Climate Change and Adaptation Planning for Ports

319 Pages·2015·3.952 MB·English

by  Adolf K. Y. Ng, Austin Becker, Stephen Cahoon, Shu-Ling Chen, Paul Earl, Zaili Yang

Climate Change and Adaptation
Planning for Ports
As key links in transportation and supply chains, the effect of climate change on
seaports has broad implications for the development prospects of the global
economy. However, the picture is very uncertain because t he impacts of climate
change will be felt very differently around the world, both positively and
negatively. This book addresses the need for quality theoretical analysis, highly
innovative assessment methodologies and insightful empirical global experiences
so as to identify the best international practices, planning and appropriate policies
to effectively adapt to, develop resilience to and, indeed, benefi t from the impacts
posed by climate change on transportation and supply chains.
With contributions from reputable scholars, inter-governmental organizations
and senior professionals in transportation and supply chains coming from fi ve
continents, this book investigates climate change, adaptation strategies and
planning of transportation and supply chains from different angles. It encourages
innovative and effective solutions in developing adaptation measures and
resilience by ports, transportation and supply chains to climate change. This book
will be essential for anyone interested in understanding climate change and its
impacts on transportation and supply chain infrastructures, as well as the effective
ways to adapt to such impacts.
Adolf K. Y. Ng is Professor of Transportation and Supply Chain Management at
the Asper School of Business of the University of Manitoba, Canada.
Austin Becker is Assistant Professor of Coastal Planning, Policy and Design at
the University of Rhode Island (URI), USA.
Stephen Cahoon is the Director of the Sense-T NICTA Logistics Lab at the
University of Tasmania, Australia.
Shu-Ling Chen is Senior Lecturer at the Australian Maritime College of the
University of Tasmania, Australia.
Paul Earl is Senior Scholar at the Asper School of Business of the University of
Manitoba, Canada.
Zaili Yang is Professor of Maritime Transport at Liverpool John Moores
University, UK.
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Hristos Karahalios
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Edited by Athena Roumboutsos
Climate Change and Adaptation Planning for Ports
Edited by Adolf K. Y. Ng, Austin Becker, Stephen Cahoon, Shu-Ling Chen, Paul
Earl and Zaili Yang
Climate Change and
Adaptation Planning for Ports
Edited by Adolf K. Y. Ng, Austin Becker,
Stephen Cahoon, Shu-Ling Chen, Paul
Earl and Zaili Yang
First published 2016
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2016 selection and editorial material, Adolf K. Y. Ng, Austin Becker,
Stephen Cahoon, Shu-Ling Chen, Paul Earl and Zaili Yang; individual
chapters, the contributors
The right of the editors to be identifi ed as the author of the editorial
material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted
in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-138-79790-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-75681-3 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby
Contents
List of fi gures ix
List of tables xiii
About the editors xv
About the contributors xvii
Foreword xxvii
Preface xxix
1 Time to act: The criticality of ports in adapting to the
impacts posed by climate change 1
ADOLF K. Y. NG, AUSTIN BECKER, STEPHEN CAHOON, SHU-LING
CHEN, PAUL EARL AND ZAILI YANG
2 Port adaptation for climate change: The roles of
stakeholders and the planning process 9
STEVEN MESSNER, AUSTIN BECKER AND ADOLF K. Y. NG
3 Analyzing risks posed by climate change on ports: A
fuzzy approach 24
ZAILI YANG, STEPHEN CAHOON, SHU-LING CHEN, ADOLF K. Y. NG
AND AUSTIN BECKER
4 Climate change and adaptation strategies of Canadian
ports and shipping: The case of the St. Lawrence-Great
Lakes system 45
BRIAN SLACK AND CLAUDE COMTOIS
5 Climate change and the adaptation planning of inland
port and rail infrastructures in the province of Manitoba
in Canada 59
TIANNI WANG, SPENCER SAMSOM, ADOLF K. Y. NG AND PAUL EARL
vi Contents
6 The impacts of Hurricane Sandy on the Port of New
York and New Jersey: Lessons learned for port recovery
and resilience 74
TIFFANY C. SMYTHE
7 Climate adaptation of German North Sea ports: The
example of Bremerhaven 89
WINFRIED OSTHORST
8 Port planning and climate change: Evidence from Italy 103
MARIA INÉS CUSANO, CLAUDIO FERRARI AND ALESSIO TEI
9 Adaptation to an increase in typhoon intensity and sea
level rise by Japanese ports 117
MIGUEL ESTEBAN, HIROSHI TAKAGI AND TOMOYA SHIBAYAMA
10 Modeling and evaluation of green port development:
A case study on Tianjin Port 133
DI ZHANG, CHENGPENG WAN AND ZAILI YANG
11 Terminal Maritimo Muelles El Bosque, Cartagena,
Colombia 153
VLADIMIR STENEK, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE AMADO, RICHENDA
CONNELL, OLIVIA PALIN, STEWART WRIGHT, BEN POPE, JOHN
HUNTER, JAMES MCGREGOR, WILL MORGAN, BEN STALEY, RICHARD
WASHINGTON, DIANA LIVERMAN, HOPE SHERWIN, PAUL KAPELUS,
CARLOS ANDRADE AND JOSÉ DANIEL PABÓN
12 Climate change adaptation in the Panama Canal 172
MICHELE ACCIARO
13 The impact of climate change on Australian ports and
supply chains: The emergence of adaptation strategies 194
STEPHEN CAHOON, SHU-LING CHEN, BENJAMIN BROOKS AND
GREG SMITH
14 A decision support toolkit for climate resilient seaports in
the Pacifi c region 215
DARRYN MCEVOY, JANE MULLETT, ALEXEI TRUNDLE, ANDREW
HUNTING, DANIEL KONG AND SUJEEVA SETUNGE
Contents vii
15 Canada’s Arctic shipping challenge: Towards a twenty-
fi rst-century Northwest Passage 232
MICHAEL C. IRCHA AND JOHN HIGGINBOTHAM
16 Arctic transportation and new global supply chain
organizations: The Northern Sea Route in international
economic geography 246
JEROME VERNY
17 The state of climate adaptation for ports and the way
forward 265
AUSTIN BECKER
Index 275
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List of fi gures
2.1 GIS model – example 2050 scenario 12
2.2 PSD adaptation process stakeholders 14
2.3 SLR inundation risk rating 15
2.4 Major elements of the ‘change map’ for port’s adaptation
planning 18
4.1 Average monthly water depths at Montreal, 2007–13 48
5.1 The potential impacts of climate change on the Province of
Manitoba 64
6.1 Map of the Port of New York and New Jersey, featuring
locations of Port Authority marine terminals 75
8.1 Sea-level rise 104
8.2 Actors a nd processes involved in mitigation and adaptation
measures 108
8.3 The Italian port system 109
8.4 Barriers to the current development of adaptation measures 113
9.1 Main ports in the Tokyo area 118
9.2 Potential consequence of land subsidence on port areas 121
9.3 Tetrapod armour units at Ishihama port in Japan 123
9.4 Increase in armour size for Scenario 4 for a variety of signifi cant
wave heights and water depths 125
9.5 Aerial photo showing location of breakwaters at Shibushi port
in the southern part of Japan 126
9.6 Comparison of the expected sliding distances between present
climate and future climate conditions 126
9.7 Expected annual port downtime at different ports in Japan at
present and under two different climate-change scenarios by the
year 2085 128
9.8 Increased estimated required additional real capital stock for all
Japanese ports by the year 2085 129
10.1 Assessment model of green port development 137