Biodiversity: Threats and Conservation

513 Pages·2022·26.27 MB·English

by  R. C. Sobti

Biodiversity
The term “biodiversity” or “biological diversity” describes the variety of living beings on Earth
encompassing microorganisms, plants, animals, and ecosystems, such as coral reefs, forests, and deserts.
In fact, it also represents a wealth of biological resources available to us.
Today, instead of exploring and preserving its unmapped biodiversity, mankind has gone away from
mother nature, conquering the domain through relentless exploitation. This has resulted in an ecological
imbalance and thereby has posed serious threat to biodiversity.
Declining biodiversity is, therefore, a concern for countless reasons. Biodiversity’s wealth of genetic
information can be conserved by storing biological material from endangered species. Cell lines,
gametes, and embryos are preserved so that in case a species becomes extinct or there is a need to
increase the population of the species, then cloning and artifcial reproductive techniques can be used to
revive and reproduce the said species.
The present volume discusses the biodiversity of specifc animal groups, such as cnidarians and fsh,
as well as potential risks to and methods for conserving some of them.
The following important aspects are addressed:
1. The importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem balance for sustainability
2. The emerging role of biodiversity as a source of important materials, pharmaceuticals, food,
and so on as such or through genetic manipulation to meet the contemporary and future
challenges
3. The impact of environment degradation on biodiversity and conservation in a changing
environment
4. Conventional and emerging biotechnological techniques to conserve biodiversity
The book is intended for academics, scientists, and naturalists working in the felds of biology,
biochemistry, biophysics, and biomedical sciences.
Translating Animal Science Research
Series Editor
RC Sobti, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Biodiversity: Threats and Conservation
RC Sobti
Environmental Studies and Climate Change
RC Sobti, S.K. Malhotra, Kamal Jaiswal, and Sanjeev Puri
Genomics, Proteomics and Biotechnology
RC Sobti, Manishi Mukesh, and Aastha Sobti
Biomedical Research, Medicine and Disease
RC Sobti and Aastha Sobti
For more information, visit webpage: www.routledge.com/Translating-Animal-Science-Research/
book-series/TASR
Biodiversity
Threats and Conservation
Edited by RC Sobti
Boca Raton London New York
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First edition published 2023
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© 2023 selection and editorial matter, RC Sobti; individual chapters, the contributors
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Sobti, R. C., editor.
Title: Biodiversity : threats and conservation / edited by R.C. Sobti.
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2023. | Series: Translating animal science research |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifers: LCCN 2022023844 | ISBN 9781032115443 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032115474 (paperback) |
ISBN 9781003220398 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Biodiversity.
Classifcation: LCC QH541.15.B56 B563 2023 | DDC 333.95—dc23/eng/20220831
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022023844
ISBN: 978-1-032-11544-3 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-11547-4 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-22039-8 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003220398
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by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Contents
Editor Bio.................................................................................................................................................. ix
List of Contributors................................................................................................................................... xi
1. Biodiversity: Threats and Conservation Strategies...................................................................... 1
Ranbir Chander Sobti, Manish Thakur, Tejinder Kaur, and Suman Mishra
2. Resilience Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation ................................................................... 15
Anu Priya Minhas, Sanjeev Puri, and Ranbir Chander Sobti
3. Biodiversity Resources and Ecosystem Services in the Context of the
Industrialized World...................................................................................................................... 23
Pardeep Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, Meenu Patil, Sabir Hussain, Sheenu Sharma,
Siril Singh, Rajni Yadav, Diksha Tokas, and Anand Narain Singh
4. Extremophilic Diversity and Climate Change .............................................................................41
Amrita Kumari Panda, Rojita Mishra, Rashi Miglani, Seeta Dewali, Ankit Kumar,
Shikha Bora, and Satpal Singh Bisht
5. Coral Reef Biodiversity—Threats and Management ................................................................. 55
Dhanya M. S. and Jignesh M. E.
6. Brachyuran Crab Diversity of Mangroves of Kochi, Kerala: An Overlooked and
Threatened Face of Urban Biodiversity ....................................................................................... 73
Elizabeth V. Mathew, Sana K. A., and Niladevi K. N.
7. Glimpses of the Freshwater Zooplankton Biodiversity and Conservation in the
Wetlands of Kerala: A Review ...................................................................................................... 81
Anju Kaushal
8. New Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Aqua Production............................................... 97
Rikhi S. Chauhan and Ashutosh Mishra
9. Biodiversity and Conservation of Sheep Genetic Resources in Jammu and Kashmir ............. 113
Syed Shanaz, Tufail Banday, Shahana Riyaz Tramboo, and Mubashir
10. Fish Biodiversity of Jammu and Kashmir and Conservation Measures.................................131
Masood H. Balkhi and Farooz Ahmad Bhat
11. Biodiversity and Conservation Status of Indigenous Livestock of India.................................143
Karan Veer Singh
12. Silkworm Biodiversity, Conservation, Threats, and Sustainable Utilization in
Indian Subcontinent..................................................................................................................... 157
Dandin S. B. and Nagesh Prabhu
v
vi Contents
13. Status, Conservation, and Economic Importance of Oak Tasar Silkworm,
Antheraea Proylei (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in the Western Himalayan
Region of India ............................................................................................................................. 193
P. C. Joshi, Pashupati Nath, Namita Joshi, and Induja Mishra
14. The Cnidarian Journey of Myxozoa........................................................................................... 209
Harpreet Kaur, Aditya Gupta, and Prabhjot Kaur
15. Evolutionary Journey of Experimental Animal Models: Contribution for
Understanding Life Phenomenon ............................................................................................... 221
Gurfateh Singh, Ramica Sharma, and Parvinder Singh
16. Animals: Pioneers or Victims of Experimental Biology?..........................................................231
Anuradha Sharma, Indu Sharma, and Ranbir Chander Sobti
17. Understanding of Adaptive Response: A Study from Animal Systems .................................. 243
V. Vasudev and H. P. Gurushankara
18. Seasonal Abundance, Status, and Diversity of Hymenopterans
(Insecta: Hymenoptera) in a Protected Landscape .................................................................. 283
Manoj Kumar Arya, Hem Chandra, Surabhi Bisht, and Aman Verma
19. Application of Molecular Phylogeny for the Identifcation of Species .................................... 295
Archana Chauhan, Phuntsog Dolma, Ahmad Ali, Anuragini Kadwalia,
and Ranbir Chander Sobti
20. In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer.............................................................................. 309
Mani Chopra, Muskan Budhwar, Madhu Sharma, and Ranbir Chandra Sobti
21. Erythrocytes as an Indicator of Diseases in a Freshwater Catfsh
Heteropnuetes Fossilis (Bloch.) ................................................................................................... 325
B. D. Joshi, Induja Mishra, Namita Joshi, and Pashupati Nath
22. Insects as Forensic Indicators and Their Utility in Crime Investigation ................................331
Madhu Bala and Anika Sharma
23. Potential Applications of Animal-Friendly Affnity Reagents in Forensics........................... 345
Jagdish Rai
24. Biomimetics Approach of Biodiversity through Interventions of Bio-Designing
and Technology............................................................................................................................. 359
Rashmi Srivastava, Anita Yadav, Neeshma Jaiswal, Anshika Yadav,
Sandeep K. Malhotra, Suman Mishra, and Ranbir Chander Sobti
25. Biodiversity for Sustainable Development ................................................................................. 369
Mehreen Manzoor Gora, M. R. Mir, Shaista Mehraj, R. K. Sharma, Aadil Hussain,
Naveena Nazim, and I. L. Khan
26. Health and Helminths: Revisiting the Paradigm of Host-Parasite Relationship....................381
Abdur Rehman and S. M. A. Abidi
Contents vii
27. Physical Growth of Cephalo-Facial Region in Adolescents—a Study from
Himachal Pradesh, India............................................................................................................. 399
Kewal Krishan, Bahadur Singh, Kawaljit Kaur, Raj Kumar, and Tanuj Kanchan
28. Human-Animal Coexistence and Conficts—a Gateway to the Zoonotic Infections .............415
Tejinder Kaur, Manish Thakur, and Ranbir Chander Sobti
29. A Solution to Healthy Living in Relation to Vector-Borne Encephalitis ................................ 423
Goutam Chandra and Sunanda Burman
30. Helminthiasis in a Tropical Environment in Immunomodulatory Role Regulating
Dynamics of COVID-19 Infections..............................................................................................435
Anita Yadav, Neerja Kapoor, Shivji Malviya, and Sandeep K. Malhotra
31. Women as an Edifce of Nation-Building: A Futuristic Approach.......................................... 447
Neeshma Jaiswal, Abhishek K. Gupta, Reshu, Shivani Singh, and Rashmi Srivastava
32. New Dimensions of Self-Employment for Sustainability ...........................................................455
Ranbir Chander Sobti, Ram Kumar, and Anudeep
Index ...................................................................................................................................................... 467

Editor Bio
Ranbir Chander Sobti, the former vice chancellor of Panjab University, Chandigarh, and Babasaheb
Bhimrao Ambedkar University (Central University), Lucknow, is a scientist, an able administrator, and
dynamic institution builder.
He has published more than 300 papers in the journals of national and international repute, such
as Mutation Research, Carcinogenesis, Archives of Toxicology, Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics,
Molecular Cell Biochemistry, and PLOS ONE, to name a few. He has also published more than 50 books
by international publishers, such as Springers, Academic Press, CRC, Elsevier, and others.
He is a fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences India, Indian
National Science Academy, National Academy of Medical Sciences, National Academy of Agricultural
Sciences Canadian Academy of Cardiovascular Diseases, and a few others. He was the general president
of Indian Science Congress for the 102nd session held at University of Jammu in 2013. Dr. Sobti is the
recipient of many prestigious awards, such as the INSA Young Scientist Medal, UGC Career Award,
Punjab Rattan Award, JC Bose Oration and Sriram Oration Awards, and Lifetime Achievement Awards
of the Punjab Academy of Sciences, Zoological Society of India, and the Environment Academy of
India, besides many other medals and awards at the national and international levels.
ix