Art Therapy To Improve The Relationship Between Caregiver And Spouses With Alzheimer's Disease

107 Pages·2015·3.62 MB·English

by  Nola Katherine Freeman

Florida State University Libraries
Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School
2012
Art Therapy to Improve the Relationship
Between Caregivers and Spouses with
Alzheimer's Disease
Nola K. Freeman
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THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF VISUAL ARTS, THEATRE, AND DANCE

ART THERAPY TO IMPROVE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAREGIVERS AND
SPOUSES WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

By

NOLA K. FREEMAN

A Thesis submitted to the
Department of Art Education
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
Master of Science

Degree Awarded:
Summer Semester, 2012
Nola K Freeman defended this thesis on June 27, 2012.

The members of the supervisory committee were:

Marcia Rosal
Professor Directing Thesis

David Gussak
Committee Member

Tom Anderson
Committee Member

The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and
certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements.

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This thesis is dedicated to my grandmother, Nina F. Cohen, with love.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to acknowledge my parents for being my biggest supporters. I would also
like to acknowledge my professors at Florida State University, Dr. David Gussak, Dr. Marcia
Rosal, and Dr. Carolyn Brown Treadon for teaching me to value research. I would like to give a
special thank Dr. Marcia Rosal for serving as the chair of my committee and guiding me through
the thesis process. Additionally, I am very grateful to the couples that participated in the study.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii
List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii
Abstract ............................................................................................................................................x
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................1
Purpose ...........................................................................................................................1
Justification ....................................................................................................................2
Research Statement and Hypothesis ..............................................................................3
Definition of Terms........................................................................................................3
Brief Overview...............................................................................................................5
Summary ........................................................................................................................5
2. LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................................................................................7
Alzheimer’s Disease ......................................................................................................7
Art Therapy and Alzheimer’s Disease .........................................................................10
The Caregiving Relationship .......................................................................................11
Theories of Treatment ..................................................................................................14
Art Therapy with Couples ............................................................................................17
Importance of Art Therapy Services ............................................................................19
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................20
3. METHOD .................................................................................................................................21
Research Design...........................................................................................................21
Participants ...................................................................................................................22
Instrumentation ............................................................................................................22
Procedure .....................................................................................................................23
Internal Validity ...........................................................................................................25
External Validity ..........................................................................................................25
Data Analysis ...............................................................................................................25
Limitations/Implications ..............................................................................................26
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................26
4. RESULTS .................................................................................................................................28
Qualitative Analysis of Case I .....................................................................................28
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Quantitative Analysis of Case I ...................................................................................44
Quantitative and Qualitative Relationship in Case I ....................................................48
Case I Conclusion ........................................................................................................49
Analysis of Case II .......................................................................................................50
Case II Conclusion .......................................................................................................66
Case I and Case II Joint Analysis ................................................................................66
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................71
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................73
Method .........................................................................................................................73
Results ..........................................................................................................................73
Limitations ...................................................................................................................75
Findings as Related to Literature .................................................................................75
Clinical and Research Implications .............................................................................76
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................79
APPENDIX A- INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD (IRB) APPROVAL LETTER ...............81
APPENDIX B-LETTER OF SUPPORT .......................................................................................83
APPENDIX C- CAREGIVER CONSENT FORM .......................................................................84
APPENDIX D-COMPETENT PARTICPANT CONSENT FORM .............................................86
APPENDIX E-POWER OF ATTORNEY CONSENT FORM.....................................................88
APPENDIX F- ASSENT FORM ...................................................................................................90
APPENDIX G- ART THERAPY CONSENT FORM ..................................................................91
APPENDIX H- THE MUTUALITY SCALE OF THE FAMILY CARE INVENTORY ............92
APPENDIX I- DAILY LOG OF POSITIVE INTERACTIONS ..................................................93
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................94
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .........................................................................................................97

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Case I Log of Positive Interactions Categorized by Theme ...........................................43

Table 2. Case I Mean Values of Baseline and Intervention Periods .............................................46

Table 3. Case II Log of Positive Interactions Categorized by Theme ..........................................64

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1. Drawing 1, scribble chase with L as leader. ...............................................................30

Figure 4.2. Drawing 2, collaborative drawing created from scribble chase .................................31

Figure 4.3. Drawing 3, collaborative still life ...............................................................................31

Figure 4.4. Salt dough pounded by L ............................................................................................34

Figure 4.5. L’s line and circle created using salt dough ...............................................................34

Figure 4.6. L and M’s collaborative volcano using salt dough .....................................................35

Figure 4.7. L and M’s collaborative rabbit using salt dough ........................................................35

Figure 4.8. L’s fine art card selection ...........................................................................................37

Figure 4.9. M’s fine art card selection ..........................................................................................37

Figure 4.10. L and M’s final art card piece ...................................................................................38

Figure 4.11. Graph of daily positive interactions .........................................................................45

Figure 4.12. Trend lines of baseline and intervention periods ......................................................46

Figure 4.13. Trend lines of baseline period and three intervention periods .................................47

Figure 4.14. Relative Frequency from baseline to intervention period ........................................48

Figure 4.15. Drawing 1, scribble chase with B leading ................................................................52

Figure 4.16. Drawing 2, scribble chase with N leading ................................................................53

Figure 4.17. Drawing 3, collaborative drawing ............................................................................54

Figure 4.18. Drawing 4, collaborative drawing ............................................................................54

Figure 4.19. B’s salt dough and food coloring creation ................................................................56

Figure 4.20. N’s salt dough and food coloring creation ...............................................................56

Figure 4.21. B and N’s collaborative “wiener” .............................................................................57

Figure 4.22. B and N’s finished salt dough creation.....................................................................57

Figure 4.23. B’s chosen fine art cards...........................................................................................59
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Figure 4.24. N’s chosen fine art cards ..........................................................................................59

Figure 4.25. B and N’s collaborative collage of fine art cards .....................................................60

Figure 4.26. B and N’s completed collaborative collage of fine art cards....................................60

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