugo-Slavia I derived much benefit from the disinterested support of Dr.
Kastelic, director of the Ljubljana Museum, and of Dr. A. Gabriöeviö. I have
JoZe
very dear recollections of my visit to Roumania, where I had the honour of being
the guest of the Academy. Here and in other countries, in Gennany, Austria and .t
yugä-Shvia, I had an opportunity to make a personal study of available material. CONTENTS
The excursions through Dacia with Professors Dr. C. Daicoviciu and Dr' E.
Condurachi belong to those occasional outstanding experiences in the conduct of Preface v
scientific research which are never to be forgotten' Supplement to the Bibliography I
MöActsthy ough Ditt . hWas. nWoet lylkeot fbf eheanv peo ssuspibpleli efdo rm mee w toith v iaslilt dBeusdiraedp einstf oarnmda Stioofnia ,a nDdr 't hAe' Supplement to Volume I 9
,r"""rru"tryrä m aterial. The same was done, down to the last detail, by many directors GenueNre 45
of museums in Germany. It was a pleasure to note how these museums have been RaBrra t45
rebuilt, and an even greater one to be sometimes invited to assist in identifying Nonrcuvr
151
Mithraic fragments which had been given up for lost'
I have already extended proper thanks to many other acquaintances, but PaNxowre 169
Professor Dr. A. Nock of Cambridge, Mass., as well as Dr. C. C. van Essen in Rome, Daruerre 251
my friend. and partner in the Santa Prisca excavations, deserve especial mention Dacra 27t
for th"it helpfui suggestions. I also thank Professor Dr. H. Wagenvoort, president MoBsra 335
of the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research, whose
Tnnecre 369
share in building up this organization has been a large one'
Trne Corpus Inscriptionum et Monwmentorum Rel,igionis Mithriacae has thus MacBooNre 379
become a symbol of co-operation between the East and the West, an ideal which GnaBcre 383
has fortunately been achieved in certain branches of science. The exchange of Grus
389
intellectual and spiritual thought in even greater freedom can only lead to a
better mutual understanding between peoples of different nations. Addenda 397
The first two parts of this Corpus have laid a basis for the scientific conclusions General Index 403
to be drawn from the material. The texts will be included in the third volume. Epigraphical Index 420
This will show Mithras and the world that surrounded him during the different
periods of his cuit, in all its abundant varieties. In the accomplishment of that Listi of mithraic grades 427
arduous task I hope I may encounter the same spirit of helpful collaboration that List of different functions 428
I have found everywhere so far. Army
431
As in volume I, Mr. A. M. H. Lemmers readily accepts responsibility for the
English version of the text. In this connection I wish to express my gratitude to Names of persons mostly mithraists 432
the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (ZWO) for List of Consuls 438
sharing in the translation costs. List of Emperors 438
MeentBN J. Vonuesnnnx List of dated inscriptions and monuments 439
Index of the corresponding monuments 440
Index of the corresponding inscriptions 442
Plates
I
-
SUPPLEMENT TO THE BIBLIOGRAPHY
AC Archeologia Classica.
ACMITT Anuarul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istoria, sec{ia pentru
Transilvania.
AIJ see: Hoffiler-Saria.
AJ Archaeologia Jugoslavica.
Anthes A n t h e s, E. Mithrasdenkmäler und Viergöttersteine aus
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ArchCant Archaeologia Cantiana.
AttMemTib Atti e Memorie della Societä Tiburtina di Storia e d'Arte.
Barb B a r b, A. A. Aus Eisenstadts Urzeit. Burgenkind,ische Heimat-
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Bärcäcilä, A. Stiri noi din preajma Porlilor de Fier,
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Bark6czi B a r k 6 c zi, L. Brigetio (Diss. Pann. II,22). Budapest 1944-
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t Behrens, BZ B e h r e n s, G. Die Binger I andschaft in der Vor- und Früh-
geschichte. Mainz 1954.
t
BEP Bulletin des dtudes portugaises.
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.
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,
2 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY .)
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Muzeia :uZasrebu. Viesnih (N.S.) VIII, 1905, 60ff' jednom Natpisu iz Solina (Eldments mazddens dans une in-
Bruce-Mitford vBa rti oun cs ein-M B irii taf ion .r Ldo,n Rdo.n L 1.9 5S72.. Recent Archaeological Exca- sGc ari pbtiroin öd ee vSiaClo,n eB).. OV, jnesenkiikm LmIiXtri,ö k19im52 , n5altfpf.isima Sarajevskog
Butovac BN eum t aon vji öa (ci,n P s.e rBbook-car oKaottioc rslaknag udeasg ete)m. pVsi elessn iphlu Xs aLnIcXie,n s1 9a2u7x, SGmauarazbjeejrvaio ö)(.De Gvel iaqCsun,ei klq BSuea. rsaI ciienoanswco rg(iNprat.iSpoh.n)i esV dmIIe,i t Mh1r9iita5hq3r,au 1et4sa lufdfr.ouc tMonues ddea ndsö
55ff. la province romaine de Dalmatie. AI I, 1954,37ff
CAAAH Cahiers alsaciens d.'arch6ologie, d'art et d'histoire' Garöia y Bellido, iGbe ar icröa.i BaA yH BC eX lX lXi IdX o, , 1A95. 6E, l2 9C3u-l3to5 5a. Sarapis en. la peninsula
CCCClahaegarmintneeatlnhat,ii ans, e Ies eIeL AILA CCC a1oreim nmtih ieta ö nI ,, LCMe.i ttzDeoeilur: nuMgxiet,hn r Vadasesmse yG tähe usrsce.hl iiecBhf Jtds v'1ae4pr2ep,i lni1qs9 u3feü7 ,r r e1Kp3älrfd r'nsetennta'nt GGGlliaallassmnniikk NSaIDraSjevu RGGGullaaidlssclnnahiiekkms tzMe,e rum. zJeaA.jlrs sckPjkhe.oA g-gaeL lM^D u(rSMzu.eS4ja)at v XcauI X vzSaXoa rSIraI.l,jo e vv1Teu9nh.5ye4oT, .1e7m6fpf.le of Mithras at
Comitd Lezoux Mithra. OgamIX, 1957, l47ff.' Gofi, Gemmae G o r i, F. Gemmae antiquae ex thesauro Mediceo. Florentiae
Comitd Ll"rou*, Poingon-Matrice de Mithra' Ogam IX, 1957, 1731.
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Diez dDeime )B, erEitkr nvaon. FFlraavglma eSnotl veai.n eJsO mAiIt hXrisXcXheInX ,D 1e9n5k2m (aBlse iabul')s Hatt OHr iag itn ts, oJf G. rJe.e kD Rdecoliguivoenr.t eC da'munbr isdagnec t1u9a2i7re2. de Mithra ä Mack-
willer. CRAI 1955, 405ff.
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1899, 594ff.
DuMnaciknegre, bBieetitr. FOf a"h "lg "r akb ee nr,i iAm. uBnetieträregie Mzuarin Egerfboirestc huunndg duenrd W Geetstechraicuh't eZ deeits' Hill, Buried, Lond,on sHtaildlt, 183W6. . Thomson. Buried London. Mithras to the
VIII Middle Ages. London 1955.
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I
4 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY 5
Jessup J e s s u p, R. F. The "Temple of Mithras" at Burham. Nagy N a g y, T. Valläsi 6let Aqincumban. BfiTört 11,3861f..
ArchCant LXX, 1956, l68ff. N rgy, T. A Fövärosi Rdgdszeti 6s Äsätäsi Intlzet Jelentdse
JSGU Jahresbericht der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte. az 1938-1942 (Bericht des arch. Instituts von Budapest über die
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Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz 1956, l89lf. N u g y, T. A Szlr 6s Kisäziai Vonatkozäsrl Emldlek a Duna
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1923-24,69fL l08ff.
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PAPS Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.
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Vermaseren Vermaseren, M. J The Suovetaurilia in Roman Art.
BBAB XXXII, 1957, Iff.
Vermaseren, M. J. Sole o Medua? Unintarsio romano.
Hornm. Döonna, Latomus XXVIII. 1957,514ff..
Vjesnik Vjesnik Hrvatskoga Arheologiökoga DruStva.
Vjesnik za archeologya i historya dalmatinsku, see BASD.
Vollmer V o I I m e r, F. Inscriptiones Baivariae romanae sive in-
scriptiones provinciae Raetiae. Monaci 1915.
Vollgraff Vollgraf f, W. Remarques sur une dpitaphe latine de
Philippes en Macddoine. Homm. Bid,ez-Cwrnont, 1949, 3531f..
V o 1l g r a f f, W. Une inscription grav6e sur un vase cultuel
mithriaque. Med.NAK. Uzel. (N.R. 18,8) Amsterdam 1955.
Votlgraf f, W. Les cryfii des inscriptions mithriaques.
Hontm. Döonna,5l7II.
Vorbeck V o r b e c k, E. Militärinschriften aus Carnuntum. Wien 1954.
I
SUPPLEMENT TO VOLUME I
e
MESOPOTAMIA
Suse
7b
R. Ghirsman, Nouael,tres arckdol,ogiques: Les louilles d,e Suse zg46-t952 in La
III
Reuue d,es Arts 1951, l87f gives a stratigraphical survey of Susa. In Town IV
(Sassanidian period) frescoes have been found of which the Mithraic origin is
.questionable (cl. Fasti VI, l95t (1953) No. 3521).
Unur-Wenre
Zc
J. van Dijk in Phoenirll 1956, 83 fig. 5l gives a reproduction of a building about
which H. J. Lensenin MDOG 87, 1955, 46ff and fig. ll gives a more profound
account.
A large room (L. 15.30 Br. 1 1.20) with an apse and with a podium may give the
impression of a Mithraeum, but Prof. Lensen clearly states, that the minor finds
neither prove the existence of a Mithraic sanctuary nor of an early Christian
Church.
CHERSONESUS TAURICA
Airooon
ro
TTRRIToRIUM Cnlnecrs
When CIMRM I was published, it was impossible to consult the article by
Rostovtzeff in IIKA 40, l9ll,l2ff. in which he describes some Mithraic monu-
ments of Aitodor (and not Aitador) north of Charax. Prof. Le Roy A. Campbell
kindly sent me positive prints of the article which was translated in the Archaeo-
logical Institute at Bucarest. I do not know, however, where the monuments are
preserved. It is clear, that at Aitodor there was a sanctuary of the Thracian
Rider-God in which Mithras was worshipped as well. This sanctuary was situated
outside the Roman castellum which lies near the Sea. In Aitodor was a stati,o of the
beneliciardi.
(M. Rostovtzeff, Das Heiligtwm d,er thrakischen Götter wnd. d,ie Insclwilten d,er
beneliciarü in Ai-Tod,or in IIKA XL 191 l, lff.; cl. B. W. Pharmakowsky in
AA tgtt,235f).
roA
Four fragments of a marble relief (I{.0.16 8r.0.20 D.0.023).
E. H. Minns, Scytkians and. Greeks. Cambridge 1913, 523; 546; IIKA XL,
l9ll, 15 No.6 and Pl. IY,7; Berytws XI, 1954,52 No. 628,who wrongly
lists it as from Nymphaeum. See fig. 239.
,
.!rl-
t2 ASIA ASIA _ SYRIA t3
CAPPADOCIA
The central section of the relief is lost, but parts of the heads of Mithras and of AnrenelrwBra
the buil are preserved. The upper part of Cautes (r) with upraised torch, Cauto- t9
pates (t) standing cross-legged and his r. h. with the torch downwards. Parts of the Cl. Bengtson, Strategie II, 253 n.2. G. Widengren, Stand, wnd, Aulgaben d,er
head and the body are missing. Hoof of the r. hind-foot and parts of the forefeet iraniscken Rel,,igionsgeschickte, Leiden 1955,70 n. 222 accepts the interpretation of
of the bull. Above the grotto's border there are the busts of So1 (l) and of Luna MM 25 n. I "became Magus for Mithras" and does not seem to know about
(r). Luna seems to be holding a torch. Between them a row of (originally seven) Nock's publication.
altars.
LYCAONIA
Kowva
roB 20
Two fragments of a marble relief. w. M. calder's opinion in JHS XLVII, 1922, rTBf that the statuette should be a
IIKA 40,1911, 15 No.7 and Pl. IV, B. See fig.24O. forgery is adopted without reserve by M. Goughin Anatolian stud.iesrr,l9s6, 132.
Only the L part of the relief is preserved. In the corner the dressed bust of Sol
PHRYGIA
and part of the grotto's bord.er. Under it the torso of Cautopates with the torch Auonruu
downwards. 22
In I line 5 is to be read: x[ö ii]pr,r,o[u].
roC
LYDIA
Fragment of a marble relief (H.0.13 Br.0.lB D.0.023). Coropnou
IIKA 40,1911, 17 No. l4B and Pl. VI, l7 (and not Pl. VI, lB as is indicated); 248
Berytws XI, 1954, 46 No. 6 who uncorrectly places it as from Olbia. See fig. Machteld Mellink in AJA 60, 1956,382 mentions a latin dedication to Mithra
241. found north of ancient coiophon. Prof. L. Robert (cf. Annwaire du Coil,öge d.e France
The foremost part of the bull with the r. knee of Mithras. The god's r.h. with the 1956,299) informs me that it runs:
dagger. The dog and behind it the greater part of cross-legged Cautes with Deo sancto invicto Mit(h)rae.
upraised f. arm. CILICIA
The reverse of the relief has been roughened on purpose so that it could be Tansus
27
attached to a wall.
wilr, Relief cwltwel, 165 n. 1 rightty remarks that Mithras is not in phrygian cap
roD and that he holds his hand with the dagger upraised (cl. No. 230 and fig. 69).
Fragment of a marble relief (H. 0.12 8r.0.098-0.1 I D. 0.018).
IIKA 40, 19l l, 17 No. 1413 and Pl. VI, 18 (and not Pl. VI, 17 as is indicated); ANezennus
LeRoy Campbell in Berytws XI, 1954, 45 No. 35 who erroneously thinks it zlbis
comes from Nymphaeum. See fig.242. Altar with projecting mouldings at top and bottom (H. 1.37 Br. o.4z D. 0.45).
Mithras as a builkiller, only the forefeet of the bull are preserved. No dog Found at the S-W end of Stadium at Anazarva.
visible. Cautes, not cross-legged, holds a flaming torch upwards. M. Gough in Anatolian stwdies rr, 19s2, t3l No. 3 and pt. XIIa; wirr, Rer,.
Cul,t., 167 n. l.
roE L.H.0.04-0.025.
L. bottom corner of a marble relief (H. 0.065 Br. 0.07 D. 0.02). [üzrdrou tö] p'rc(occpöq) n(arpi8o6) tM.Aüp{l/}.r,o6 x6}.euxo6 ielpeü6 xoril / nat{1p 8r,&
IIKA 40, l9ll, l8 No. l5B. ptou Auö6 ['H],ilou f &ver.xfirov Mi$pcr töv [../...] xas'& $n&,oye.co tfr natlp[Dr,].
The feet and the extreme part of the torch of Cautopates. The first five lines are missing; in lines 9-lo it may be possible to supply p<,rg,öv.
PONTUS SYRIA
Auasra NBunuo-Decu
r5 29
mil,es pius cl. No. 1232. M. P. Nilsson, Gr. Rel. II, 644 n. 2 doubts the Mithraic Miss Theresa Goell in AJA 62, t95B,l02f and Pl. t9 fig. t AIA 60, 1956,
@1.
character of this inscription. 3B3f):
,
i-
