Veterinary Medicine

2278 Pages·2016·14.14 MB·English

by  Peter D. Constable

VETERINARY
MEDICINE
A Textbook of the Diseases of
Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, and Goats
VETERINARY
EDITION
MEDICINE 11
A Textbook of the Diseases of
Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, and Goats
VOLUME ONE
PETER D. CONSTABLE
KENNETH W. HINCHCLIFF
STANLEY H. DONE
WALTER GRÜNBERG
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
VETERINARY MEDICINE: A TEXTBOOK OF THE DISEASES OF CATTLE, HORSES, SHEEP, PIGS, AND
GOATS, ELEVENTH EDITION
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
Previous editions copyrighted: 2007, 2000, 1999, 1994, 1983, 1979, 1974
First published 1960
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Main ISBN: 9780702052460
Volume 1 ISBN: 978-0-7020-7057-0
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Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dr. Otto M. Radostits, August 31, 1934-December 15, 2006,
Senior Author, Fifth to Seventh Editions; Lead Author, Eighth to Tenth Editions
Otto Martin Radostits was a veterinary educator, clinician, and literature and had little regard for those who were not. He could be a
researcher who had a profound influence on students and practicing forceful presence in discussions, but Otto was also one of the quickest
veterinarians throughout the world through his writings, not the least to recognize new information that negated previous theories concern-
this text. Otto was closely involved with writing and editing the Fifth ing a disease, and he was always responsive to reasoned argument.
to Tenth Editions of Veterinary Medicine. Otto taught that making a correct diagnosis was the crux to the
Otto, the eldest son of Austrian immigrants, was raised on a small solution of a disease problem, and he had a passion for the art and
mixed farm in Alberta, Canada. His early farm experiences and those science of clinical examination. Many of his students affectionately
obtained from working with a local veterinarian while attending high remember his admonition, “We make more mistakes by not looking
school sparked an interest in pursuing a career in veterinary science than by not knowing.” Otto’s insistence on the need for accurate diag-
and were the beginning of his lifelong passion for large-animal veteri- nosis did not preclude this realization that what the practicing vet-
nary medicine. He was admitted to the Ontario Veterinary College in erinarian needed as the final message from his books was the best
1954, at that time the only English-speaking veterinary school in current information on what to do to cure or prevent the disease in
Canada. During his undergraduate years, his clinical interests and question.
potential were recognized such that following graduation, he was Otto has authored other texts. In the late 1990s he became con-
invited to join the faculty as a member of the ambulatory clinic prac- cerned that the traditional skills of physical clinical examination were
tice of the college—at that time a vigorous practice in a rural area. being supplanted by laboratory and instrumental analysis. As a con-
Otto spent the next 5 years teaching in this position, with the excep- sequence, he consulted with veterinary clinicians around the world
tion of a year spent at the veterinary school at Purdue University in and in 2000 was a senior author of the text Veterinary clinical examina-
West Lafayette, Indiana. tion and diagnosis. From his work on farms, Otto recognized that
The Western College of Veterinary Medicine in Saskatchewan, disease in farm animals commonly was a population concern, and he
Canada, was established under the leadership of Professor D. L. T. recognized the limitations of “fire brigade” medicine. He authored the
Smith in the mid-1960s, and Otto was one of the founding faculty first major text in herd health and preventive medicine with its first
members. He established the ambulatory practice and helped design edition in 1985. Otto published many other works of significance to
the college clinical buildings and finalize the curriculum. He remained global veterinary medical education and presented more than 250
a faculty member at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine until invited lectures and seminars in veterinary medicine in countries
he retired in June 2002 and was awarded the title Emeritus Professor. around the world.
Here he matured as a clinical teacher to influence students and Dr. Radostits’s contributions have been recognized by many
veterinarians locally and internationally through his writings and awards. For him, probably the most important were the award of
presentations at veterinary meetings. Master Teacher from his university and, nationally, the Order of
Otto’s international recognition in large-animal veterinary medi- Canada.
cine rests mainly on the strength of his writing and authorship of
veterinary texts. These span the spectrum of large-animal veterinary
medicine, from the clinical examination of the individual animal to
the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of livestock dis-
eases, to herd health and preventive medicine.
The most notable are his contributions to this textbook, which has
been used by veterinary students and practicing veterinarians around
the world for over 50 years and through 11 editions, for 6 of which
Otto was a senior or lead author. Otto joined the original authors,
Doug Blood and Jim Henderson, for the Fifth Edition of this text in
1979 and, in 1994, became the senior author for the Eighth, Ninth,
and Tenth Editions. During his sojourn as senior author, the text
continued its original design as a student textbook with many student-
friendly features. It also continued its importance as a reference book
including the available information on all of the diseases of large
animals, a truly formidable task. Otto did a large part of the work and
would surely have been very proud of this new Eleventh Edition.
In the writing of these and his other texts, Otto read the veterinary
literature and was a firm believer in evidenced-based medicine. He
insisted that all statements in these texts were supported by references
in the literature, and he maintained the format of a very large bibli- Dr. Otto Radostits teaching at the Western College of Veterinary
ography at the end of each disease description. He believed that other Medicine in Saskatchewan, Canada. (Image courtesy of Mrs. Ruth
veterinary educators should also be current with the veterinary Radostits and family.)
v
Dr. Clive Collins Gay
Dr. Clive Collins Gay, DVM (Guelph, 1960), MVSc (Guelph, 1962), transfer” (extension work), which was a cornerstone of his approach
MVSc (Ad Uendem Statum, Melbourne, 1970), FACVSc (1977), to epidemiological studies and preventive medicine.
Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Reflecting his international standing, Dr. Gay had been a Visiting
(honorary, 2008), and Doctor of Veterinary Science (Honoris Causa, Research Fellow in the following areas: the Department of Veterinary
Melbourne, 2008) has a distinguished career as an agricultural Microbiology, University of Guelph, in 1971; the Department of
animal veterinarian, scientist, author, and educator spanning five Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Cambridge, in 1972; the
decades. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Massey University, in
After graduating from Guelph in 1960, he was appointed as an 1993; the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture
assistant lecturer in the Department of Veterinary Medicine at the Fisheries and Food, Pirbright, in 1994; and the Department of
University of Glasgow from 1962 to 1964. In 1964, he was a George Geospatial Science, RMIT University (Melbourne), in 2001.
Aitken Pastoral Research Fellow (Sheep) and worked at the Veterinary Over the years, Dr. Gay contributed actively to national and state
Investigation Centre, Edinburgh University (Scotland); the Veterinary veterinary associations, serving as a committee member of the Victo-
Investigation Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Penrith (England); and rian Division of the Australian Veterinary Association (1968–1971);
the Nuffield Institute for Medical Research, Oxford University. and editor of the Victorian Veterinary Proceedings (1968–1971); and
In 1965, Dr. Gay was recruited by his mentor Professor Douglas an executive committee member of the Washington State Veterinary
Blood to the newly reestablished veterinary school at the University Medical Association (1999–2005), where he held the positions of vice
of Melbourne as a senior lecturer in agricultural animal medicine. president (2000), and president (2003–2004).
Ken Hinchcliff was one of Dr. Gay’s students at the University of Dr. Gay was a contributing author of Veterinary Medicine, edited
Melbourne. Dr. Gay was a genuinely gifted clinician, with an enthu- by Blood, Henderson, and Radostits in 1979, 1983, and 1989, and an
siasm for veterinary science that inspired generations of undergradu- author and editor for the Eighth (1994), Ninth (2000), and Tenth
ate and postgraduate students and staff alike. His teaching attributes (2007) Editions. His most important contributions to those editions
were recognized by various student accolades over the years, both in included diseases of the newborn, infectious diseases of sheep and
Australia and North America, and by the Washington State University goats, prion diseases, practical antimicrobial therapy, and selected
(WSU) Faculty Award in 2000 from the Washington State Veterinary metabolic and protozoan diseases, emphasizing the important roles
Medical Association (WSVMA). that environment, management, host factors, and pathogen virulence
In 1979, Dr. Gay became a professor of food animal medicine at factors play in disease occurrence and severity. Dr. Gay was largely
WSU, where he concentrated on agricultural animals, establishing the responsible for bringing the Tenth Edition to print when Dr. Radostits,
Field Disease Investigation Unit in 1982 and leading the unit until his the lead author and editor, became ill during the final stages of prepa-
retirement in 2005. The approach used by the Field Disease Investiga- ration of the text.
tion Unit was groundbreaking at the time it was implemented in that
it applied a multidisciplinary approach including university and
private veterinarians, animal scientists, extension agents, and produc-
ers to tackle economically important livestock diseases. Dr. Gay was
also one of the earliest proponents of evidenced-based medicine. He
served on several committees of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA). In recognition of his extensive contribution in this area, he
received the prestigious Calvin W. Schwabe Award for lifetime
achievement in veterinary epidemiology and preventive medicine
from the American Association of Veterinary Epidemiology and Pre-
ventive Medicine in 2007. Dr. Gay became Professor Emeritus at WSU
in 2005. His extensive contribution to veterinary medicine was recog-
nized with a Distinguished Achievement Award from the Washington
State Veterinary Medical Association in 2006, and he was made an
Honorary Diplomat of the American College of Veterinary Internal
Medicine in 2008.
Dr. Gay’s research activities covered the breadth of veterinary
science in regard to both species and systems, including topics as
diverse as colic in horses, cardiology in dogs, diarrhea in pigs, colos-
tral immunity in calves, and trace-element deficiency in ruminants.
He supervised 13 PhD students and 14 master’s degree students. This
work resulted in more than 90 articles in journals, more than 100
proceedings and abstracts, and the delivery of more than 150 invited
presentations to scientific groups, veterinary conferences, and agricul- Dr. Clive Gay and Professor Doug Blood, Veterinary Clinical Centre,
tural groups. The latter reflected his commitment to “knowledge University of Melbourne, 1978. (Courtesy of D. Blood’s family.)
vi
Professor Douglas Blood
1920–2013
Professor Douglas Blood came to Australia in 1926 from East Ham,
London. His family settled in Richmond, New South Wales, and
toughed out the Great Depression. Through a scholarship, he attended
Hurlstone Agricultural High School, where he enjoyed studying
animals, especially cows and dogs. Following high school, Doug
entered the Bachelor of Veterinary Science program at the University
of Sydney. During World War II, he and a group of colleagues con-
vinced the university to allow them to complete an accelerated course
so that they could graduate in 1942 and then enlist in the armed
services. Doug became a captain in a surveillance unit called Curtin’s
Cowboys in the Northern Territory. He returned to teach at the Uni-
versity of Sydney Veterinary School for 12 years. Then, from 1957 to
1962, Doug taught large-animal medicine at the Ontario Veterinary
College at Guelph. It was during this time that he taught and mentored
Otto Radostits and Clive Gay, both of whom were subsequently to Professors Ken Hinchcliff, Peter Constable, and Doug Blood (Werribee,
become authors, along with Doug, of this text. Australia, 2008). (Source: Hinchcliff K.)
In 1962, Doug was appointed Professor of Veterinary Medicine
and Founding Dean of Veterinary Science at the University of Mel-
bourne. Doug passed on the deanship in 1968, but he continued to
teach, retiring in 1985 after 23 years of service. During his time at the
University of Melbourne, Doug recruited Clive Gay to a faculty (aca- their education. Throughout subsequent years in his teaching career,
demic) position in the School of Veterinary Science and taught both Doug had the ability to inspire students and is viewed with respect,
Ken Hinchcliff and Peter Constable, both of whom followed him as admiration, and even veneration by the generations of students he has
authors of this text and deans of veterinary faculties—Hinchcliff at the taught.
University of Melbourne and Constable at the University of Illinois. The First Edition of this text was published in 1960 and authored
In recognition of his service to veterinary science, Doug was the by D. C. Blood and J. A. Henderson. It was entitled Veterinary Medi-
recipient of many awards and honorary degrees, including the Scho- cine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats
field Medal from the University of Guelph, the Gilruth Prize for Meri- and was based on Doug Blood’s and Jim Henderson’s lectures and
torious Service to Veterinary Science from the Australian Veterinary Doug’s teaching and philosophical approach. At that time, there were
Association, and an Order of the British Empire. He was involved in few textbooks in the disciplines of veterinary science and up-to-date
the formation of the Australian and New Zealand College of Veteri- texts published in English that were primarily concerned with clinical
nary Scientists. He also served as a committee member of the Victo- veterinary medicine and diseases in agricultural animal species were
rian Division of the Australian Veterinary Association and as a board not available. The original text was divided into two major sections.
member of the Veterinary Surgeons Registration Board of Victoria. One section, “General Medicine,” covered system dysfunction, and the
In the early years, Doug Blood revolutionized the teaching of clini- other, “Special Medicine,” covered the specific diseases of the large-
cal veterinary medicine. For those of us privileged to have been taught animal species. This format was followed until the Eleventh Edition.
by him at this time, he was a superlative teacher. Doug was one of the The Second Edition was published in 1963 and had an additional two
first teachers in clinical veterinary medicine to recognize that patho- chapters covering parasitic diseases. Subsequently, new editions have
physiology was the basis for teaching the disease processes in large been published approximately every 5 years, with major or minor
animals. He also concentrated on the principles of pathophysiology changes in format in most editions, such as the addition of chapters
in his explanations of disease syndromes and in teaching clinical dealing with new subjects or the addition of material in specific sub-
examination and diagnosis. This was an approach that he developed headings to highlight, for example, the epidemiology or zoonotic
from the teaching of his mentor, Oxford veterinary scientist H. B. implications of disease. However, always, with each edition, there was
Parry, to whom the first edition of this text was dedicated. This an extensive revision of disease descriptions based on current litera-
approach to clinical teaching was in marked contrast to the rote learn- ture. Professor Henderson’s involvement with the text ceased with the
ing that was common in many of the disciplines taught at that time Fifth Edition, and that edition recruited Professor O. M. Radostits as
and in stark contrast to the teaching method in clinical examination senior author and others as contributing authors. Blood coauthored
and diagnosis, which primarily relied on pattern recognition. nine editions over a span of 45 years, with coauthors including
Doug Blood also taught that the method of clinical examination Radostits, Gay, Hinchcliff, and Constable.
should be system based, that it should be conducted in a systematic In the preface to the First Edition, it was stated that the book was
manner, and that it should be conducted using all available senses and directed primarily to students of veterinary medicine, although it was
techniques. He further taught that the intellectual diagnostic rule-out expected that the book would be of value to practicing veterinarians
process should also incorporate a consideration of the presenting and field workers. The latter expectation has certainly proved true,
epidemiology of the disease problem, an examination of the environ- and the book has come to be extensively used as a reference by veteri-
ment, and an estimation of the probability of disease occurrence, narians in large- and mixed-animal practice around the English-
summarized with his often repeated adage “common diseases occur speaking world. Editions of the text have also been translated into
commonly.” Although these approaches might seem obvious to recent French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese, and Russian.
graduates, in the 1950s and early 1960s, they were revolutionary. In In addition to his passion for the method and accuracy of diagno-
fact, they set the foundation for current teaching principles in large- sis of disease in individual animals and herds, Doug Blood also had
animal clinical veterinary medicine. Students of that older vintage a passion for preventive medicine and was a firm proponent of
recall with great appreciation the understanding of clinical veterinary the thesis that subclinical disease is economically more important
medicine imparted by Doug Blood and his particular contribution to than clinical disease in agricultural animal populations. With other
vii
vviiiiii Professor Douglas Blood
colleagues at the University of Melbourne, he developed health pro- agement. These herd health programs have been successfully com-
grams for dairy cattle, beef cattle, and sheep and conducted practical mercially adopted in several countries.
trials of these programs in private herds and flocks. These programs Doug had a formidable intellect combined with an inexhaustible
were based on a whole-farm approach and centered on the concept work ethic. He was a generous family man who had a zest for life and
that performance targets could be tracked through computer-based dry wit and who was so proud of his family and their achievements.
productivity monitoring to detect deviation from target performance. He loved his morning runs/walks with his beloved Border Collies,
Doug Blood was a very early proponent of the use of computers to music, and literature, and Doug had a passion for baking bread,
manage and analyze data in clinical diagnosis and herd health man- brewing beer, photographing birds, and wearing bow ties.
Contributors
The authors’ names, degrees, and contact emails are below.
Authors Contributing Authors
Peter D. Constable BVSc(Hons), MS, PhD, Docteur Honoris
Causa (Université de Liège), Dipl.ACVIM, Dipl.ACVN (Honor- D.D. (Doug) Colwell BSc, MSc, PhD; (Doug.Colwell@AGR.
ary), AssocMember.ECBHM; ([email protected]) Professor GC.CA) Livestock Parasitology/Parasitologie du betail, Agricul-
and Dean, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, ture and Agri-Food Canada/Agriculture et Agroalimentaire
Urbana, Illinois, USA Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Alberta, Canada
Kenneth W. Hinchcliff BVSc(Hons), MS, PhD, Dipl.ACVIM; Sara Connelly, DVM, MS, Dipl.ACVCP; ([email protected])
[email protected]; President and Chief Executive Officer, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pathobiology and Vet-
Trinity College, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, erinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Victoria, 3052, Australia; past Dean Faculty of Veterinary and University of Illinois, Illinois, USA
Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victo-
ria, Australia Levent Dirikolu DVM, MVSc, PhD; ([email protected]) Profes-
sor and Director of the Equine Medication Surveillance Labora-
Stanley H. Done BA, BVetMed, DVetMed, Dipl.ECPHM, tory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University,
FRCVS, FRCPath; ([email protected]) Animal Health Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Thirsk, United
Kingdom. Contact [email protected] Robin Gasser Tierarzt, DVM, PhD, DVSc; (robinbg@unimelb.
edu.au) Professor in Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Preclini-
Walter Grünberg DrMedVet, MS, PhD, Dipl.ECBHM, Dipl. cal Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne,
ECAR, AssocDipl.ACVIM; ([email protected]) Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Farm Animal Internal Medicine Specialist, University of
Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Clinic for Cattle, Lynn Hovda RPh, DVM, MS, Dipl.ACVIM; (lhovda@safetycall.
Hannover, Germany com) Adjunct Professor, University of Minnesota College of Vet-
erinary Medicine, Director of Veterinary Services, SafetyCall
International and Pet Poison Helpline, Bloomington, Minnesota,
USA
Basil Ikede DVM, PhD, Diagn Path, FCVSN; ([email protected])
University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward
Island, Canada
John Larsen BVSc, PhD, Grad Dip Bus Admin; (j.larsen@unimelb.
edu.au) Associate Professor of Ruminant Production Medicine
and Director, The Mackinnon Project, Veterinary Clinical Centre,
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Mel-
bourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
William Witola BVetMed, MSc, PhD; ([email protected])
Assistant Professor of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology,
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana,
Illinois, USA
Amelia R. Woolums DVM, MVSc, PhD, Dipl.ACVIM, Dipl.
ACVM; ([email protected]) Professor, Department of
Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
ix
Preface to the Eleventh Edition
We are delighted to present the Eleventh Edition of Veterinary Medi- We continue to emphasize the epidemiology and pathophysiol-
cine, 56 years since the first “Blood and Henderson” Veterinary Medi- ogy of each disease, which are important in understanding the ratio-
cine was published in 1960 and 9 years since the Tenth Edition was nale for the diagnosis, treatment, and control. This means that we
published in 2007. Veterinary Medicine focuses on diseases of rumi- strive to maintain an optimum balance between published research
nants, horses, and swine, and it is the most extensively cited textbook and what field veterinarians find useful in their daily work. To make
in veterinary medicine, with a recent total of 4,267 citations (Google it easier for the reader to find particular pieces of information, long
Scholar, May 2016). Because the demand for this book remains strong, passages of prose have been divided into smaller sections using head-
we assume that we have developed a philosophy, format, and price ings and subheadings. Key words, terms, and phrases have been
that are attractive and meet the demands of undergraduate veterinary emboldened for emphasis and to make it easier for the reader to
students and graduate veterinarians working in the field of large- identify important points. We also continue to include the zoonotic
animal medicine. and bioterrorism implications of many diseases and how the large-
Substantial changes were made to the format of the book for the animal veterinarian is becoming more involved in the control of dis-
Eleventh Edition to keep current with the continuing expansion of eases transmissible to humans. The use of individual diagnostic tests,
knowledge about the diseases of large animals. The book has been described under Clinical Pathology for each disease, continues to be a
extensively revised and reorganized based on the major organ system challenge for all of us, especially with the increased availability of
affected. The organ systems approach reflects the profound impact genomic or genetic testing and point-of-care testing. We have contin-
that Dr. D. C. Blood had on the practice of large-animal medicine ued to concentrate on those tests that are accepted through common
worldwide (see Foreword); he emphasized that the clinical examina- use, to discuss their limitations if they are known, and to provide a
tion procedure should be a systems-based method. We have extended reference to newer tests that have future promise in diagnosis. A
the systems approach implemented in the First Edition through the common limitation of publications describing new diagnostic tests is
assignment of diseases to the primary organ system affected or the the absence of, or inadequate, information on the characteristics (sen-
most obvious clinical sign referable to an organ system. As a result, sitivity, specificity, accuracy) of the test in the population of animals
the Eleventh Edition contains 21 chapters, compared with 36 chapters in which it will be used.
in the Tenth Edition. Thirteen chapters deal with specific organ Consistent with our deep commitment to practicing evidenced-
systems, including the alimentary tract of ruminants and nonrumi- based veterinary medicine, relevant references from 2006 onward
nants; the liver and pancreas; and the cardiovascular, hemolymphatic/ have been cited, and important review and scientific papers, including
immune, respiratory, urinary, nervous, musculoskeletal, and repro- Internet sites, are identified as Further Reading. We refer readers to
ductive systems; in addition to metabolic/endocrine abnormalities, previous editions of the book for references to earlier works.
diseases of the mammary gland, and, finally, diseases of the skin, eye, When permitted by the quality and number of peer-reviewed pub-
and ear. Each of these chapters is organized in the following manner: lications, we have applied the Grading of Recommendations Assess-
general diseases; infectious diseases, listed in order of cause (bacterial, ment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) process (see Foreword)
viral, prion, protozoal, fungal, metazoan) and species affected (all to provide a summary of treatment and control recommendations in
large animals, ruminants, horses, pigs); metabolic diseases; nutritional a box at the end of the section. This process distills information down
diseases; toxicologic diseases and environmental agents; neoplastic to one of four recommendations that reflect “a judgment that most
diseases; congenital and inherited diseases; and, finally, diseases of well-informed people would make”: R1, “do it”; R2, “probably do it”;
unknown etiology. The remaining eight chapters deal with specific R3, “probably don’t do it”; and R4, “don’t do it.” We believe that the
medicine topics, as follows: clinical examination and making a diag- GRADE approach will prove helpful to large-animal veterinarians,
nosis; examination of the population; biosecurity and infection and we look forward to expanding this approach in future editions of
control; general systemic states; disturbances of free water, electro- this book.
lytes, acid-base balance, and oncotic pressure; practical antimicrobial Constraining the size of the book has been a constant preoccupa-
therapeutics; perinatal diseases, and systemic and multi-organ dis- tion and a difficult task with the ever-increasing volume of published
eases. A comprehensive index permits the reader to easily access rel- information and the constantly growing list of diseases. Our intention
evant information in different chapters of the book. has always been to provide information on all recorded diseases.
We have attempted to ensure that the book continues to have an Despite of reductions in reference lists and extensive editing to mini-
international scope by including clinically important diseases occur- mize repetition, the book is still large, necessitating a move to two
ring in large animals worldwide. The book notes the eradication of volumes. More than 150 new figures have been added to the book to
Rinderpest in 2011 and includes new or extensively revised sections assist in presenting information.
on a variety of topics, such as biosecurity and infection control; the We continue to subscribe to the practice and philosophy of earlier
Schmallenberg and bluetongue viral epidemics of ruminants in editions of this book in having a small number of authors contribute
Europe; Wesselsbron disease in cattle and hypokalemia in adult cattle; the majority of the text, with contributions from content specialists
equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis; Hendra virus infection; for particular topics. We believe that analysis and review of the rele-
multisystemic, eosinophilic, epitheliotropic disease of horses; hypo- vant literature by a small number of authors with a broad knowledge
glycin A intoxication and equine metabolic syndrome; porcine repro- and global perspective of large animal medicine assures a consistency
ductive and respiratory syndrome; porcine epidemic diarrhea and of approach to each topic. Our authors are based in the United States,
circovirus, and malignant catarrh in pigs; Torque teno, Menangle, and Australia, Europe, the United Kingdom, and Canada and have exten-
Japanese B viruses in pigs; and numerous recently identified congeni- sive experience in international veterinary medicine.
tal and inherited disorders of large animals. Dr. Peter Constable, Dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine,
Reflecting the international scope of the book, the four University of Illinois, USA, has assumed the responsibilities of senior
authors and nine coauthors were educated or have practiced vet- author. He revised a number of sections related to specific ruminant
erinary medicine in 12 countries covering five continents, including diseases, in addition to major sections of the chapters on general
Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, systemic states and diseases of the ruminant alimentary tract, cardio-
Nigeria, Turkey, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United vascular system, urinary system, musculoskeletal system, nervous
States, and Zambia. system, and mammary gland. Dr. Constable also revised the chapters
xx
PPrreeffaaccee ttoo tthhee EElleevveenntthh EEddiittiioonn xxii
on examination of the population and disturbances of free water, State University, USA joined our book as a contributor by revising
electrolytes, and acid-base balance. the chapter on practical antimicrobial therapeutics. Dr. Robin
Dr. Kenneth Hinchcliff, CEO of Trinity College, University of Gasser, Professor of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary
Melbourne, and former Dean of the Faculty of Veterinary and Agri- and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia, is a
cultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia, revised all the new contributor who revised the coverage of protozoal diseases. Dr.
equine diseases and major sections of the chapters on diseases of the Lynn Hovda, Director of Veterinary Services, PLLC and Pet Poison
respiratory system, nonruminant alimentary tract, hemolymphatic Helpline, Minnesota, USA also joined our book by revising the sec-
and immune systems, endocrine abnormalities, and diseases of the tions related to diseases caused by toxins in plants, fungi, cyano-
neonate. Dr. Hinchcliff also revised the chapter on clinical examina- phytes, clavibacteria, and venoms in ticks and vertebrate animals.
tion and making a diagnosis and the Foreword of the book. Dr. Hinch- Dr. Basil O. Ikede, recently retired from the Atlantic Veterinary
cliff acknowledges the support of St. John’s College, Cambridge, in College in Prince Edward Island, Canada, once again revised the
appointing him as Overseas Visiting Scholar in 2013 during prepara- sections on the major exotic viral and protozoan diseases. Dr. John
tion of parts of this text. Drs. Constable and Hinchcliff are responsible Larsen, Director of the Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary
for the revised format of the book. and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia, is a
Dr. Stanley Done, recently retired from the Animal Health and new contributing author and revised many chapters related to dis-
Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Thirsk, United Kingdom, joined our eases of sheep and goats. Dr. William Witola, Assistant Professor of
book as a coauthor and revised all the sections on diseases of pigs. Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois,
This was a major task given the very large literature base on infectious USA, is also a new contributor to the book, revising chapters related
diseases of pigs on a worldwide basis. to nematode, trematode, and tapeworm parasitic infection. Dr.
Dr. Walter Grünberg, Farm Animal Internal Medicine Specialist, Amelia Woolums, Professor of Pathobiology and Population Medi-
Tieräerztliche Hochschule, University of Veterinary Medicine, cine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University,
Hannover, Germany, is also a new coauthor. He revised a number of USA, joined the Eleventh Edition by authoring a new chapter on
sections related to specific ruminant diseases and extensive sections biosecurity.
of the chapters on diseases of the liver and pancreas and the skin, We believe that we have completed another authoritative and com-
eye, conjunctiva, and ear. prehensive review of the peer-reviewed literature of large-animal
The legacies of Drs. D. C. Blood, C. C. Gay, J. A. Henderson, medicine, at a standard at least equal to that of the previous 10 edi-
and O. M. Radostits continue in this edition of Veterinary Medicine. tions. We hope that the Eleventh Edition of Veterinary Medicine pro-
Dr. Doug Colwell, Principal Research Scientist at Agriculture and vides the information necessary to meet the needs of veterinary
Agri-Food Canada, once again revised the sections on diseases students and large animal clinicians for the next 5 to 8 years.
caused by arthropod ectoparasites. Dr. Sara Connelly, Clinical Assis-
tant Professor of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, P. D. Constable
University of Illinois, USA, revised the appendices dealing with con- K. W. Hinchcliff
version tables and reference laboratory values. Dr. Levent Dirikolu, S. H. Done
Professor of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana W. Grünberg