Alcohol Abuse and Liver Disease

270 Pages·2015·4.88 MB·English

by  Andrea DiMartini

Alcohol abuse and liver disease

Alcohol abuse and
liver disease
EditEd by
James Neuberger MD, FRCP
Honorary Consultant
Liver Unit
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
birmingham, UK
Associate Medical director
Organ donation and transplantation
NHS blood and transplant
bristol, UK
Andrea DiMartini MD
Associate Professor of Psychiatry
Associate Professor of Surgery
Medical director, Psychosomatic Medicine transplant Program
Starzl transplant institute
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
this edition first published 2015 © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Alcohol abuse and liver disease / editors, James Neuberger, Andrea diMartini.
p. ; cm.
includes bibliographical references and index.
iSbN 978-1-118-88728-8 (cloth)
i. Neuberger, James, editor. ii. diMartini, Andrea F., editor.
[dNLM: 1. Alcoholism–complications. 2. Liver diseases, Alcoholic–etiology. 3. Alcoholism–diagnosis.
4. Liver diseases, Alcoholic–therapy. Wi 700]
RC565
616.86′1–dc23
2015007953
A catalogue record for this book is available from the british Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not
be available in electronic books.
Cover image:
• istockphotos/microscopic section of liver tissue
http://www.istockphoto.com/photo/microscopic-section-of-liver-tissue-38560162
04-14-14 © defun
• istockphotos/Alcholism
http://www.istockphoto.com/photo/alcholism-3055888
03-17-07 © nico_blue
Set in 8.5/12pt Meridien by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, india
1 2015
Contents
List of Contributors, vii 13 Biochemical determination of alcohol
consumption, 113
Preface, xi
Friedrich Martin Wurst, Natasha Thon, Wolfgang
1 Epidemiology of alcohol use, 1
Weinmann, Michel Yegles, Jessica Wong, and Ulrich W. Preuss
Ian Gilmore and William Gilmore
14 The role of histology, 123
2 Epidemiology of alcohol‐related liver disease, 11
Desley A.H. Neil
Ed Britton and Martin Lombard
15 General assessment and management, 135
3 Alcoholism: diagnosis and natural history
Patrizia Burra and Giacomo Germani
in the context of medical disease, 23
16 Brief alcohol interventions, 147
Thomas P. Beresford, Narin Wongngamnit,
and Benjamin A. Temple Stephanie Scott and Eileen Kaner
4 Alcohol and other substance misuse, 35 17 Alcohol withdrawal syndrome:
diagnosis and treatment, 155
John B. Saunders
Julie Taub and Thomas P. Beresford
5 Risk factors for alcohol‐related liver disease, 47
18 Psychosocial treatments of alcohol
Stuart Kendrick and Chris Day
use disorders, 165
6 Mechanisms of alcohol toxicity, 55
Terry D. Schneekloth
Guruprasad P. Aithal and Jane I. Grove
19 Pharmacologic interventions, 175
7 Extrahepatic manifestations
Renata Yang and Marian Fireman
of alcohol excess, 65
20 Treatment of extrahepatic manifestations
Karl‐Heinz Schulz, Sandra van Eckert,
of alcohol abuse, 187
and Jens Reimer
Joaquim Fernández‐Solà
8 Patterns of alcohol‐associated liver damage, 79
21 Treatment of liver disease, 197
Peter Hayes and Michael Williams
James Neuberger
9 Cofactors and alcohol‐related liver disease, 87
22 Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis, 203
John G. O’Grady
Mark Thursz and Stephen Atkinson
10 Impact of alcohol and liver disease
on prescribing, 91 23 Liver transplantation in people with
alcohol‐related liver disease, 215
Richard Parker and Amanda Smith
Santiago Tomé and Michael R. Lucey
11 Psychiatric examination of liver transplant
patients with alcohol use disorders, 99 24 Future directions: the need for early
identification and intervention for patients
Robert M. Weinrieb and Omair Abbasi
with excessive alcohol use, 223
12 Abnormal liver tests in the context
Andrea DiMartini, Shari Rogal, and Stephen Potts
of alcohol excess, 109
James Ferguson
Index, 235
v

List of Contributors
Omair Abbasi MD James Ferguson MD, FRCPE
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry Consultant Hepatologist, Liver Unit
and Human Behavior Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham
Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals Birmingham;
Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine Associate Medical Director
Philadelphia, PA, USA Organ Donation and Transplantation
NHS Blood and Transplant
Guruprasad P. Aithal BSc, MBBS, MD, FRCP, PhD Bristol, UK
Professor of Hepatology, Director, National Institute for
Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Digestive Diseases Joaquim Fernández‐Solà MD, PhD
Biomedical Research Unit Medical Senior Consultant in Internal Medicine
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Alcohol Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut
and the University of Nottingham d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
Nottingham, UK CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición,
Instituto de Salud Carlos III;
Professor of Medicine, University of Barcelona
Stephen Atkinson MBBS, MA, MRCP
Barcelona, Spain
Clinical Research Fellow, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Department of Medicine, Imperial College London
London, UK Marian Fireman MD
Associate Professor of Psychiatry
Oregon Health and Science University
Thomas P. Beresford MD
Portland, OR, USA
Professor of Psychiatry
University of Colorado School of Medicine;
Giacomo Germani MD, PhD, FEBTM
Physician, Laboratory for Clinical and Translational
Consultant Physician, Multivisceral Transplant Unit
Research in Psychiatry
Department of Surgery
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Oncology and Gastroenterology
Denver, CO, USA
Padova University Hospital
Padova, Italy
Ed Britton MBBS, MRCP
Fellow in Hepatology
Ian Gilmore MD, FRCP
Royal Liverpool University Hospital
Honorary Professor
Liverpool, UK
Department of Medicine
University of Liverpool
Patrizia Burra MD Liverpool, UK;
Head, Multivisceral Transplant Unit Adjunct Professor
Department of Surgery National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences
Oncology and Gastroenterology Curtin University
Padova University Hospital Perth, Australia
Padova, Italy
William Gilmore BSc, MSc
Chris Day MA, MBBChir, MD PhD, FRCP Research Fellow
Pro‐Vice‐Chancellor, Faculty of Medical Sciences; National Drug Research Institute
Consultant Physician, Institute of Cellular Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences
Newcastle University Curtin University
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Perth, Australia
vii
viii List of Contributors
Jane I. Grove BSc, PhD Desley A.H. Neil FRCPath, MBBS, PhD, BMedSc
Postdoctoral Research Fellow Consultant Histopathologist
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham
Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Birmingham, UK
Research Unit
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust James Neuberger DM, FRCP
and the University of Nottingham
Honorary Consultant
Nottingham, UK
Liver Unit
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham
Peter Hayes PhD, FRCP(Ed) Birmingham;
Professor of Hepatology Associate Medical Director
Department of Gastroenterology Organ Donation and Transplantation
Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh NHS Blood and Transplant
Edinburgh, UK Bristol, UK
Eileen Kaner PhD John G. O’Grady MD, FRCPI
Professor of Hepatology
Professor of Public Health Research
Institute of Liver Studies
Institute of Health and Society
King’s College Hospital
Newcastle University
London, UK
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Richard Parker MBChB, MRCP
Stuart Kendrick MA, BMBCh, PhD, MRCP
MRC Clinical Research Training Fellow
Consultant Physician
NIHR Centre for Liver Research and Biomedical
Institute of Cellular Medicine
Research Unit
Newcastle University
University of Birmingham;
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Honorary Hepatology Registrar
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Martin Lombard MB, BCh, BAO, MD, Birmingham, UK
MSc, FRCPI, FRCP
Professor and Consultant Hepatologist
Stephen Potts MA FRCPsych FRCPE
and Gastroenterologist
Consultant in Transplant Psychiatry
Gastroenterology and Liver Services
Department of Psychological Medicine
Royal Liverpool University Hospital
Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh;
Liverpool, UK
Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer
University of Edinburgh
Michael R. Lucey MD Edinburgh, UK
Professor and Chief of Division
Department of Medicine Ulrich W. Preuss MD
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Professor of Psychiatry
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine Kreiskrankenhaus Prignitz, Perleberg;
and Public Health Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy
Madison, WI, USA and Psychosomatic Medicine
University of Halle
Andrea DiMartini MD Halle, Germany
Associate Professor of Psychiatry
Associate Professor of Surgery Jens Reimer MD, MBA
Medical Director, Psychosomatic Medicine Professor
Transplant Program Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Starzl Transplant Institute Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE)
Pittsburgh, PA, USA Hamburg, Germany