Commentarii De Bello Gallico: Latin-English Vocabulary

14 Pages·0.081 MB·English

by  Hans H. Ørberg

C. IVLII CAESARIS
Commentarii
De Bello Gallico
Ex Libris I, IV, V
Discipvlis Legenda
Edidit
Hans H. Ørberg
LATIN-ENGLISH
VOCABULARY
ABBREVIATIONS
abl ablative
acc accusative
adj adjective
adv adverb
comp comparative
conj conjunctive
dat dative
f feminine
fut future
gen genitive
ger gerund
indecl indeclinable
inf infinitive
m masculine
n neuter
pass passive
perf perfect
pl plural
prp preposition
sg singular
subj subjunctive
sup superlative
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aliēnus -a -um unfavorable
A
ali-quam-diū adv for some time
ab/ā (mīlibus passuum…) at a distance of
ali-quī = aliquis someone
ab-dere -didisse -ditum hide
alius aliā ex nāvī one from one ship and one
ab-esse: nōn multum abest little is wanting (but) that
from another
quīn +subj
altitūdō -inis f height, depth
abies -etis f fir
ambō -ae -ō both
ab-sistere stop, refrain
ammentum -ī n thong
abs-tinēre abstain (from)
amplitūdō -inis f size, extent
ac see atque
amplius adv more
ac-cēdere be added
amplus -a -um large, great
accēdit (quod/ut) moreover…
anceps -cipitis adj undecided
accersere -īvisse -ītum fetch
ancora -ae f anchor
āctuārius -a -um (nāvis) fast-moving (with sails and
angulus -ī m angle, corner
oars)
angustiae -ārum f pl narrowness, pass, narrow
ad (: ferē) about, approximately
passage
ad-aequāre come up to, equal
angustius adv comp closertogether;morescantily
ad-dūcere bring, lead
animus: in a.ō est +dat have in mind, intend
in cōnsuētūdinem a. accustom
a.um advertere notice
adductus +abl prompted, impelled
a.ī causā for pleasure
ad-eō so (very), to such an extent
annōtinus -a -um of last year
ad-haerēre -sisse -sum cling, stick
ānser -eris m goose
ad-hibēre bring in, summon
ante adv previously, beforehand, above
ad-hortārī encourage, urge on
ante-cēdere go before, precede
ad-igere -ēgisse -āctum drive, hurl
ante-currere run before
ad-ipīscī -eptum obtain, win
antecursōrēs -um m pl vanguard
aditus -ūs m access, coming
ante-ferre prefer
adiūtor -ōris m helper, supporter
ante-pōnere place before/above
ad-ministrāre perform, organize
apertus -a -um uncovered, exposed
ad-mittere admit, allow, give rein
ap-pellere -pulisse -pulsum drive to; pass (of ships) put
equō admissō at a gallop
in, sail (to)
ad-modum adv very much, greatly, quite, no
aptus -a -um (ad) fitted (for)
less than
aqua -ae f water, water-clock (to mea-
ad-monēre advise, urge
sure time)
ad-orīrī attack, assault
aquārī fetch water
adventus -ūs m approach, arrival
aquātiō -ōnis f fetching of water
adversus -a -um: adversā in the face of night
aquili-fer -ferī m standard-bearer
nocte
arbiter -trī m assessor, umpire
in adversum ōs straight in the face
ārdēre -sisse burn, be inflamed
ad-vertere: animum a. notice
argilla -ae f clay
ad-volāre rush
āridus -a -um dry; n dry land
aedificium -ī n building, farmhouse
armāmenta -ōrum n pl rigging
aegrē adv, sup aegerrimē hardly, with difficulty
armāre equip, rig
aequāre make equal
armātī -ōrum m pl armed men
aequus -a -um (locus) level, even; fair, just
ar-ripere -iō -uisse -reptum seize, grab
aes aeris n copper, bronze
ascēnsus -ūs m ascent, way of ascending
aestus -ūs m tide, current
a-scīscere -īvisse -ītum admit
af-flīctāre shatter
asper -era -erum hard, severe
af-flīgere -xisse -ctum strike, shatter
as-suē-facere accustom
af-fore fut inf = af-futūrum ‘would be present’
atque/ac: (pār) a. as
esse < ad- esse
(aliter) a. than
Āfricus -ī m south-west wind
contrā a. contrary to
ager agrī m territory, country
at-texere -uisse -xtum weave on
agere (cum, inter sē) talk, discuss
at-tingere -tigisse -tāctum adjoin, reach
agger -is m earthwork, ramp
at-tribuere -uisse -ūtum assign
ag-gredī -ior -gressum attack
auctor -ōris m one who advocates, sup-
ag-gregāre, sē join, follow
porter, adviser
alacer -cris -cre eager, keen
a. esse propose
alacritās -ātis f eagerness, zeal
auctōritās -ātis f authority, prestige
alere -uisse altum feed, nourish, support
audācter adv boldly
3
audītiō -ōnis f hearsay, report adv citō, sup citissimē fast, quickly
aurīga -ae m charioteer cīvitās -ātis f state, citizens (of a state)
auxiliārī give help clādēs -is f disaster, defeat
auxilium: dat auxiliō to the assistance (of) clam adv secretly
(venīre/mittere) clāmitāre shout
ā-vertere turn away, divert clārus -a -um famous; (vōx) loud
āversus with the back turned cliēns -entis m client
avus -ī m grandfather coāctū +gen under compulsion
co-emere buy
cōgere coēgisse coāctum bring together, assemble, collect
B
cognitus -a -um known
balteus -ī m baldric
co-hortārī exhort, encourage
bellāre wage war
col-laudāre praise, commend
bellicōsus -a -um warlike
col-ligāre tie up, fix together
benevolēns -entis adj friendly
col-ligere -lēgisse -lēctum collect
benevolentia -ae f goodwill
sē colligere recover
bīduum -ī n two days
col-locāre put, place, station, set up
biennium -ī n two years
comb-ūrere -ussisse -ustum burn
bi-pertītō adv in two parts
com-meāre come and go, travel
bonitās -ātis f good quality
commeātus -ūs m supplies, provisions; passage,
breviārium -ī n abstract, summary
convoy
brevitās -ātis f shortness
com-mendāre entrust, commit
brūma -ae f winter solstice
commentārius -ī m record
comminus adv at close quarters
C
com-mittere commit, do
cadere cecidisse fall (in battle), be killed
proelium c. join battle
caeruleus -a -um blue
+dat entrust
caespes -itis m turf
commodum -ī n advantage, convenience;
calamitās -ātis f disaster, defeat
commodō +gen without inconveniencing
capere (locum) reach
commodus -a -um convenient, advantageous
cōnsilium c. form a plan, make a decision
adv -ē readily, easily
captīvus -ī m prisoner of war
com-movēre trouble, frighten
captus -ūs m capacity, notion
commūnicāre (cum) communicate, discuss, consult
caput (fluviī) mouth
com-mūnīre fortify
capita pl individuals
com-mūtāre change
carrus -ī m waggon
commūtātiō -ōnis f change
casa -ae f cottage, hut
com-parāre prepare, provide
castellum -ī n fort, stronghold
com-pellere -pulisse -pulsum drive (together)
cāsus -ūs m chance, accident, fortune
comperīre -erisse -ertum find out, learn, be told
cāsū accidentally
com-portāre carry, bring (together)
causa -ae f situation
com-prehendere catch hold of, seize, arrest
celeritās -ātis f speed, swiftness
ignem c. catch fire
cēnsus -ūs m census
cōnātus -ūs m effort, attempt
centuria -ae f century(unitofupto100sol-
con-cēdere give in, yield, concede, allow
diers, 1/6 of a cohort)
con-cidere -disse fall down
centuriō -ōnis m centurion (officer command-
con-cīdere -disse -sum cut down, kill
ing a century)
concilium -ī n assembly, public meeting
certiōrem facere inform
con-citāre incite, stir up
pass certior fierī be informed, learn
con-clāmāre shout, cry out
cibāria -ōrum n pl food, provisions
con-currere hurry together
circu(m)-īre go round
concursāre run to and fro
circu-itus -ūs m circumference
con-cursus -ūs m gathering, concourse, running
circum-cīdere cut out
about; (nāvium) collision
circum-mittere send round
con-dere -didisse -ditum found
circum-sistere -stetisse gather round, surround
ab urbe conditā from the founding of the city
circum-spicere look round (for)
condiciō -ōnis f condition, terms, (legal) po-
circum-venīre surround
sition
cis prp +acc on the near side of
con-dūcere hire
citātus -a -um moving quickly
cōn-fectus -a -um +abl worn out, exhausted
citerior -ius nearer
citus -a -um quick
4
cōn-ferre con-tulisse bring together, collect con-tendere makeaneffort,strive,hasten,
col-lātum contend, fight
sē cōnferre go, resort contentiō -ōnis f conflict, contention
cōnfertus -a -um close, in close order con-testārī call to witness
cōnfestim adv at once continēns -entis adj uninterrupted
cōn-fīdere -fīsum esse trust, have confidence in continēns -entis f (abl -ī) continent
+acc +inf be sure continenter adv continuously
cōn-fīnium -ī n boundary con-tinēre keep together, keep, confine,
cōn-fīrmāre establish, secure, strengthen limit
+acc +inf confirm con-tingere -tigisse -tāctum touch, be in contact with
cōn-flagrāre be destroyed by fire continuus -a -um continuous, successive
cōnflīctāre strike, harass cōntiō -ōnis f assembly, parade
cōn-flīgere -xisse -ctum clash contrā atque contrary to
cōnfluēns -entis m confluence con-trahere (nāvēs) drawtogether,gather,reduce
cōn-fluere flow together, meet in size, contract
con-gredī -ior -gressum meet contrōversia -ae f dispute
con-icere-iō-iēcisse-iectum throw contumēlia -ae f indignity, affront
in fugam c. put to flight convallis -is f narrow valley
in vincula c. put in chains con-venīre +acc meet
culpam c. in lay the blame on conventus -ūs m meeting, assize
con-iūrātiō -ōnis f conspiracy, plot co-orīrī arise, break out
con-quīrere search out cōpia -ae f supply
cōnsanguineus -a -um related; m relative, kinsman cōpiae -ārum f pl forces, troops
cōn-scrībere write; (mīlitēs) enlist, enrol cōpiōsus -a -um rich
cōnsectārī pursue, hunt down cōram adv before his own eyes
cōn-sentīre be in agreement, agree cotīdiānus -a -um daily
cōn-sequī follow, reach, acquire, gain, crātis -is f wickerwork
win crēber -bra -brum, sup close together, frequent
cōn-sīdere take up a position, encamp, -errimus
settle cruciātus -ūs m torture
cōnsilium -ī n deliberation, decision, inten- culpa -ae f blame, fault
tion, judgement, discre- cultūra -ae f cultivation
tion; council (of war) cultus -ūs m standard of living, civilization
cōn-similis -e similar, like cūnctārī linger, hesitate
cōn-sistere -stitisse halt, stop, take one’s stand cūrāre +acc +ger undertake, have (something
cōnspectus -ūs m: in before the eyes of done)
cōnspectū +gen cursus -ūs m running, speed, passage
cōn-spicārī catch sight of, see cūstōdia -ae f guard
cōnstāre: cōnstat +acc +inf it is apparent, it is plain
cōnstīpāre, sē crowd together
D
cōn-stituere place, locate; appoint
dē (III vigiliā) starting with, at
cōn-suēr- = cōn-suēver-, -suēvēr-
dē-cēdere go away, retire
cōn-suēss- = cōn-sēviss-
decem et octō eighteen
cōn-suēscere -ēvisse become accustomed, accus-
dē-cernere -crēvisse -crētum decide, decree
tom oneself
dē-certāre fight it out, fight to a finish
perf cōn-suēvisse beaccustomed/used(to), be
dēclīvis -e sloping
in the habit of; usually
decuria -ae f squad of ten cavalrymen
(do)
decuriō -ōnis m officercommandingadecuria
cōnsuētūdō -inis f usage, habit, practice, cus-
decus -oris n honor
tom
dē-decus -oris n disgrace
cōnsul -is m consul
dē-dere (sē) give up, surrender
cōn-sulere -uisse -sultum consult, deliberate
dēditīcius -a -um having surrendered
+dat consult the interests of, show
dēditiō -ōnis f surrender
consideration for
dē-dūcere lead away, remove, conduct,
cōnsultāre deliberate, debate
(nāvem) launch
cōnsultō adv deliberately
dēfectiō -ōnis f defection, revolt
cōn-surgere stand up, rise
dēfēnsor -ōris m defender
contabulāre coverwithboards,equipwith
dē-ferre bring, carry, report
floors
dē-fessus -a -um worn out
contemptiō -ōnis f scorn, contempt
dē-fetīgāre exhaust, wear out
5
dē-ficere -iō -fēcisse -fectum run short, fail, revolt, defect dis-pār -paris adj unequal
dē-fīgere fix, plant di-spergere -sisse -sum scatter
dē-fluere flow dis-pōnere distribute, post, station
dē-fōrmis -e misshapen, ugly dis-putāre argue, debate
dē-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum throwdown,divert,(spē)dis- disputātiō -īnis f discussion, debate, dispute
appoint dissēnsiō -ōnis f disagreement, dissension
deinceps adv in succession, in turn dis-sentīre disagree
dē-līberāre deliberate, consider dis-simulāre conceal, dissemble
dē-ligāre tie, fasten dis-tribuere distribute
dē-ligere -lēgisse -lēctum choose, pick out dis-tul- < dif-ferre
dē-litēscere -tuisse hide, go into hiding dītissimus -a -um sup < dīs dītis
dē-mēns -entis adj mad, insane diūtinus -a -um lasting, prolonged
dēmentia -ae f madness, insanity docēre +acc +inf tell, inform, declare
dēmere -mpsisse -mptum take away, remove dolus -ī m deceit, guile, trickery
dē-metere − -messum mow domāre -uisse -itum tame, subdue
dē-migrāre go away, move domesticus -a -um domestic, internal
dē-mittere, sē go down, descend dubitāre waver, hesitate
dē-mōnstrāre indicate, point out, explain, dubitātiō -ōnis f doubt
describe dūcere +acc +inf consider
dēnsus -a -um thick dum conj +subj until
dē-perīre perish, be lost duodēnī -ae -a twelve each
dē-pōnere lay down, put, place, aban- duplex -icis adj double
don duplicāre double
dē-populārī/-āre sack, plunder dūrus -a -um hard, severe
dē-precārī beg relief, plead for
dēprecātor -ōris m one who pleads for someone,
E
intercessor
eā adv that way
dē-prehendere seize, intercept
ē-dūcere lead out
dēsertus -a -um deserted
ef-fēmināre unman, enervate
dēscendere ad (cōnsilium) resort to
ef-ferre ex-tulisse ē-lātum carry out
dēsīderāre +acc +inf want, require; pass be miss-
efferrī (victōriā) be elated, exult
ing
ef-fugere +acc escape from
dē-sistere -stitisse +abl cease from
ē-gredī -ior -gressum go out
dēspērātiō -ōnis f despair
ēgressus -ūs m going out, (ē nāvibus) disem-
dē-stringere -strīnxisse (gladium) draw
barcation, landing
-strictum
ē-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum throw out, turn out
dētrīmentum -ī n harm, loss
sē ēicere rush out
dē-turbāre dislodge
eius-modī of that kind, such
dē-vehere convey, transport
ē-lābī -lāpsum slip out, manage to get out
diēs -ēī m/f (fixed) day, time
ē-licere -iō -uisse -itum entice, lure out
in diēs day by day
ē-mittere send out, let go
dif-ferre differ, be different
eō +comp so much (the more/ less)
dif-ferre dis-tulisse dī-lātum scatter, disperse
eō adv for that reason
difficultās -ātis f difficulty
eō quod because
dif-fīdere have no confidence in, dis-
eō ut in order that
trust
eō-dem adv to the same place, to the
dignitās -ātis f dignity
same purpose
dī-iūdicāre settle, decide
ephippiātus -a -um furnished with an ephippium
dīmicāre fight
ephippium -ī n saddle-cloth
dīmidium -ī n half
epistola -ae f letter
d.ō minor half as big
eques (Rōmānus) knight, member of the eques-
dī-mittere send off (in different direc-
trian order
tions); give up control of,
equester -tris -tre cavalry-
abandon; let go
errāre (= fallī) be mistaken
dīs dītis adj (= dīves), sup rich, wealthy
ēruptiō -ōnis f sally, sortie
dītissimus
essedārius -ī m fighter in a war-chariot
dis-cēdere ab armīs give up arms
essedum -ī n war-chariot
dis-cessus -ūs m departure
ē-vellere tear out, pull out
disciplīna -ae f training, discipline
ē-venīre turn out, happen
dis-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum scatter
ēventus -ūs m outcome, event
6
ē-vocāre call out, summon fīnitimus -a -um (+dat) bordering, neighboring; m pl
ex-agitāre stir up, harass neighboring people
exāmināre weigh fīrmus -a -um (adv -iter) strong, firm, steady
ex-animāre kill flamma -ae f flame, fire
ex-cēdere (+abl) go out, go away, leave flētus -ūs m weeping
ex-cipere follow after, succeed flōrēre bloom, flourish
ex-citāre build, erect fore fut inf < esse/fierī ‘would be, would happen’
ex-clūdere -sisse -sum shut out, exclude, prevent fortitūdō -inis f bravery
exemplum -ī n precedent, model fortūnae -ārum f pl property
exercitāre train, exercise fremitus -ūs m roar, growl
exercitātiō -ōnis f exercise, training frequēns numerous
exiguitās -ātis f smallness, scantiness quam freqentissimī in the greatest possible number
exīstimātiō -ōnis f opinion, judgement frūmentārī gather corn, forage
expedītiō -ōnis f raid, expedition frūmentārius -a -um corn-, corn-producing
ex-pedītus -a -um ready for action, moving eas- rēs f.a corn-supply
ily; easy fuga -ae f in fugam dare, put to flight
ex-pellere -pulisse -pulsum drive out, expel, banish fugitīvus -ī m runaway, fugitive
(+abl) fūmus -ī m smoke
ex-perīrī -pertum try, attempt funda -ae f sling
ex-piāre make amends, atone for fundere fūdisse fūsum: rout
ex-plōrāre investigate, explore (proeliō) f.
explōrātor -ōris m scout, spy fūnis -is m rope
explōrātus -a -um secured, certain fūsilis -e molten, fusible
ex-pōnere put out, put on shore, land;
expose, display G
ex-portāre carry out, take away gallīna -ae f hen
ex-sistere -stitisse emerge, arise gaudēre gavīsum be glad, rejoice
ex-stāre project, stand out genus -eris n stock, descent
ex-stinguere -stīnxisse extinguish, wipe out gerere gessisse gestum carry on, perform, do
-stīnctum rēs gesta action, event, achievement
ex-trahere protract, spend (time) glāns -andis f acorn, acorn-shaped missile
extrēmus -a -um outermost, hindmost, last grātia -ae f favor, popularity
ad extrēmum finally grātulārī congratulate
ex-uere -uisse -ūtum deprive grātulātiō -ōnis f congratulation
ex-ūrere -ussisse -ustum destroy by fire gravitās -ātis f heaviness, weight, importance
F H
factū supine II: optimum f. the best to be done habēre regard
facultās -ātis f possibility, opportunity magnī h. value highly
fāgus -ī f beech-tree in hostium numerō h. regard as enemies
falx -cis f sickle-like hook fitted on a hīberna -ōrum n pl winter camp
long pole, siege-hook hiemāre pass the winter
familiāris -is m/f close friend historia -ae f history
familiāritās -ātis f close friendship hōc abl +comp: hōc facilius so much the more easily
fās n indecl right, proper honestus -a -um honorable
femur -oris/-inis n thigh honōs -ōris m esteem, honor
ferrāmenta -ōrum n pl iron tools horridus -a -um rough, horrible
ferre: ut fert illōrum opīniō as far as their opinion goes hospitium -ī n tie between host and guest,
fervē-facere heat hospitable relations
fervēfactus red-hot, incandescent hūmānitās -ātis f civilization
fervēns -entis adj red-hot hūmānus -a -um civilized
ficta -ōrum n pl made-up stories humilis -e humble
fidēs -eī f trust, guarantee, promise, humilitās -ātis f lowness, lowliness
protection, credibility, al-
legiance I
figūra -ae f form, shape iaculum -ī n throwing-spear, javelin
fīnēs -ium m pl land, territory ictus -ūs m stroke, impact
fingere fīnxisse fictum make up, invent idcircō adv for that reason, therefore
ficta n pl made-up stories ignōbilis -e not well known, obscure
fīnīre form the boundary of ignōscere +dat forgive
7
il-lāt- < īn-ferre in-opīnāns -antis adj unprepared
illō adv to that place, to that end īn-scius -a -um unaware
illūstris -e clear, lucid īn-sequī follow closely, pursue
immānis -e vast, tremendous īnsidiae -ārum f pl ambush, plot, treachery
im-mittere throw, hurl īnsigne -is n distinctive mark
impedīmenta -ōrum n pl baggage īnsignis -e conspicuous, sensational
impedīmentum -ī n hindrance īn-sinuāre, sē make one’s way in
impedīre encumber, hinder, impede īn-sistere -stitisse stand, take one’s stand
impedītus -a -um hindered from moving freely, īn-stabilis -e unsteady
encumbered īn-stāre press on, attack
im-pellere -pulisse -pulsum impel īn-stituere -uisse -ūtum put up, set up, institute,
im-pendēre overhang, tower start on, instruct
impēnsus -a -um excessive īnstitūtum -ī n custom, institution
imperāre rule, hold power īnstruere -ūxisse -ūctum build, equip
+acc (+dat) order, levy, requisition īnstrūmentum -ī n equipment
imperātum -ī n command, order īn-suēfacere accustom
im-perītus -a -um (+gen) ignorant (of) integer -gra -grum fresh
impetrāre obtain (by request) inter-cēdere come in between, be inter-
impetus -ūs m impulse, onset posed
im-portāre import inter-cipere -iō -cēpisse cut off, intercept
im-prōvīsus -a -um: dē -ō unexpectedly, without warn- -ceptum
ing inter-clūdere -sisse -sum cut off, stop
im-prūdēns -entis adj ignorant, unaware inter-dīcere forbid
imprūdentia -ae f ignorance, unawareness, im- inter-diū adv by day
prudence inter-esse +dat take part in
impulsus -ūs m impulse, instigation interior -ius interior, inner; m pl peoples
inānis -e empty of the interior
in-cendere -disse -cēnsum set on fire inter-īre perish, die, be killed
incendium -ī n fire, conflagration interitus -ūs m death
in-citāre cause to move fast, urge on, inter-mittere interrupt,leaveoff,leave(un-
spur on, impel used), miss
in-cognitus -a -um unknown (tempore) intermissō after a lapse of
in-colere dwell, live inter-pōnere put between, insert, interpose
in-commodus -a -um, adv inconvenient fidem i. pledge one’s word
incommodē interpres -etis m intermediary, interpreter
incommodum -ī n harm, disadvantage, misfor- intervāllum -ī n interval, distance
tune, setback intro-īre come inside, enter
in-crēdibilis -e incredible introitus -ūs m entrance
in-currere rush in, charge intrō-rumpere break in
incursiō -ōnis f inroad, raid intus adv inside
in-dūcere -xisse -ductum lead, induce, prompt in-ūsitātus -a -um unusual, unfamiliar
indūtiae -ārum f pl armistice in-ūtilis -e useless
in-ers -ertis adj inactive, lazy, idle inveterāscere -rāvisse become old, become established
īn-ferre in-tulisse il-lātum cause, inflict in-vicem in their turn
signa ī. advance to the attack in-vītāre urge, invite
bellum ī. (+dat) make war (on) invītus -a -um unwilling, against one’s wishes
īn-ficere -iō -fēcisse -fectum dye eō invītō against his will
īn-fīnītus -a -um infinite, great ir-rumpere break in
īnfīrmitās -ātis f weakness (of character), un- ita: nōn +adj not very…
reliability iter itineris n route, march, day’s march
īn-fīrmus -a -um weak magnīs itineribus by forced marches
īn-flectere bend iūdicāre judge, decide, consider
īnfrā adv below, further down iūdicium -ī n judgement, decision
in-gredī -ior -gressum enter, get in iugum -ī n yoke; (montis) ridge
in-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum throw in sub i. mittere send under the yoke (humili-
+dat instil, inspire (with) ating defeated army)
in-īquus -a -um uneven, unfavorable iūmentum -ī n beast of burden, draught-
in-īre enter on, begin animal (horse, mule…)
cōnsilium i. form a plan iūrāre swear
in-iussū +gen without orders -ius adv comp too…
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iūs iūrandum oath mātrimōnium -ī n marriage
iūstitia -ae f justice in m. dūcere marry
mātūrāre make haste, hurry
mātūrus -a -um premature, early
L
adv mātūrē, comp mātūrius early
lābī lāpsum lapse, fall into error
māximam partem adv mostly
labōrāre be distressed, be in trouble
medērī +dat cure, remedy
labōriōsus -a -um hard, laborious
mediocris -e moderate
lacessere challenge, provoke
mediterrāneus -a -um inland
laetātiō -ōnis f rejoicing
medius -a -um the middle of
lapis -idis m stone
memoria -ae f memory
largītiō -ōnis f largesse, bribery
memoriā prōdere hand down
lassitūdō -inis f weariness
mēnsūra -ae f measurement
lassus -a -um weary
merērī (dē) deserve well (of), behave well
lātē adv, comp lātius, sup widely
(towards)
lātissimē
merīdiānus -a -um of midday
longē lātēque far and wide
meritum -ī n benefit, service
lātitūdō -inis f breadth, width
metallum -ī n metal
lēgātiō -ōnis f delegation
mētīrī mēnsum measure, measure out, ap-
lēgātus -ī m delegate, envoy; staff-officer,
portion
legate
migrāre migrate, move
lēnis -e, adv comp lēnius slow, gentle, light
mīlia -ium (passuum) n pl (Roman) mile
lēnitās -ātis f slowness, gentleness
missū Caesaris as Caesar’s envoy
lepus -oris m hare
mittere send word
levāre +abl free from, relieve of
mōbilis -e inconstant, fickle
levis -e irresponsible, fickle
mōbilitās -ātis f freedom of movement, mobility
levitās -ātis f lightness
moderārī direct, guide
līberālis -e, adv līberāliter generous, noble
molere -uisse -itum grind
ligāre fasten, tie
mollis -e (lītus) gentle, open
lignārī collect firewood
morārī stay, linger, check, delay
lignātiō -ōnis f collecting of firewood
mōtus -ūs m motion, movement, commo-
lignātor -ōris m one who collects firewood
tion, insurrection
linter -tris m light boat
movēre, castra move camp, move forward
līs lītis f dispute
multus -a -um: multō diē in broad daylight
litterae pūblicae documents, records
ad multam noctem till late in the night
locus -ī m scope, opportunity; position,
mūnītiō -ōnis f fortification, defense work
rank, status
mūrālis -e: pīlum mūrāle spear used to defend walls
obsidum locō as hostages
longē adv far; +sup by far…
longinquus -a -um far-off, remote; long, pro-
N
longed
nancīscī nactum get, obtain, acquire
longitūdō -inis f length
nātiō -ōnis f people, nation
longius adv comp further, longer
nātū abl of age
lōrīca -ae f cuirass, parapet
nātus -a -um born
lūx lūcis f daylight
nātus… locō/ genere of… descent/rank
prīma lūx dawn, daybreak
nāvālis -e naval, ships’
nāvigium -ī n vessel, ship
M necessāriō adv of necessity
magnī habēre value highly necessārius -ī m kinsman, relative
magnitūdō -inis f size, force neglegere -ēxisse -ēctum neglect, omit
magnopere urgently, greatly negōtium -ī n work, difficulty, trouble
māiōrēs -um m pl ancestors nē-quāquam adv by no means, not at all
m. nātū elders, seniors nihil adv in no way, not at all
mandāre order nōbilitās -ātis f nobility, the aristocracy, the
sē fugae m. take to flight, fly nobles
mandātum -ī n order, commission nocēre: pass nocērī +dat come to harm
manēre mānsisse remain noctū adv by night
manus -ūs f armed force, troop nocturnus -a -um night-, nightly, nocturnal
manūs dare surrender, give up nōminātim by name, specifically
matara -ae f Gallic throwing-spear nostrī gen (< nōs) of us
māteria -ae f wood, timber novae rēs revolution
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novissimus -a -um last, hindmost; pl the rear P
novitās -ātis f novelty, unfamiliarity pābulārī collect fodder, forage
nūdāre lay open, expose pābulātor -ōris m forager
numerus: n.ō in number, in all pācāre pacify, subdue
ad n.um to make up the number pācātus settled, peaceful
obsidum n.ō as hostages paenitēre +acc +gen (cause to) regret, repent
nummus -ī m sg coinage pāgus -ī m district, tribe
nūtus -ūs m nod palam adv openly
ad nūtum at the nod, instantly palūs -ūdis f swamp, marsh
pār paris adj equal
O parāre (pretiō) acquire, buy
ob-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum put in front, set before parātus -a -um +inf ready to
obiectus +dat situated opposite to pars: quā ex parte for which reason
ob-īre visit, inspect trēs partēs three quarters
ob-lāt- < of-ferre māximam partem adv mostly
ob-servāre observe, follow parvulus -a -um small, slight
obses -idis m/f hostage passim adv allovertheplace,ineverydi-
ob-sidēre besiege, blockade rection
obsidiō -ōnis f siege, blockade patēns -entis adj open, accessible
obstrictus -a -um obliged patēre extend, stretch
ob-struere -ūxisse -ūctum bar, block patī +acc +inf allow
ob-temperāre comply with, obey paucitās -ātis f fewness, small number
ob-tinēre hold, occupy pecus -oris n (sg/pl) livestock, cattle
ob-tul- < of-ferre pedester -tris -tre pedestrian, infantry-
occāsiō -ōnis f opportunity peditātus -ūs m infantry
occāsus -ūs m (sōlis) sunset, west pellis -is f skin, hide
occultus -a -um hidden, secret pendere pay
occupāre seize, occupy per prp +acc because of
occupātiō -ōnis f preoccupation (licet) per mē with me, on my part
occupātus -a -um occupied, busy, engaged per-agere carry out, perform
oc-currere encounter, come upon, run per-cipere -iō -cēpisse perceive, apprehend
into -ceptum
of-ferre ob-tulisse ob-lātum offer, present, expose, deliver per-contārī make inquiries, question
officium -ī n: in officiō loyal percontātiō -ōnis f inquiry, questioning
omnīnō adv altogether, only, at all per-currere run over, run along
onerāre load per-dūcere conduct, extend, prolong,
onerārius -a -um: nāvis cargo vessel construct
onerāria perendinō diē abl the day after tomorrow
onus -eris n burden, load, cargo per-equitāre ride around
opīnārī think, suppose per-exiguus -a -um very small
opīniō -ōnis f opinion, expectation, reputa- per-facilis -e very easy
tion per-ferre convey, deliver, bring news
opportūnus -a -um, adv -ē convenient, favorable, suit- perfidia -ae f faithlessness, treachery
able per-fringere -frēgisse -frāctumbreak through
op-primere -pressisse overpower, overwhelm, crush perfuga -ae m deserter, renegade
-pressum per-fugere take refuge (with the enemy)
oppugnātiō -ōnis f attack, assault perfugium -ī n place of refuge
opus -eris n work, effort, defense work perīculum facere make an attempt, try
(opere mūnītus) perītus -a -um (+gen) experienced, expert
opus esse, pl opus sunt be needed per-legere read through
ōrātiō -ōnis f speech, words per-manēre -mānsisse remain, stay
ōrātor -ōris m speaker, envoy per-mittere permit, commit, entrust
orbis -is m circle, ring per-mulcēre -sisse -sum soothe, calm
ōrdō -inis m rank; century (centuria) per-paucī -ae -a very few
prīmī ōrdinēs the 6 centuries of the 1st perpetuum: in p. for ever
cohort, their commanders per-rumpere break through
(senior centurions) per-scrībere write (in full)
ōrnātus -ūs m embellishment per-sequī (bellō) pursue, press
ostendere (verbīs) declare, point out, explain per-sevērāre persist
ostentāre display
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