Table Of Content.
IV
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Regions
Program Authors
Dr. Candy Dawson Boyd
Professor, School of Education
Director of Reading Programs
St. Mary's College
Moraga, California
Dr. Geneva Gay
Professor of Education
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
Rita Geiger
Director of Social Studies and
Foreign Languages
Norman Public Schools
Norman, Oklahoma
Dr. James B. Kracht
Associate Dean for Undergraduate
Programs and Teacher Education
College of Education
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas
Dr. Valerie Ooka Pang
Professor of Teacher Education
San Diego State University
San Diego, California
Dr. C. Frederick Risinger
Director, Professional Development
and Social Studies Education
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana
Sara Miranda Sanchez
Elementary and Early Childhood
Curriculum Coordinator
Albuquerque Public Schools
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Contributing Authors
Dr. Carol Berkin
Professor of History
Baruch College and the Graduate
Center
The City University of New York
New York, New York
Lee A. Chase
Staff Development Specialist
Chesterfield County Public Schools
Chesterfield County, Virginia
Dr. Jim Cummins
Professor of Curriculum
Ontario Institute for Studies in
Education
University of Toronto
Toronto, Canada
Dr. Allen D. Glenn
Professor and Dean Emeritus
Curriculum and Instruction
College of Education
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
Dr. Carole L. Hahn
Professor, Educational Studies
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. M. Gail Hickey
Professor of Education
Indiana University-Purdue
University
Fort Wayne, Indiana
Dr. Bonnie Meszaros
Associate Director
Center for Economic Education and
Entrepreneurship
University of Delaware
Newark, Delaware
Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York
Sales Office: Parsippany, New Jersey •
Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois •
Coppell, Texas • Ontario, California
www.sfsocialstudies.com
Content Consultants
Catherine Deans-Barrett
World History Specialist
Northbrook, Illinois
Dr. Michael Frassetto
Studies in Religions
Independent Scholar
Chicago, Illinois
Dr. Gerald Greenfield
Hispanic-Latino Studies
History Department
University of Wisconsin, Parkside
Kenosha, Wisconsin
Dr. Frederick Hoxie
Native American Studies
University of Illinois
Champaign, Illinois
Dr. Cheryl Johnson-Odim
Dean of Liberal Arts and Sciences and
Professor of History
African American
History Specialist
Columbia College
Chicago, Illinois
Dr. Michael Khodarkovsky
Eastern European Studies
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
Robert Moffet
U.S. History Specialist
Northbrook, Illinois
Dr. Ralph Nichols
East Asian History
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
Classroom Reviewers
Diana Vicknair Ard
Woodlake Elementary School
St. Tammany Parish
Mandeville, Louisiana
Dr. Charlotte R. Bennett
St. John School
Newburgh, Indiana
Sharon Berenson
Freehold Learning Center
Freehold, New Jersey
Betsy Blandford
Pocahontas Elementary School
Powhatan, Virginia
Gloria Cantatore
Public School #5
West New York, New Jersey
LuAnn Curran
Westgate Elementary School
St. Petersburg, Florida
Louis De Angelo
Office of Catholic Education
Archdiocese of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Dr. Trish Dolasinski
Paradise Valley School District
Arrowhead Elementary School
Glendale, Arizona
Dr. John R. Doyle
Director of Social Studies Curriculum
Miami-Dade County Schools
Miami, Florida
Dr. Roceal Duke
District of Columbia Public Schools
Washington, D.C.
Peggy Flanagan
Roosevelt Elementary School
Community Consolidated School
District #64
Park Ridge, Illinois
Mary Flynn
Arrowhead Elementary School
Glendale, Arizona
Sue Gendron
Spring Branch ISD
Houston, Texas
Su Hickenbottom
Totem Falls Elementary School
Snohomish School District
Snohomish, Washington
Sally Hunter
Highland Park Elementary School
Austin ISD
Austin, Texas
Allan Jones
North Branch Public Schools
North Branch, Minnesota
Brandy Bowers Kerbow
Bettye Haun Elementary School
Piano ISD
Piano, Texas
Sandra Lopez
PSJA Service Center
San Juan, Texas
Martha Sutton Maple
Shreve Island School
Shreveport, Louisiana
Lyn Metzger
Carpenter Elementary School
Community Consolidated School
District #64
Park Ridge, Illinois
Marsha Munsey
Riverbend Elementary School
West Monroe, Louisiana
Christine Nixon
Warrington Elementary School
Escambia County School District
Pensacola, Florida
Liz Salinas
Supervisor
Edgewood ISD
San Antonio, Texas
Beverly Scaling
Desert Hills Elementary School
Las Cruces, New Mexico
Madeleine Schmitt
St. Louis Public Schools
St. Louis, Missouri
Barbara Schwartz
Central Square Intermediate School
Central Square, New York
Ronald Snapp
North Lawrence Community Schools
Bedford, Indiana
Lesley Ann Stahl
West Side Catholic Consolidated
School
Evansville, Indiana
Carolyn Moss Woodall
Loudoun County of Virginia Public
Schools
Leesburg, Virginia
Suzanne Zaremba
J. B. Fisher Model School
Richmond Public Schools
Richmond, Virginia
ISBN: 0-328-01762-0
Copyright © 2003, Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication
is protected by
copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited
reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to:
Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
6 7 8 9 10 V057 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04
Social Studies Handbook
Let the Discovery Begin
H2
Building Citizenship Skills
H4
Building Geography Skills
H6
Building Research Skills
H16
Ullit 1
Living in the United States
Begin with a Primary Source
Welcome to the United States
^3/ Reading Social Studies
Summarize
Chapter 1 • Hie Regions of the United States 8
—from "This Land is Your
Land," by Woody Guthrie©
Lesson 1 • Regions and Landforms
Here and There
Highest and Lowest Landforms
Lesson 2 • Climate
Map and Globe Skills
Read Inset Maps
Lesson 3 • Regional Resources
Fact File
My Region
I
Dorling Kindersley
The United States and
North America
Chapter 1 Review
Chapter 2 • We All Live together
Lesson 1 • Americans All
Fact File
Immigration Information
Fiorello La Guard'ia
Lesson 2 • We the People
Fact F ile
Three Levels of Government
EXQXQXC Daniel Inouye
Map and Globe Skills
Read a Time-Zone Map
Lesson 3 • The Strengths of Our Freedoms
Citizen Heroes
Doing the Right Thing
Chapter 2 Review
10
16
18
24
26
30
32
34
38
42
45
46
49
53
54
56
60
62
ill
Unit 1
Continue
Chapter 3 • Earning and Learnin
Lesson 1
• The Land of Plenty
Lesson 2
• Trade Then and Now
Literature and Social Studies
Joeef'ma Savee the Day
Fact File
Money in the United States
Lesson 3 • Transportation and Communication
Map Adventure
Assembling a Computer
Map and Globe Skills
Use a Road Map and Scale
Chapter 3 Review
End with a Song
"America"
Unit 1 Review
Discovery Channel School
Unit 1 Project
IV
Begin with a Primary Source
Welcome to the Northeast
Reading Social Studies
Sequence
96
98
100
Chapter 4 • Land and Water
in the Northeast
Lesson 1
• The Beautiful Northeast
Fact File
The Appalachian Trail
Literature and Social Studies
"Stopping by Woods
on a Snowy Evening"
Chart and Graph Skills
Read a Cross-Section Diagram
Lesson 2
• Resources of the Northeast
Lesson 3 • The Plentiful Sea
Then and Now
Nantucket
Here and There
Bay Life
Chapter 4 Review
104
106
107
110
112
116
118
120
122
Lesson 1
• The Narragansett People
Lesson 2
• The Land of New Beginnings
Chart and Graph Skills
Use a Vertical Time Line
Lesson 3
• Taking a Stand
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Smithsonian Institution
Winning the Right to Vote
Lesson 4 • Cities Grow and Change
Map Adventure
Northeastern Landmarks
QKZ2]QZ|3 Andrew Carnegie
Citizen Heroes
Capturing History
Chapter 5 Review
126
130
134
136
139
140
142
144
147
148
150
"Gradually from
week to week the
character ofeach
tree came out
.
.
.
reflected in the
smooth mirror of
the lake.
"
—written by Henry
David Thoreau in his
book Walden
End with a Poem
"Niagara"
Unit 2 Review
HH Discovery Channel School
Unit 2 Project
152
154
156
"Beautiful is the
land, with its
prairies and
forests offruit-
trees;
Under the feet a
garden of
flowers.
.
.
"
—Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow,
describing the banks
of a Southeastern
bayou
Begin with a Primary Source
Welcome to the Southeast
<5)
Reading Social Studies
Main Idea and Details
158
160
162
Chapter 6 • The Land of the Southeast
164
Lesson 1
• Coastal Plains to the Mountains
Map and Globe Skills
Read Elevation Maps
Lesson 2
• Sunlight and Storms
Map Adventure
Visiting Lighthouses
]
Dorling Kindersley
Hurricanes
Lesson 3 • Wildlife and Resources
Literature and Social Studies
The Yearling
Chapter 6 Review
Chapter 7 • People and Events
that Shaped the Southeast
Lesson 1
• The Cherokee
QEEQEES Sequoyah
Lesson 2 • Early History of the Southeast
Then and Now
Monticello
Citizen Heroes
Speaking Out
Lesson 3 • The Nation Divided
'"'HMJiF Kosa Parks
Thinking Skills
Identify Fact and Opinion
Lesson 4 • The Glittering Cities
Here and There
Spoleto Festival of Two Worlds
Chapter 7 Review
End with a Song
"Shenandoah"
Unit 3 Review
|3 Discovery Channel School
Unit 3 Project
VI
Begin with a Primary Source
Welcome to the Midwest
Reading Social Studies
Cause and Effect
Chapter 8 • Water and Land of
the Midwest
Lesson 1
• A Route to the Sea
232
Issues and Viewpoints
Zebra Mussel Invasion
238
Chart and Graph Skills
Compare Line and 3ar Graphs
240
Lesson 2
• The Badlands of South Dakota
242
Lesson 3 • Bountiful Midwestern Farms
246
Fact File
Main Crops of the Midwest
248
Here and There
Big Farms and Little Farms
250
Chapter 8 Review
252
Chapter 9 • People of the Midwest
Lesson 1
• The Ojibwa
Citizen Heroes
Keeping a Culture Strong
Research and Writing Skills
Use a Search Engine
on the Internet
Lesson 2 • The Fur Trade
'"'HflJiff J 6"" Baptiste Point Du Sable
Lesson 3
• Building Farms
Literature and Social Studies
On the 6anks of Plum Creek
John Deere
Smithsonian Institution
Farm Life
Lesson 4 • Hub of the Nation
Then and Now
Cahokia
Map Adventure
Lewis and Clark Expedition
1 n'HiMlTffl Mark Tw
in
Chapter 9 Review
256
260
262
264
267
268
271
273
274
276
277
279
283
284
"0, beautiful for
spacious skies,
for amber waves of
grain
.
.
. "
—from America, the
Beautiful, written by
Katharine Lee Bates
End With a Song
"I've Been Working on the Railroad'
Unit 4 Review
Ml Discovery Channel School
Unit 4 Project
286
288
290
VII
Unit 5
Begin with a Primary Source
Welcome to the Southwest
^|)
Reading Social Studies
Draw Conclusions
Chapter 10 • Land and Resources
of the Southwest
292
294
296
298
".
.
. keep it for your
children, your
children's children,
and for all who come
after you.
. ."
—President Theodore
Roosevelt, on his visit to
the Grand Canyon
Lesson 1
• A Land of Canyons
Fact File
Grand Canyon Facte
'"'HriJ^ John Wesley Powell
Thinking Skills
Make Generalizations
Lesson 2
• Climates in the Southwest
Literature and Social Studies
"The Desert Is Theirs'
Here and There
Giant Plants
Lesson 3 • Oil and Technology
Fact File
Oil and Its Products
Citizen Heroes
Flying to Help
Chapter 10 Review
300
303
305
306
308
310
312
314
315
318
320
Chapter 11 • The People of the Southwest
322
Lesson 1
• The Navajo
ULLlJJJTfi Henry Chee Dodge
Research and Writing Skills
Identify Primary and
Secondary Sources
Lesson 2
• Spanish Influence
Then and Now
"Remember the Alamo!"
Lesson 3 • Ranches and Drivers
Map Adventure
The Chisholm Trail
Smithsonian Institution
Ranchers and Cowhands
Lesson 4 • Living in the Desert
nPy*y|Y"lTB Willis Haviland Corner
Issues and Viewpoints
Save "America's Main Street"?
Chapter 11 Review
324
329
330
332
335
338
341
344
346
349
350
352
End with Literature
Cowboy Country
Unit 5 Review
HH Discovery Channel School
Unit 5 Project
354
356
358
Unit 6 The West
Begin with a Primary Source
Welcome to the West
Reading Social Studies
Compare and Contrast
Chapter 12 • The Land ofthe West
Lesson 1 • A Land of Mountains
368
IJfjfl
Dorling Kindersley
When a Mountain Explodes
374
Research and Writing Skills
Take Notes and Write Outlines 376
Lesson 2
• Climates in the West
Lesson 3 • Resources of the West
Literature and Social Studies
"Ripening Cherries'
UIJJ JJJTfl Seth Lewelling
Chapter 12 Review
378
384
385
389
390
Chapter 13 • Living in the West
Lesson 1
• The Tinglit
Here and There
Masks Tell a Story
Lesson 2 • Exploration and Growth
Map Adventure
In Search of Gold
Then and Now
Bodie, California
Levi Strauss
394
398
400
402
404
407
Map and Globe Skills
Understand Latitude and longitude
408
Lesson 3
• Business and Pleasure
Fact File
Populations of Major Cities in the West
Citizen Heroes
Building a City
Chapter 13 Review
410
413
416
418
"Climb the
mountains
Nature
ys peace will
flow into you as
sunshine flows into
trees.
"
—John Muir, from Our
National Parks
End with a Song
Unit 6 Review
HH Discovery Channel School
Sweet 3etsy from Pike"
Unit 6 Project
420
422
424
^fcLT^APHY*
45
John Deere
Fiorello La Guardia
273
Daniel Inouye
53
Mark Twain
283
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
139
John Wesley Powell
305
Andrew Carnegie
147
Henry Chee Dodge
329
Sequoyah
193
Willis Haviland Carrier
349
Rosa Parks
207
Seth Lewelling
389
Jean Baptiste Point Du Sable
267
Levi Strauss
407
Maps
Regions of the United States
11
Average Temperatures
in January
in the United States
19
Average Precipitation
in a Year
Throughout the United States
20
Climate Areas of the United States
22
The United States
24
The United States
25
Routes of European Explorers
40
Expansion of the United States
41
Time Zones of the United States
54
Road Map of Ohio and Pennsylvania
86
Power Plants on the Niagara River
105
Resources of the Northeast
114
European Immigration
133
States and Landforms of the
Southeast
167
Elevations of the Southeast
170
Average January Temperatures
in the Southeast
173
Agriculture
in the Southeast
181
The Trail of Tears
191
Where Explorers Traveled
195
Using Water for Transportation
234
Average Yearly Rainfall
in the
United States
247
The Voyage of Marquette and
Jolliet
265
Railroad Lines Around 1870
281
Average Temperatures
in the
Southwest During May
309
The Long Walk
326
Coronado's Expedition
333
Dams
in the Phoenix Area
347
Elevations
in the West
372
Average January Temperatures
in the West
381
Agricultural Products of the West
Region
387
Claims to Pacific Coast
in the
Early 1800s
401
Gold Rush Claims
403
Latitude and Longitude
in the
West
409
Trade and the Pacific Rim
414
Skills
Reading Social Studies
Summarize
6
Sequence
100
Main Idea and Details
162
Cause and Effect
228
Draw Conclusions
296
Compare and Contrast
364
Map and Globe Skills
Read Inset Maps
24
Read a Time-Zone Map
54
Use a Road Map and Scale
86
Read Elevation Maps
170
Understand Latitude and
Longitude
408
Thinking Skills
Identify Fact and Opinion
208
Make Generalizations
306
Research and Writing Skills
262
Use a Search Engine on the
Internet
Identify Primary and Secondary
Sources
Take Notes and Write Outlines
330
376
Chart and Graph Skills
Read a Cross-Section Diagram
110
Use a Vertical Time Line
134
Compare Line and Bar Graphs
240
Fact File
My Region
Immigration Information
Three Levels of Government
Money
in the United States
The Appalachian Trail
Main Crops of the Midwest
Grand Canyon Facts
Oil and
Its Products
Populations of Major Cities
in
the West
30
42
49
75
106
248
303
315
413
Citizen Heroes
Doing the Right Thing
60
Capturing History
148
Speaking Out
200
Keeping a Culture Strong
260
Flying to Help
318
Building a City
416
Issues and Viewpoints
Zebra Mussel Invasion
Save "America's Main Street"?
Then and Now
Nantucket
Monticello
Cahokia
"Remember the Alamo!'
Bodie, California
Here and There
Highest and Lowest Landforms
Bay Life
Spoleto Festival of Two Worlds
Big Farms and
Little Farms
Giant Plants
Masks Tell a Story
Literature and Social
Studies
238
350
118
197
277
335
404
16
120
214
250
312
398
74
Josefina Saves the Day
"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy
Evening"
107
The Yearling
179
On the Banks of Plum Creek
271
"The Desert Is Theirs"
310
"Ripening Cherries"
385
XI
Map Adventure
Assembling a Computer
83
Northeastern Landmarks
144
Visiting Lighthouses
174
Lewis and Clark Expedition
279
The Chisholm Trail
341
In Search of Gold
402
Graphic Organizers
Summarize
6
Summarize
15
Summarize
23
Main Idea and Details
31
Chapter 1 Summary
34
Main Idea and Details
44
Summarize
52
Summarize
59
Chapter 2 Summary
62
Summarize
71
Summarize
79
Summarize
85
Chapter 3 Summary
88
Sequence
Sequence
Sequence
Sequence
Chapter 4 Summary
Sequence
Sequence
Compare and Contrast
Cause and Effect
Chapter 5 Summary
Main Idea and Details
Main Idea and Details
Main Idea and Details
Main Idea and Details
Chapter 6 Summary
Main Idea and Details
Main Idea and Details
Main Idea and Details
Main Idea and Details
Chapter 7 Summary
Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect
Chapter 8 Summary
Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect
100
109
115
119
122
129
133
138
146
150
162
169
175
183
184
192
199
206
213
216
228
237
245
249
252
259
266
Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect
Chapter 9 Summary
Draw Conclusions
Draw Conclusions
Draw Conclusions
Draw Conclusions
Chapter 10 Summary
Cause and Effect
Draw Conclusions
Draw Conclusions
Cause and Effect
Chapter 11 Summary
Compare and Contrast
Compare and Contrast
Compare and Contrast
Summarize
Chapter 12 Summary
Summarize
Draw Conclusions
Compare and Contrast
Chapter 13 Summary
272
282
284
296
304
311
317
320
328
337
343
348
352
364
373
383
388
390
397
406
415
418
V;'
_
Charts, Graphs, Tables,
and Diagrams
Diagram: The Rain Cycle
Diagram: The Three Levels of
Government
Diagram: The Three Branches of
21
48
Government
50
Diagram: Free Trade and Profit
76
Diagram: Communication
and Transportation
84
Read a Cross-Section Diagram
110
Diagram: How a Lock Works
235
Line Graph: Population of Illinois,
1850-2000
240
Bar Graph: Population of Illinois,
1850-2000
240
Bar Graph: Populations of Michigan
and Missouri, 1850-1900
241
Diagram:
Oil and
Its Products
315
Diagram: A Spanish Mission
334
Diagram: The Cascade Rain
Shadow
382
Bar Graph: Metro Area Population
Growth, 1990-2000
413
Circle Graph: Metro Area
Populations, 2000
413
Time Lines
How the United States Grew
38
Early History of the Northeast
130
Famous Inventions Time Line
135
The Abolition and Women's Rights
Movements
136
Chapter 5 Review
150
European Contact with the
Cherokee
188
Growth of Settlements
in the
Southeast
194
The Civil War
202
Chapter 7 Review
216
The Fur Trade
264
Transportation
in the Midwest
276
Chapter 9 Review
284
The Navajo
324
Spanish Influence on the
Southwest
332
The Cattle Industry
in the
Southwest
Living
in the Desert
Chapter 11 Review
Growth of the West
Chapter 13 Review
338
346
352
400
418
• Let the
Discovery
Begin
Your world can turn upside down on a roller coaster—like
this one at Six Flags Magic Mountain that has six loops
and rolls. Taking stomach-flipping rides, many people
experience thrills and chills every year on hundreds of
roller coasters in the United States.
Make an exciting discovery of your own: Find a cool
coaster in your state. Let's go!
