Chemical Materiel Destruction Agency - Old Chemical Weapons

330 Pages·1997·11.43 MB·English

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U.S, Army
Chemical Materiel Restriction Agency
Old Chemical Weapons:
Munitions Specifkation Report
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September 1994
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FOREWORD
The following pages present detailed information on the characteristics and critical
dimensions for chemical weapons developed during World War I and 11,the Cold War
Era, and interim time periods. Chemical weapons developed by Britain, France,
Germany, Japan, and the United States.
This compilation is intended to aid technically qualified personnel in the identification of
these older munitions, as well as to provide data for decision-makers on methods for
munitions handling and ultimate disposition. The information provided here shlould not
be construed as inclusive of ail possible agent fills, physical characteristics, and
explosive train of each munition. In addition, the authors recognize that munitions
other than those described here were utilized by each of the respective nations in
experimentation or actual production of chemical stockpiles. This document is,
however, based on the best information available at the time of publication. D~ataand
drawings of each munition or series of munitions will vary as a function of the quality
and or quantity of the resource material,
The information used to compile this data is based on historical documents that
describe ammunition development and manufacture, technical manuals, munitions
specifications, and other related sources. Data from various repositories were
reviewed for applicability. These repositories include:
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Ordnance Museum, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
Picatinny Arsenal Museum and Technical Library, Dover, New Jersey
U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command Historical Office,
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
l U.S. Army Chemical School, Ft. McClelian, Alabama
l U.S. Army Technical Escort Unit, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
l U.S. Army Foreign Science and Technology Center, Charlottesville,
Virginia
l U.S. Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal Center, Indian Head, Maryland
l United States National Archives and Records Administration, Suitland,
Maryland
l Ministry of Defence, Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment,
Porton Down, England “
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The data are arranged in a standard format compatible with U.S. Army technical data = .?
sheets prepared for ordnance characteristics. Included on each data sheet are the
following eiements:
l “weapon nomenclature;
l tabulated data, including critical dimensions such as length, diameter,
agent fill, and fill weighlb
l markings on the weapon extefior;
l description of the weapon characteristics;
l explosive train information, including types of fuses, bursters, and
boosters;
l construction and materials used; and
l references associated with the compiled data.
The data sheets are accompanied by drawings of the exterior surface of each
munition, as well as a cutaway drawing that shows interior design components. The
drawings are not to scale, but they represent best available renderings f~r illustration e
purposes only.
This volume is arranged in alphabetical order by country, with the United States last.
Each country section is separate, as indicated by a document tab, with an index to
each munitions sheet listed at the beginning of each section. To the extent possible,
munitions in the World War I and II timeframes are specifically identified on their
applic~ible data sheets; however, ta some extent, the exact development date may be
unknown. Within each countty section, weapons are arranged primarily by size within
the following categories:
l grenades and rockets,
l mortars,
b artillery shells,
‘s aerial bombs and spray tanks,
(D chemical mines, and
* other items. “
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Included in this document are two sections (Acronyms/Abbreviations and Glossary) to “
assist the reader with acronyms, abbreviations, and terms that are used.
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All personnel utiiizing this document are urged to send comments to:
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U.S. Army Chemical Materiel Destruction Agency
Office of the Program Manager for Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel
ATTN: SFIL-NSP
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5401
It is requested that all comments regarding technical discrepancies include
reproductions of the specific portions of the applicable verification documentation,
This will allow revisions to be performed in an efficient and accurate manner.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section - Title Page
FOREWORD i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS’ R:: II RI:IRI :lR:C:R I:; R:l JI:IIJRJ::l:ll vi
ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
GLOSSARY OF TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
1 BRITISH CHEMICAL MUNITIONS . . . . . .o. .,, i . . . . . . . . . . . ..r. 1-1
2 FRENCH CHEMICAL MUNITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
3 GERMAN CHEMICAL MUNITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
4 JAPANESE CHEMICAL MUNITIONS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
5 AMERICAN CHEMICAL MUNITIONS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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The Munitions Specification Package development could not have been possible
without the assistance of many organizations. Special acknowledgement is made to
the following organizations:
b Ordnance Museum, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
l Picatinny Arsenal Museum and Technical Library, Dover, New Jersey
l U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command Historical Otice,
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
l U.S. Army Chemical School, Ft. McClellan, Alabama
8 U.S. Army Technical Escort Unit, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
l U.S. Army Foreign Science and Technology Center, Charlottesville,
Virginia
l US. Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal Center, Indian f-lead, Maryland
l United States National Archives and Records Administration, Suitiand,
Maryland
e Ministry of Defence, Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment,
Potion Down, England
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ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS
AC . hydrogen cyanide
AK hydrocyanic acid (AC) and ethyl iodoacetate
AN-M nomenclature reflecting use by U.S. Army and Navy
Aub Aub for Aubervilliers
B-stoff bromacetone
BA bromacetone (bromoacetone)
BB sulfur mustard
BBC brombenzylcyanide (bromobenzylcyanicle)
BM Berger Mixture
BN-stoff brommethylethyketone
BW/CW biological weapons/chemical weapons
C.W.R.-N chemical warhead rocket - Navy
CA brombenzylcyanide
CBR 50% CG, 50?40arsenic trichloride
cc cyanogen chloride
CG phosgene
CK cyanogen chloride
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CL chlorine (military symbol, not chemical symbol)
cm centimeter
CN chloracetophenone
CNS mixture of CN, PS, and chloroform
co collongite opacite (mixture of CG and stannic chloride)
D.A. direct action (British fuze nomenclature)
DA diphenylchlorarsine
DC diphenylchlorarsine (diphenylcyanarsine in Japanese text)
DESA mustard prepared by sulfur monochioride process
DESAV viscous DESA
DM adamsite
DP diphosgene
ED ethylchlorarsine (dichlorethylarsine in German text)
EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal
FM field manual
FM titanium tetrachloride (smoke)
FS sulphur trioxide (smoke) trioxide-chlorsulfonic acid
G tabun (German nerve agent)
gram
‘Q 9
G1O hydrocyanic acid (AC)
GA tabun plus 20% chlorobenzol
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Gb gelb (German abbreviation for yellow)
GB Sarin (nerve agent)
Gr Grun (German abbreviation for green)
H- mustard
H/B/gel 1, YI 8 50% benzene, 50% HB plus 2.6% by weight of crepe rubber
H/B/gel 2, YI 8A 50% benzene, 50% HB plus 3.9% by weight of crepe rubber
H/L mixture of mustard and Lewisite
H.E. high explosive
HBV mustard plus monochlorobenzene (HM) made viscous with
chlorinated rubber
HBDV mustard plus monochlorobenzene (HM) made viscous with
chlorinated rubber
HCN hydrogen cyanide
HD distilled mustarcl
HL mixture of mustard and Lewisite (Winterlost in German text)
HM mustard plus monochlorobenzene
HMV viscous mustard plus monochlorobenzene
HN (1/2?/3) nitrogen mustard
HS (also BB) sulfur mustard [I-E (mustard gas) was prepared by the sulfur
dichloride process and contained 15% carbon tetrachloride as a
diluent] d@q
HT 60% mustard, 40% vesicant T [ HT (mustard gas) was prepared
by the thiodiglycol process and contained 60% dichlorodiethyl
sulphide and 40?40di-chloroethylthiodiethyi ether]
JBR 50?40hydrogen cyanide (AC), 20% arsenic trichloride, 25%
chloroform
JL 50% hydrogen cyanide (AC) and 5070 chloroform
KSK ethyliodoacetate and ethyl alcohol
KF stannic chloride
kg kilogram
L.C. light case (British bomb nomenclature)
L Lewisite
LACH lachrymatoty
lb pound
Mk Mark (normally British or U.S. Naval weapons model number)
mm millimeter
n.d. no date
N.p. no ptace
n.p. no publisher
NC 80% chloropicrin plus 20% stannic chloride
No, number
...
Vlll
‘d
Oz ounce
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P.cx Pent-de-Claix
PD mixture of phosgene and diphenylchlorarsine
PETN - pentaerythritol tetranitrate (high explosive)
PG 50% chloropicrin, 50?4 phosgene (CG)
Ps chloropicrin
PWP Plasticized white phosphorous
RDX Royal Dutch Explosive (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine or cyclonite;
high explosive)
Ref. reference
Scl Smoke Curtain Installation
SK 75% ethyliodoacetate, 25?40alcohol
T-stoff xylyl bromide
T di-chloroethylthiodiethyl ether
TH thermite
TM technical manual
TNT trinitrotoluene (high explosive)
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USN U.S. Navy
V4 vincennite quarternaire
Vis Vincennes
VN 50% hydrogen cyanide (AC), 30?4 arsenic trichloride, 15% stannic
chloride, 5% chloroform
VN vincennite
Vx persistent nerve gas
WP white phosphorous (smokefincendiaty)
WV/l World War I
Wwll World War II
YI sulfur mustard
Y2 viscous sulfur mustard
Y3 strong vesicant (HT)
Y4 viscous form of HT (HTV)
Y5,Y5A,Y5B,Y5C mustard plus monochlorobenzene (HM)
Y6 viscous mustard plus monochlorobenzene (1-IMV)
Y7 Lewisite
Y9, YN mixture of mustard and Iewisite (HL)
YI o viscous mixture of mustard and Lewisit@ (HLV)
‘ti Y13 HB-mustard from the sulfur dichloride process, CC14 remcwed by
stripping and monochlorobenzene added; made viscous with
chlorinated rubber
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Y14 mustard plus mc)nochlorobenzene (HM) made viscous with
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chlorinated rubber
Y15 mustard prepared by sulfur monochloride process
YI 6 viscous DESA
Yc yperite dissolved in monochlorobenzene
Yp mixture of dichlarodiethyl sulfide and carbon tetrachloride
Yt yperite dissolvecj in carbon tetrachloride
m. -=
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