Romania: a country study

402 Pages·30.328 MB·English

by  Ronald D. Bachman

area handbook series
Romania
country study

Romania
a country study
On the cover: Thirteenth-century gate tower in the pic-
turesque town of Sighi§oara
Second Edition, First Printing, 1991.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Romania: a country study / Federal Research—Division, Library of
Congress ; edi—ted by Ronald D. Bachman. 2d ed.
p. cm. (Area handbook series) (DA pam 550-160)
;
"Supersedes the 1979 edition ofArea handbook for Romania,
—
coauthored by Eugene K. Keefe, et al." T.p. verso.
"Research completedJuly 1989."
Includes bibiliographical references (pp. 317-335) and index.
D
Supt. of Docs. no. 101.22:550-160/991
:
1. Romania. I. Bachman, Ronald D., 1947- . II. Keefe,
Eugene K. Area handbook for Romania. III. Library ofCongress.
Federal Research Division. IV. Series. V. Series: DA pam 550-160.
:
DR205.R613 1990 90-6449
949.8—dc20 CIP
Headquarters, Department of the Army
DA Pam 550-160
ForsalebytheSuperintendentofDocuments, U.S. GovernmentPrintingOffice
Washington,D.C. 20402
Foreword
This volume is one in a continuing series of books now being
preparedby the Federal ResearchDivisionofthe Library ofCon-
—
gressunderthe Country Studies Area HandbookProgram. The
last page of this book lists the other published studies.
Most books in the series deal with a particular foreign country,
describingand analyzingits political, economic, social, and national
security systems and institutions, and examiningthe interrelation-
ships of those systems and the ways they are shaped by cultural
factors. Each study iswrittenbyamultidisciplinary team ofsocial
scientists. The authors seek to provide a basic understanding of
the observed society, striving for a dynamic rather than a static
portrayal. Particular attention is devoted to the people who make
upthe society, theirorigins, dominantbeliefsandvalues, theircom-
mon interests andthe issues onwhich theyare divided, the nature
andextentoftheirinvolvementwithnationalinstitutions, andtheir
attitudes toward each other and toward their social system and
political order.
The books represent the analysis ofthe authors and should not
be construed as an expression ofan official United States govern-
ment position, policy, or decision. The authors have sought to
adhere to accepted standards ofscholarlyobjectivity. Corrections,
additions, and suggestions for changes from readers will be wel-
comed for use in future editions.
Louis R. Mortimer
Acting Chief
Federal Research Division
Library of Congress
Washington, D.C. 20540
iii

Acknowledgments
A number of persons in the Federal Research Division of the
Library ofCongress are to be thanked for bringing this undertak-
ing to fruition. Richard F. Nyrop provided guidance through the
planningandchapter-drafting stages, and SandraW. Meditz and
Raymond E. Zickel reviewed the study. Martha E. Hopkins
managed editing; Marilyn L. Majeska supervisedproduction; and
editorial assistants Barbara Edgerton and IzellaWatsonhelped pre-
pare the manuscript.
Individual chapterswere editedby DeannaK. D'Errico, Patricia
Mollela, and Ruth Nieland. Catherine Schwartzstein performed
the final prepublication editorial review, and Shirley Kessel com-
piled the index. Linda Peterson ofthe Library ofCongress Print-
ing and Processing Section performed phototypesetting, under the
supervision of Peggy Pixley.
The editor gratefully acknowledges the graphics support provided
by David Cabitto, whowas assisted by Harriett R. Blood, Sandra
K. Ferrell, and Kimberly E. Lord. David Cabitto executed the art-
work on the cover and the title page ofeach chapter as well as the
military rank charts. Special thanks go to Helen R. Fedor for ob-
taining photographs from individuals who had recently travelled
in Romania. The editor also expresses his gratitude to Stanley M.
Sciora for the detailed description ofmilitary uniforms and insig-
nia and to Olena Z. Thorne for her help with Romanian spelling
and orthography.
v