Before Ontario: The Archaeology of a Province

261 Pages·2013·18.965 MB·English

by  Marit K. Munson, Susan M. Jamieson

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BE FO R E O NTA R I O
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McGill-Queen’s Native and Northern Series
(In memory of Bruce G. Trigger)
Sarah Carter and Arthur J. Ray, Editors
1 When the Whalers Were Up North 12 From Talking Chiefs to a Native
Inuit Memories from the Eastern Arctic Corporate Elite
Dorothy Harley Eber The Birth of Class and Nationalism among
Canadian Inuit
2 The Challenge of Arctic Shipping
Marybelle Mitchell
Science, Environmental Assessment,
and Human Values 13 Cold Comfort
Edited by David L. VanderZwaag My Love Affair with the Arctic
and Cynthia Lamson Graham W. Rowley
3 Lost Harvests 14 The True Spirit and Original Intent
Prairie Indian Reserve Farmers and of Treaty 7
Government Policy Treaty 7 Elders and Tribal Council with
Sarah Carter Walter Hildebrandt, Dorothy First Rider,
and Sarah Carter
4 Native Liberty, Crown Sovereignty
The Existing Aboriginal Right of 15 This Distant and Unsurveyed Country
Self-Government in Canada A Woman’s Winter at Baffin Island,
Bruce Clark 1857–1858
W. Gillies Ross
5 Unravelling the Franklin Mystery
Inuit Testimony 16 Images of Justice
David C. Woodman Dorothy Harley Eber
6 Otter Skins, Boston Ships, and China Goods 17 Capturing Women
The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest The Manipulation of Cultural Imagery
Coast, 1785–1841 in Canada’s Prairie West
James R. Gibson Sarah A. Carter
7 From Wooden Ploughs to Welfare 18 Social and Environmental Impacts of the
The Story of the Western Reserves James Bay Hydroelectric Project
Helen Buckley Edited by James F. Hornig
19 Saqiyuq
8 In Business for Ourselves
Stories from the Lives of Three Inuit Women
Northern Entrepreneurs
Nancy Wachowich in collaboration with
Wanda A. Wuttunee
Apphia Agalakti Awa, Rhoda Kaukjak
9 For an Amerindian Autohistory Katsak, and Sandra Pikujak Katsak
An Essay on the Foundations of
20 Justice in Paradise
a Social Ethic
Bruce Clark
Georges E. Sioui
21 Aboriginal Rights and Self-Government
10 Strangers Among Us
The Canadian and Mexican Experience
David Woodman
in North American Perspective
11 When the North Was Red Edited by Curtis Cook and Juan D. Lindau
Aboriginal Education in Soviet Siberia
22 Harvest of Souls
Dennis A. Bartels and Alice L. Bartels
The Jesuit Missions and Colonialism
in North America, 1632–1650
Carole Blackburn
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23 Bounty and Benevolence 36 Uqalurait
A History of Saskatchewan Treaties An Oral History of Nunavut
Arthur J. Ray, Jim Miller, and Frank Tough Compiled and edited by John Bennett and
Susan Rowley
24 The People of Denendeh
Ethnohistory of the Indians of Canada’s 37 Living Rhythms
Northwest Territories Lessons in Aboriginal Economic Resilience
June Helm and Vision
Wanda Wuttunee
25 The MarshallDecision and Native Rights
Ken Coates 38 The Making of an Explorer
George Hubert Wilkins and the Canadian
26 The Flying Tiger
Arctic Expedition, 1913–1916
Women Shamans and Storytellers
Stuart E. Jenness
of the Amur
Kira Van Deusen 39 Chee Chee
A Study of Aboriginal Suicide
27 Alone in Silence
Alvin Evans
European Women in the Canadian North
before 1940 40 Strange Things Done
Barbara E. Kelcey Murder in Yukon History
Ken S. Coates and William R. Morrison
28 The Arctic Voyages of Martin Frobisher
An Elizabethan Adventure 41 Healing through Art
Robert McGhee Ritualized Space and Cree Identity
Nadia Ferrara
29 Northern Experience and the Myths
of Canadian Culture 42 Coyote and Raven Go Canoeing
Renée Hulan Coming Home to the Village
Peter Cole
30 The White Man’s Gonna Getcha
The Colonial Challenge to the Crees 43 Something New in the Air
in Quebec The Story of First Peoples Television
Toby Morantz Broadcasting in Canada
Lorna Roth
31 The Heavens Are Changing
Nineteenth-Century Protestant Missions 44 Listening to Old Woman Speak
and Tsimshian Christianity Natives and Alternatives in
Susan Neylan Canadian Literature
Laura Smyth Groening
32 Arctic Migrants/Arctic Villagers
The Transformation of Inuit Settlement 45 Robert and Francis Flaherty
in the Central Arctic A Documentary Life, 1883–1922
David Damas Robert J. Christopher
33 Arctic Justice 46 Talking in Context
On Trial for Murder –Pond Inlet, 1923 Language and Identity in
Shelagh D. Grant Kwakwaka’wakw Society
Anne Marie Goodfellow
34 The American Empire and the Fourth World
Anthony J. Hall 47 Tecumseh’s Bones
Guy St-Denis
35 Eighteenth-Century Naturalists
of Hudson Bay 48 Constructing Colonial Discourse
Stuart Houston, Tim Ball, and Captain Cook at Nootka Sound
Mary Houston Noel Elizabeth Currie
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49 The Hollow Tree 62 Earth into Property
Fighting Addiction with Traditional Healing Aboriginal History and the Making
Herb Nabigon of Global Capitalism
Anthony J. Hall
50 The Return of Caribou to Ungava
A.T. Bergerud, Stuart Luttich, and 63 Collections and Objections
Lodewijk Camps Aboriginal Material Culture in Southern
Ontario, 1791–1914
51 Firekeepers of the Twenty-First Century
Michelle A. Hamilton
First Nations Women Chiefs
Cora J. Voyageur 64 These Mysterious People
Shaping History and Archaeology
52 Isuma
in a Northwest Coast Community
Inuit Video Art
Susan Roy
Michael Robert Evans
65 Telling It to the Judge
53 Outside Looking In
Taking Native History to Court
Viewing First Nations Peoples in Canadian
Arthur J. Ray
Dramatic Television Series
Mary Jane Miller 66 Aboriginal Music in Contemporary Canada
Echoes and Exchanges
54 Kiviuq
Edited by Anna Hoefnagels and
An Inuit Hero and His Siberian Cousins
Beverley Diamond
Kira Van Deusen
67 In Twilight and in Dawn
55 Native Peoples and Water Rights
A Biography of Diamond Jenness
Irrigation, Dams, and the Law in
Barnett Richling
Western Canada
Kenichi Matsui 68 Women’s Work, Women’s Art
Nineteenth-Century Northern Athapaskan
56 The Rediscovered Self
Clothing
Indigenous Identity and Cultural Justice
Judy Thompson
Ronald Niezen
69 Warriors of the Plains
57 As affecting the fate of my absent husband
The Arts of Plains Indian Warfare
Selected Letters of Lady Franklin Concerning
Max Carocci
the Search for the Lost Franklin Expedition,
1848–1860 70 Reclaiming Indigenous Planning
Edited by Erika Behrisch Elce Edited by Ryan Walker, Ted Jojola,
and David Natcher
58 The Language of the Inuit
Syntax, Semantics, and Society in the Arctic 71 Setting All the Captives Free
Louis-Jacques Dorais Capture, Adjustment, and Recollection
in Allegheny Country
59 Inuit Shamanism and Christianity
Ian K. Steele
Transitions and Transformations in the
Twentieth Century 72 Before Ontario
Frédéric B. Laugrand and Jarich G. Oosten The Archaeology of a Province
Edited by Marit K. Munson and
60 No Place for Fairness
Susan M. Jamieson
Indigenous Land Rights and Policy in the
Bear Island Case and Beyond
David T. McNab
61 Aleut Identity
Tradition and Modernity in an
Indigenous Fishery
Katherine L. Reedy-Mascher
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Edited by
Marit K. Munson and Susan M. Jamieson
B E F O R E O N T A R I O
The
Archaeology
of a Province
McGill-Queen’s University Press Montreal & Kingston • London • Ithaca
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©McGill-Queen’s University Press 2013
isbn978-0-7735-4207-5(cloth)
isbn978-0-7735-4208-2(paper)
isbn978-0-7735-8919-3(epdf)
isbn978-0-7735-8920-9(epub)
Legal deposit fourth quarter 2013
Bibliothèque nationale du Québec
Printed in Canada on acid-free paper
McGill-Queen’s University Press acknowledges the support of the Canada
Council for the Arts for our publishing program.We also acknowledge the
financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book
Fund for our publishing activities.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Before Ontario : the archaeology of a province / edited
by Marit K. Munson and Susan M. Jamieson.
(McGill-Queen’s native and northern series ; 72)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
isbn978-0-7735-4207-5(bound).–isbn978-0-7735-4208-2(pbk.).–
isbn978-0-7735-8919-3(epdf).–isbn978-0-7735-8920-9(epub)
1. Ontario—Antiquities. I. Munson, Marit K, editor of
compilation II. Jamieson, Susan M, editor of compilation
III. Series: McGill-Queen’s native and northern series ; 72
fc3066.b43 2013 971.3’01 c2013-903962-7
c2013-903963-5
This book was designed and typeset by studio oneonone in Sabon 10/14
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In memory of Cath Oberholtzer, 1940–2012
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Contents
Figures • xi
Sidebars • xv
Acknowledgments • xvii
Introduction: Seeing Ontario’s Past Archaeologically • 3
Neal Ferris
Part I A Land before Ontario
1 Water and Land • 24
Andrew M. Stewart
2 Before Pottery: Paleoindian and Archaic Hunter-Gatherers • 35
Christopher J. Ellis
3 The Woodland Period, 900 bce to 1700ce • 48
Ronald F. Williamson
4 The Aboriginal Population of Ontario in Late Prehistory • 62
Gary Warrick
5 A World Apart? Ontario’s Canadian Shield • 77
Scott Hamilton
Part II Telling Archaeological Stories
6 Place, Space,and Dwelling in the Late Woodland • 99
Neal Ferris
7 Animals and Archaeologists • 112
Suzanne Needs-Howarth