Table Of ContentDRAMROO
Applied Surgical Physiology
Vivas
DRAMROO
DRAMROO
Applied Surgical Physiology Vivas
Mazyar Kanani BSc (Hons) MBBS (Hons) MRCS (Eng)
British Heart Foundation
Paediatric Cardiothoracic Clinical Research Fellow
Cardiac Unit
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children
London, UK
Martin Elliott MD FRCS
Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon
Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Director of Transplantation and Tracheal Services
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children
London, UK
DRAMROO
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , UK
First published in print format
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© Greenwich Medical Media Limited 2004
2005
Information on this title: www.cambridg e.org /9780521683203
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Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
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DRAMROO
CONTENTS
List of Abbreviations
vii
Preface
xi
A Change in Posture
1
Acid-Base
4
Action Potentials
8
Adrenal Cortex I
13
Adrenal Cortex II – Clinical Disorders
16
Adrenal Medulla
19
Arterial Pressure
23
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
25
Carbon Dioxide Transport
29
Cardiac Cycle
33
Cardiac Output (CO)
37
Cell Signalling
40
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Cerebral Blood Flow
44
Colon
47
Control of Ventilation
50
Coronary Circulation
55
Fetal Circulation
59
Glomerular Filtration and Renal Clearance
61
Immobilization
65
Liver
67
Mechanics of Breathing I – Ventilation
71
Mechanics of Breathing II – Respiratory Cycle
73
Mechanics of Breathing III – Compliance and Elastance
76
Mechanics of Breathing IV – Airway Resistance
80
Microcirculation I
84
APPLIED SURGICAL PHYSIOLOGY VIVAS
CONTENTS
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CONTENTS
Microcirculation II
87
Micturition
89
Motor Control
92
Muscle I – Skeletal and Smooth Muscle
97
Muscle II – Cardiac Muscle
102
Nutrition: Basic Concepts
108
Pancreas I – Endocrine Functions
111
Pancreas II – Exocrine Functions
115
Potassium Balance
119
Proximal Tubule and Loop of Henle
121
Pulmonary Blood Flow
125
Renal Blood Flow (RBF)
130
Respiratory Function Tests
133
Small Intestine
137
Sodium Balance
139
Sodium and Water Balance
141
Starvation
145
Stomach I
148
Stomach II – Applied Physiology
152
Swallowing
155
Synapses I – The Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
158
Synapses II – Muscarinic Pharmacology
161
Synapses III – Nicotinic Pharmacology
164
Thyroid Gland
167
Valsalva Manoeuvre
170
Venous Pressure
172
Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships
174
APPLIED SURGICAL PHYSIOLOGY VIVAS
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vi
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ACh
Acetylcholine
AChE
Acetylcholinesterase
ACTH
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
ALT
Alanine aminotransferase
ANP
Atrial natriuretic peptide
ANS
Autonomic nervous system
APTT
Activated partial thromboplastin time
ARDS
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
AST
Aspartate aminotransferase
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
AV
Atrioventricular
AVP
Arginine vasopressin
BBB
Blood-brain barrier
BMR
Basal metabolic rate
BP
Blood pressure
cAMP
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CAT
Choline acetyl transferase
CBF
Coronary blood flow
CCK
Cholecystokinin
cGMP
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CNS
Central nervous system
CO
Cardiac output
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP
Continuous positive airway pressure
CRTZ
Chemoreceptor trigger zone
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
CVP
Central venous pressure
DAG
Diacylglycerol
DCT
Distal convoluted tubule
DHEA
Dehydroepiandrosterone
DOPA
Dihydroxyphenylalanine
ECF
Extracellular fluid
APPLIED SURGICAL PHYSIOLOGY VIVAS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
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DRAMROO
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ECG/EKG
Electrocardiogram
EGF
Epidermal growth factor
EPSP
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
ERV
Expiratory reserve volume
FiO2
Fraction of inspired oxygen
FEV
Forced expiratory volume
FFA
Free fatty acid
FRC
Functional residual capacity
FVC
Force vital capacity
GDP
Guanosine diphosphate
GFR
Glomerular filtration rate
GTP
Guanosine triphosphate
HCT
Haematocrit
IC
Inspiratory capacity
ICF
Intracellular fluid
IP2
Inositol diphosphate
IP3
Inositol triphosphate
IPSP
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
IRV
Inspiratory reserve volume
IVC
Inferior vena cava
MAP
Mean arterial pressure
MEN
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
MI
Myocardial infarction
NMJ
Neuromuscular junction
NO
Nitric oxide
PAH
Para-aminohippuric acid
PAP
Pulmonary artery pressure
PCT
Proximal convoluted tubule
PDGF
Platelet-derived growth factor
PNS
Parasympathetic nervous system
PT
Prothrombin time
PVR
Pulmonary vascular resistance
R-A-A
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
RBF
Renal blood flow
RES
Reticuloendothelial system
RPF
Renal plasma flow
APPLIED SURGICAL PHYSIOLOGY VIVAS
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RV
Residual volume
SA
Sinoatrial
SIADH
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH
SLE
Systemic lupus erythematosus
SNS
Sympathetic nervous system
SR
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
SVR
Systemic vascular resistance
TCA
Tricarboxylic acid
TLC
Total lung capacity
TLV
Total lung volume
TSH
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
TV
Tidal volume
VC
Vital capacity
V/Q
Ventilation/perfusion ratio
APPLIED SURGICAL PHYSIOLOGY VIVAS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
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ix
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