Citrus: The Genus Citrus (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles)

657 Pages·2002·26.24 MB·English

by  Giovanni Dugo

Citrus
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles
Individual volu?nes in this series provide both industrq and academia with in-depth coverage of one major
medicinal or aromatic plant of industrial ivzportance.
Edited by Dr Roland Hardman
Volume 1 Volume 14
Valeriaz, edited by Peter J. Houghton Sage, edited by Spiridon E. Kintzios
Volume 2 Volume 15
Perilla, edited by He-ci Yu, Kenichi Ginseng, edited by W.E. Court
Kosuna and Megumi Haga
Volume 16
Vol~~m3 e Mistletoe, edited by Arndt Biissing
Poppj, edited by Jeno Bernith
Volume 17
Volume 4 Tea, edited by Yong-su Zhen
Caiznabis, edited b~7D avid T. Brown
Volume 18
Volume 3
Artemisia, edited by Colin W. Wright
Neem, edited by H.S. Puri
Volume 17
Volume 6
Stevia, edited by A. Douglas ~in~horn
Evgot, edited by Vladimir K'ten
and Ladislav Cvak Volume 20
Vetiveria, edited by Massimo Maffei
Volume 7
Carawaj , edited by ~ vNaem eth Volume 2 1
Narcissus and Daflodil, edited by Gordon R.
Volume 8
Hanks
Saflron, edited by Moshe Negbi
Volume 22
Volume 7
Eucalyptus, edited by John J.W. Coppen
Tea Tree, edited by Ian Southwell
and Robert Lowe Volume 23
Pueraria, edited by Wing Ming Keung
Volume 10
Basil, edited by Raimo Hiltunen Volume 24
and Yvonne Holm Thyme, edited by E. Stahl-Biskup
Volume 11 and F. Siez
Fenugreek, edited by Georgios Petropoulos
Volume 25
Volume 12 Oregano, edited by Spiridon E. Kintzios
GingiFo biloba, edited by Teris A. Van Beek
Volume 26
Volume 13 Citrus, edited by Giovanni Dugo and Angelo
Black Pepper, edited by P.N. Ravindran Di Giacomo
Citrus
The Genus Citrus
Edited by
Giovanni Dugo
University of Messina, Italy
Angelo Di Giacomo
Stazione Sperimentale per l’Industria delle Essenze e dei
Derivati Degli Agrumi, Italy
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants — Industrial Profiles
Boca Raton London New York Singapore
A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the
Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.
First published 2002
by Taylor & Francis
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Taylor & Francis Inc,
29 West 35th Street, Sew York, NY 10001
O 2002 Taylor & Francis
Typeset in Garamond by
Inregra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherrl-, India
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any ~nformations torage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the advice and information in this book
is true and accurate at the time of going to press. However, neither the publisher nor the
authors can accept an)- legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that
may be made. In the case of drug administration, any medical procedure or the use of
technical equipment mentioned within this book, you are strongly advised to consult
the manufacturer's guidelines.
Brtttsh Lzb~arjC atalogzmg in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book 1s available from the British Library
Lzbraq of Co?zgms Cataloging tn Publicatiolz Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0415-28491-0
To my sweet Alice,
daughter of my first born, Paola. She joined us in this world d~lringm y initial approach
to this book and since then she has renewed my enthusiasm, regenerated my energies
and happily occupied my thoughts and my time.
Giovanni Dugo
To my beloved wife Carmen,
a life-time companion.
Angelo Di Giacomo
This page intentionally left blank
Origin and history
I RAXCL\CC) CALARREhE
Botany: taxonomy, morphology and physiology of fruits, leaves and flowers 16
l~silaa1 ORT~Z
Soil and cultural practices
FRAhCFSCO CALABRE\L
Pests and diseases
VITTORIO LO GlilDlCL
Development of the citrus industry: historical note
ANGEL0 111 GJhCOhiO
Flowsheet showing steps in the processing of citrus fruits
ANGEL0 D1 GIACOMO
Citrus juices technology
PABIO CliCPl ALD GILSFPPE RIbPOLL
Essential oil production
AhGELO D1 GlACOhlO A\D G1OVAhhI D1 GIACOhIO
Production of bitter orange neroli and petitgrain oils
LOlllS PEYROh
Production of distilled peel oils
LU15 HARO Gll7\IAN
Citrus by-products
GIAhVlhCLhZO LICA\DRO AhD CARLOS F ODiO
Advanced analytical techniques for the study of citrus oils
LL IGJ hlOhDTI L0 GIOT7Ai\NI ZKPPIA PAOLA DUG0 AUD GIOVAhNI DUG0
v1. 1, 1. Contents
Composition of the volatile fraction of cold-pressed citrus peel oils
GIOVANNI DUGO, AA-TOIUELLA COTRONEO, AKTOKELLA VERZERA
AhD IVANA BONACCORSI
The oil composition of less common Citrus species
BRIAN M. LAWRENCE
The oxygen heterocyclic compounds of citrus essential oils
PAOLA DUGO AXD DAVID lMCHALE
Terpeneless and sesquiterpeneless oils
DAVID MOYLER
Composition of distilled oils
LUIS HARO-GUZ~ZAN
Extracts from the bitter orange flowers (Citrus aurantium L.):
composition and adulteration
LOUIS PEYRON A5D IVAKA BONACCORSI
Composition of petitgrain oils
GIOVAKNI DUGO, LUIGI MOhDELLO AKD IVASA BONACCORSI
The chiral compounds of citrus essential oils
LUIGI MONDELLO, PAOLA DUGO AND GIOVAh-KI DUGO
Adulteration of citrus oils
DAVID MCHALE
Contaminants in citrus essential oils
GIACOMO DUGO AKD GILSEPPA D1 BELLA
The market of citrus oils around the world
ANGEL0 D1 GIACOhIO
Citrus oils in food and beverages: uses and analyses
ENRICO COLOMBO. CLAUDIO GHIZZOh-I AKD DIMITRI CAGNI
Citrus oils in perfumery and cosmetic products
FELIX BUCCELLATO
Legislation of citrus oils
FRIEDRICH GRUSDSCHOBER
Citrus species and their essential oils in traditional medicine
ANTONIO IMBESI AND ANNA DE PASQUALE
The biological activity of citrus oils
GIUSEPPE BISIGNANO AND ANTONELLA SAIJA
Author index
Subject index
Dr Giuseppa Di Bella Dipartimento di Chimica organica e biologica, FacoltB di
-
Scienze MM.FF.NN., Universitii di Messina, Contrada Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Prof. Giuseppe Bisignano Diparrimento Farmaco-biologico, Facolth di Farmacia,
-
UniversitB di Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Dr Ivana Bonaccorsi Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltii di Farmacia,
-
Universitj di Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Dr Felix Buccellato Custom Essence, Inc., 53 Veronica Avenue, Somerset, NY 08873,
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USA.
Dr Dimitri Cagni Fructamine, via Capitani di Mozzo, 12116, 24030 Mozzo (Bergamo),
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Italy.
Prof. Francesco Calabrese Istituto di Coitivazioni Arboree, Facolth di Agraria,
-
Universitii di Palermo, Viale della Scienze, 90168 Palermo, Italy.
Dr Enrico Colombo Fructamine, via Capitani di Mozzo, 12/16, 24030 Mozzo (Bergamo),
-
Italy.
Prof. Antonella Cotroneo Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltii di Farmacia,
-
UniversitB di Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Itaiy.
Dr Fabio Crupi Consultant, Via Natoli, 79, 98123 Messina, Italy.
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Prof. Giacomo Dugo Dipartimento di Chimica organica e biologica, FacoltB di
-
Scienze MM.FF.NN., UniversitB di Messina, Contrada Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Dr Prof. Giovanni Dugo Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltii di Farmacia,
-
UniversitB di Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Dr Paola Dugo Dipartimento di Chimica organica e biologica, Facolth di Scienze
-
MM.FF.NN., UniversitB di Messina, Contrada Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Dr Claudio Ghizzoni Fructamine, via Capitani di Mozzo, 12116, 24030 Mozzo
-
(Bergamo), Italy.
Prof. Angelo Di Giacomo Stazione Sperimentale per 1'Indusrria delle Essenze e dei
-
Derivati degli Agrumi, Via Gen. Tommasini, 2, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
Dr Giovanni Di Giacomo Citrus Vita s.r.l., Z.I.R. diramazione viaria D, Pace del
-
Mela, 98040 Giammoro (ME), Italy.